Special Abstract Section: 2004 National Conference in Sales Management

Every year, Pi Sigma Epsilon sponsors a National Conference in Sales Management (NCSM) in conjunction with its annual convention. JPSSM is pleased to present a special section containing the abstracts of the papers presented at the 2004 NCSM, held April 15–17 in Reno, Nevada. The papers summarized below represent a broad collection of interesting and timely topics. Any queries regarding the papers may be sent to C. David Shepherd, NCSM Abstract Section Editor, at david_shepherd@coles2.kennesaw.edu.     

Special Abstract Section: 2003 National Conference in Sales Management

Each year, Pi Sigma Epsilon sponsors a National Conference in Sales Management (NCSM) in conjunction with its annual convention. JPSSM is pleased to present a special section containing the abstracts of the papers presented at the 2003 NCSM, held April 10–12 in Cincinnati. The papers summarized below represent a broad collection of interesting and timely topics. Any queries regarding the papers may be sent to Scott Inks, Special Abstract Section Editor, at sinks@bsu.edu.     

Special Abstract Section: 2006 National Conference in Sales Management

Each year, Pi Sigma Epsilon sponsors the National Conference in Sales Management (NCSM) in conjunction with its annual convention. JPSSM is pleased to present this special section containing the abstracts of the papers presented at the 2006 NCSM, which was held March 2–4 in Minneapolis, MN.     

Special Abstract Section: 2008 National Conference in Sales Management

Each year, Pi Sigma Epsilon sponsors the National Conference in Sales Management (NCSM) in conjunction with its annual convention. JPSSM is pleased to present this special section containing the abstracts of the papers presented at the 2008 NCSM, which was held March 26–29 in Dallas, TX.     

Special Abstract Section: 2009 National Conference in Sales Management

Each year, Pi Sigma Epsilon sponsors the National Conference in Sales Management (NCSM) in conjunction with its annual convention. JPSSM is pleased to present this special section containing the abstracts of the papers presented at the 2009 NCSM, which was held March 26–28 in Norfolk, VA.     

Special Abstract Section: 2011 National Conference in Sales Management

Each year, Pi Sigma Epsilon sponsors the National Conference in Sales Management (NCSM) in conjunction with its annual convention. JPSSM is pleased to present this special section containing the abstracts of the papers presented at the 2011 NCSM, which was held in Orlando, FL, March 30–April 2.     

Psychological adjustment to craniofacial conditions (excluding oral clefts): A review of the literature

Objective: A congenital craniofacial anomaly (CFA) is expected to impact upon several domains of psychological, emotional and social functioning, yet no recent reviews have comprehensively summarised the available literature. Further, existing reviews tend to draw upon literature in the field of cleft lip and palate, and do not give substantive attention to other types of CFAs.

Design: A review of 41 papers published between January 2000 and March 2016 pertaining to psychological adjustment to CFAs.

Main outcome measures: Findings are presented according to key psychological domains: General Psychological Well-being, Quality of Life, Behaviour, Emotional Well-being, Social Experiences, Appearance, and Treatment-Related Experiences.

Results: Current literature offers a contradictory picture of adjustment to CFAs. Psychological adjustment appeared to be comparable to norms and reference groups in approximately half of the papers related to non-syndromic CFAs, while more variation was found across domains among samples with syndromic CFAs. Associations were found between adjustment, physical health and cognitive function in several papers. The review identified a number of gaps in the literature, such as the inclusion of a wide range of diagnoses within research samples.

Conclusions: This review demonstrates the complexity of findings, both within and across domains, and highlights a number of methodological challenges.     

Toward a research-informed,evidence-based psychoanalytic supervision

The first paper on the subject of an analyst's pregnancy appeared more than 50 years ago, and was followed by a complete silence on the subject for the following 17 years. Slowly, a few substantial papers began to emerge, and there has been a gradual expansion in this area of the psychoanalytic literature particularly over the past 25 years, so that by now we have at least 60 papers on the subject, several chapters in books, and at least one complete book that I am aware of. There is of course a substantial separate literature on the subject of pregnancy itself, which is of direct relevance to an understanding of the subject of the analyst's pregnancy. In addition, the literature on special events in the course of therapy is pertinent to the subject too. I have limited my own review of the literature specifically to that related to the analyst's pregnancy but I have included all the references I could trace in the bibliography at the end of this issue.

I have grouped the papers to some extent around key areas of interest as they emerge from the whole literature. In particular, I have noted that the earliest papers began to outline some generic responses to the analyst's pregnancy, ranging in intensity from supposedly minor turbulence in men to intense transference storms in women. The early papers seem to have regarded pregnancy solely as an interference in the treatment process. Later papers began to place more emphasis on the analyst's countertransference response and to acknowledge that the therapist herself is confronted at this time with issues involving her own identity, integration of new roles, maternal identification and redefinition of important relationships in her own life. At the same time she is having to find a way of functioning as an analyst in the face of intensified transference reactions. If the analyst can negotiate the challenges to her own pre-existing psychological equilibrium which pregnancy confronts her with, she will be better placed to address the stormy period in therapy which her pregnancy is likely to provoke in her patients, and some therapeutic gains can be made over this phase of the analysis.

Later papers attempt to differentiate male from female responses to the pregnancy, and the demarcation is not surprisingly found to track psychosexual development along familiar gender lines. Examination of responses of homosexual patients, whether male or female, emphasizes the point. In addition, attempts to differentiate responses to the event according to the core psychopathology in the patient, confirm the pattern of anxieties and defences to be expected in particular configurations.

A few papers examine the responses of patients to the therapist's pregnancy in different treatment modalities, and although there is some evidence to suggest that patients having group treatment are more likely to present with issues of sexual curiosity, sexual identity, or sibling rivalry, compared with patients in individual therapy, in the final analysis all patients confirm a core complex of fear of abandonment and feelings of loss of the fantasized exclusive mother-infant relationship.

There is very little discussion in the literature on the impact of an analyst's absence due to unsuccessful pregnancies and it is postulated that this remains an area of great difficulty for the patient and the analyst, to the extent that it is almost obliterated. I can find only three papers on this topic. However, a few papers are published on the patients' responses to an analyst who has had two pregnancies. While this constitutes a particularly complex challenge to both patient and analyst, the overview suggests that there are additional therapeutic gains to be made in terms of working through, in the course of the second pregnancy.

Numerous authors address the subject of the inevitable changes in technique that follow from the fact of the analyst's pregnancy. Some of these changes are felt to be directly related to the physical and psychological changes with which the therapist is confronted at this time, and by association so is her patient. The more these changes can be acknowledged by the therapist, within herself, the more likely it is that she will be able to continue to function as an analyst. It is also apparent that the role of the supervisor is of particular importance during and immediately following this life-changing event (Imber 1995 Goldberger, M, Gillman, R, Levinson, N, Notman, M, Seeling, B and Shaw, R. 2003. On supervising the pregnant psychoanalytic candidate. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 72: 439–463. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar], Goldberger et al. 2003) and this is described in some detail in these two recent papers.     

Algebras and Matrices for Annotated Logics

We study the matrices, reduced matrices and algebras associated to the systems SA_T of structural annotated logics. In previous papers, these systems were proven algebraizable in the finitary case and the class of matrices analyzed here was proven to be a matrix semantics for them.We prove that the equivalent algebraic semantics associated with the systems SA_T are proper quasivarieties, we describe the reduced matrices, the subdirectly irreducible algebras and we give a general decomposition theorem. As a consequence we obtain a decision procedure for these logics.     

Call for papers: Peirce and Education: The Conflicting Processes of Learning and Discovery

Call for Papers

Call for papers: Peirce and Education: The Conflicting Processes of Learning and Discovery     

Mental health practitioners' attitudes towards transgender people: A systematic review of the literature

Background: A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate and synthesize literature investigating mental health practitioners' attitudes towards transgender people.

Objective: Three primary objectives were outlined; first, establish whether overall attitudes are positive or negative. Second, explore whether training, education or experience influences attitudes and finally, examine participant demographics in relation to attitude trends.

Method: A systematic electronic search was carried out in March 2017 using Medline, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, CINAHL, ASSIA, and Web of Science electronic databases. Manual citation and ancestral searches were conducted on identified papers. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies were eligible for inclusion. A total of 13 papers of mixed quality were identified.

Results: Existing literature is limited to cross-sectional, quantitative data and fails to investigate differences between implicit and explicit attitudes. Small to moderate convenience samples reduce the generalizability of data. Overall attitudes were positive although negative attitudes were more frequent in male, Caucasian, heterosexual, religious, conservative mental health professionals.

Conclusions: Refined scales are needed to address the unique heterogeneity within transgender populations. Future research should focus on how attitudes impact care provided and employ longitudinal designs to explore the sustainability of targeted attitudinal training.     

Some paraconsistent sentential calculi

In [8] Jakowski defined by means of an appropriate interpretation a paraconsistent calculusD ₂ . In [9] J. Kotas showed thatD ₂ is equivalent to the calculusM(S5) whose theses are exactly all formulasa such thatMa is a thesis ofS5. The papers [11], [7], [3], and [4] showed that interesting paraconsistent calculi could be obtained using modal systems other thanS5 and modalities other thanM. This paper generalises the above work. LetA be an arbitrary modality (i.e. string ofM's,L's and negation signs). Then theA-extension of a set of formulasX is {¦A X}}. Various properties ofA-extensions of normal modal systems are examined, including a problem of their axiomatizability     

Call for papers electronic archiving: Norms,stimuli, and data a special issue of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Behavior Research Methods,Instruments, &; Computers</Emphasis>

Notices and Announcements

Call for papers electronic archiving: Norms, stimuli, and data a special issue ofBehavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers     

The hippocampus as an odour encoder

Summaries of recently published papers of interest to cognitive scientists. Readers who would like to contribute to this section, by identifying appropriate papers and writing short summaries, should contact the Editor (tics@current-trends.com).     

Using the TAT to Assess the Relation Between Gender Identity and the Use of Defense Mechanisms

The purpose of this study is to explore whether 2 different dimensions of personality, when assessed at an implicit level with the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943 Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. [Google Scholar]) will show a theoretically meaningful coherence not demonstrated when 1 is assessed at an implicit level and the other at an explicit level. Gender identity and defense mechanisms were assessed implicitly using the TAT. Gender identity was compared with a self-report measure of gender-related attributes assessed at the explicit level. The results showed a theoretically meaningful coherence when different dispositions were assessed at the same level, but a lack of agreement when similar dispositions were assessed at different levels. The study is based on a secondary analysis of data from 2 previously published papers (Cramer, 1998 Cramer, P. (1998). Threat to gender representation: Identity and identification. Journal of Personality, 66, 335–354.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Cramer &; Westergren, 1999 Cramer, P., &; Hogan, K. (1975). Sex differences in verbal and play fantasy. Developmental Psychology, 11, 145–154.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).     

History,philosophy, and science teaching: A brief review

School science education is currently the subject of much debate. Historians and philosophers of science should play a role in this debate. Since the late nineteenth century there has been a persistent, if minor, tradition arguing for the incorporation of historical and philosophical dimensions in the teaching of school science. With the current crisis in science teaching, there are encouraging signs that more attention is being paid to this tradition. What is required is much greater collaboration between philosophers, historians, and science educators, particularly in the training of teachers.This article is a shortened version of my 1988, A Role for History and Philosophy in Science Teaching, inEducational Philosophy and Theory 20 (2). All references are to the following History, Philosophy, and Science Teaching: A Bibliography.This special number ofSynthese is part of a large international project on the place of history and philosophy in science teaching. Special issues ofEducational Philosophy and Theory, Interchange, andStudies in Philosophy and Education are being produced. An international conference on the subject will be held at Florida State University in November 1989. Details of the journals and the conference can be obtained from the author.The project commenced while the author was on leave at Florida State University in 1987. It began with a gracious invitation from Jaakko Hintikka to guest edit this number, and was furthered with the support and encouragement of David Gruender. I thank them both, and also the Philosophy Department for its hospitality. Special appreciation is due to the nearly 30 authors who have contributed papers to the project. I hope that their efforts will re-open the needed dialogue between historians, philosophers, and science educators.     

A Cut-Free Sequent System for the Smallest Interpretability Logic

The idea of interpretability logics arose in Visser [Vis90]. He introduced the logics as extensions of the provability logic GLwith a binary modality . The arithmetic realization of A B in a theory T will be that T plus the realization of B is interpretable in T plus the realization of A (T + A interprets T + B). More precisely, there exists a function f (the relative interpretation) on the formulas of the language of T such that T + B C implies T + A f(C).The interpretability logics were considered in several papers. An arithmetic completeness of the interpretability logic ILM, obtained by adding Montagna's axiom to the smallest interpretability logic IL, was proved in Berarducci [Ber90] and Shavrukov [Sha88] (see also Hájek and Montagna [HM90] and Hájek and Montagna [HM92]). [Vis90] proved that the interpretability logic ILP, an extension of IL, is also complete for another arithmetic interpretation. The completeness with respect to Kripke semantics due to Veltman was, for IL, ILMand ILP, proved in de Jongh and Veltman [JV90]. The fixed point theorem of GLcan be extended to ILand hence ILMand ILP(cf. de Jongh and Visser [JV91]). The unary pendant "T interprets T + A" is much less expressive and was studied in de Rijke [Rij92]. For an overview of interpretability logic, see Visser [Vis97], and Japaridze and de Jongh [JJ98].In this paper, we give a cut-free sequent system for IL. To begin with, we give a cut-free system for the sublogic IL4of IL, whose -free fragment is the modal logic K4. A cut-elimination theorem for ILis proved using the system for IK4and a property of Löb's axiom.     

Outstanding problems: Replies to ZiF critics

Answers set the stage for new questions. Reconfigured terrains require new maps. We endedReconceptions with the words constructionalism always has plenty to do. The papers in this volume prove our point. They raise issues and disclose avenues that merit further investigation. In what follows, I venture some brief replies that answer objections and indicate areas that deserve further study.     

Noncognitive factors in high-road/low-road learning: I. Modes of abstraction in adulthood

Since the termscognition andcognitive are broadly used but not clearly defined, it may be helpful to clarify what is meant bynoncognitive factors. In cognitive science, the termscognition andcognitive generally describe mental processes that are informational insofar as they carry information about the organism's own body and the material world. Thus defined, there are three sorts of noncognitive organismic factors important in adult learning:affective processes, self-developmental processes, andhardware factors (i.e., noninformational, purely organismic constraints such as mental capacity/working memory limitations, gestaltist field factors, etc.). In this series of papers, we attempt to show how these noncognitive factors interact with cognitive factors to facilitate adult learning. We outline and give reference to a dialectical constructivist (neoPiagetian) model of the psychological organism that integrates noncognitive with cognitive factors and that can serve to explicate the findings of the literature and to process/task analyze adult learning. An important aim is the integration of the findings of decline and regression from the cognitive literature with the findings regarding the increase in self-directedness reported by adult education theorists. This is explicated through a process-analytic account of the will, particularly as it pertains to noncognitive factors. In Part II, we continue our explication of a dialectical model of the ego and conclude with a discussion of modes of learning/instruction in adulthood.