On the Relation Between the Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior and Applied Behavior Analysis

The Psychological Record -     

The Relationship Between Aesthetic Value and Cognitive Value

Recent attention to the relationship between aesthetic value and cognitive value has focused on whether the latter can affect the former. In this article, I approach the issue from the opposite direction. I investigate whether the aesthetic value of a work can influence its cognitive value. More narrowly, I consider whether a work's aesthetic value ever contributes to or detracts from its philosophical value, which I take to include the truth of its claims, the strength of its arguments, and its internal consistency. I argue that aesthetic value does have such an impact, at least sometimes and to some degree. The aesthetic merits of some works help to preserve their consistency, and the aesthetic defects of other works render them self‐contradictory.     

Sinning Saints and Saintly Sinners: The Paradox of Moral Self-Regulation

ABSTRACT— The question of why people are motivated to act altruistically has been an important one for centuries, and across various disciplines. Drawing on previous research on moral regulation, we propose a framework suggesting that moral (or immoral) behavior can result from an internal balancing of moral self-worth and the cost inherent in altruistic behavior. In Experiment 1 , participants were asked to write a self-relevant story containing words referring to either positive or negative traits. Participants who wrote a story referring to the positive traits donated one fifth as much as those who wrote a story referring to the negative traits. In Experiment 2 , we showed that this effect was due specifically to a change in the self-concept. In Experiment 3 , we replicated these findings and extended them to cooperative behavior in environmental decision making. We suggest that affirming a moral identity leads people to feel licensed to act immorally. However, when moral identity is threatened, moral behavior is a means to regain some lost self-worth.     

脂联素基因多态性与原发性高血压研究进展

脂联素是脂肪细胞特异性细胞因子,与糖、脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗密切相关,具有抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化特性。脂联素基因序列中存在相当数量的等位基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）,＋45T／G、＋164I／T和＋276G／TSNPs发生频率在原发性高血压（EH）中增高,直接影响脂联素血浆浓度。脂联素基因SNPs是EH的一个新易感因素。     

The Association Between Political Violence and the Connection Between Bullying and Suicidality Among Palestinian Youth

We examined the association between protracted political violence and the connection between bullying and suicidality among Palestinian adolescents. Data were collected from a representative sample of Palestinian students (N  = 5,713) from 100 schools in the West Bank and East Jerusalem who completed an in‐class survey. Students who were victims of bullying or bully victims who were exposed to political violence were at higher risk for suicide attempts compared to students who were victims of bullying or bully victims but not exposed to political violence. Political violence moderated the association between bullying and suicide attempts after controlling for socio demographic and other mental health variables.     

The Continuity Strategy,Human Behavior,and Behavior Analysis

The Psychological Record - In behavior analysis, continuity refers to the assumption of a similarity of behavioral principles or processes between nonhumans and humans, which is often considered to...     

A Possible Connection Between Self-Consciousness and Quantum

We study the possible connection between self-consciousness and quantum process. It is shown that the self-consciousness function can help to measure the collapse time of wave function under some condition, while the usual physical device without self-consciousness can't. Furthermore, we show that the observer with self-consciousness can distinguish the definite state and the superposition of definite states under some stronger condition. This provides a practical physical method to differentiate man and machine, and will also help to find the possible existence of self-consciousness in the animal kingdom. We finally give some further discussions about these new results.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Connection Between Happiness and Service Businesses: A Preliminary Study

Happiness may be one of the most important goals that many people pursue in the world. This study adopts a qualitative approach to investigate the determinants of happiness for Taiwanese/Chinese people. Further, we investigate related service opportunities for happiness via a field survey of 808 respondents. This study identifies four happiness segments for people in Taiwan/China: Influential & Outgoing, Adequately Settled, Pleasure Seeking, and Young & Restless. These four happiness segments differ markedly in terms of characteristics and potential service opportunities. The findings of this study have implications for researchers who are seeking to understand happiness in an Asian country.     

社会榜样与青少年吸烟行为的关系

本研究对北京市1042名初一至高三学生进行问卷调查,以考察最要好同伴、父母、学校和大众媒体对青少年吸烟行为的影响。研究发现,各种社会因素与青少年吸烟行为有显著的关系;女生更多地受到最要好同伴吸烟行为、母亲吸烟行为和态度以及户外广告的影响;最要好同伴吸烟、学校对吸烟的态度对初中生的影响更大,而高中生更多地受到父亲吸烟行为和户外广告的影响;各种社会因素的影响大小依次为:最要好同伴吸烟、父亲吸烟行为、学校周围广告、母亲和学校对吸烟的态度。     

The Relationship Between Financial History and Counterproductive Work Behavior

To reduce employee counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs), organizations may choose to utilize a financial history (FH) instrument during the selection process. To date, no published empirical research has attempted to determine the validity of such a practice. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine if employees with FH concerns, which were identified during the selection process and their 5‐year subsequent reinvestigation, were more likely to engage in CWBs, which were objectively measured through an examination of misconduct cases. Results from a random sample of 2519 employees indicated that those with FH concerns were significantly more likely to engage in CWBs than those without FH concerns. Implications to research and practice are discussed.     

The Relation Between Obtained Preference Value and Reinforcer Potency

Stimulus preference assessments often include items suspected to be highly preferred. If only high‐preference stimuli are assessed, preference hierarchies may not accurately predict the results of reinforcer assessments (RA). In this study, paired‐stimulus (PS) preference assessments using items suspected to be preferred (PS‐1) generated distinct preference hierarchies. Subsequent RAs (RA‐1) indicated that high‐preference and low‐preference stimuli were associated with similar response rates. Additional assessments (PS‐2) were then conducted, using the least‐preferred item from PS‐1 plus seven new stimuli. The least‐preferred items on PS‐1 ranked as most preferred on PS‐2, and on RA‐2, the top‐ranked items functioned as reinforcers, but low‐ranked items did not. Implications for incorporating low‐preference items into clinical/educational programming are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Scientific Study of Human Sexual Behavior

Summary

A detailed, personalized report is provided concerning the data gathered to determine whether a workship planned for Greek and Turkish Cypriotes was feasible and desirable, to formulate the goals of the enterprise, actually to recruit participants, and to ascertain some of the opinions and attitudes likely to be expressed during that workshop. The data could not be utilized, however, because a few days before the participants were to gather in Northern Italy the government of the Greek community on the island was overthrown and five days later an invasion by the Turks began. The emphasis is upon the clinical or practical experience gained from this aborted attempt, which might be useful in future enterprises.     

The Relationship Between Attributional Charismatic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This study examined the relationship between attributional charismatic leadership and subordinate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Survey data were collected from 63 supervisor-subordinate dyads employed in the Engineering Division of a manufacturing firm. Hierarchical regression analysis supported the prediction that subordinate attributions of supervisor charismatic leadership would be positively associated with supervisor reports of subordinate OCB. The findings were interpreted in terms of how subordinate personal identification and internalization processes induced by charismatic leadership may activate OCB.     

The Relation Between People's Connection With a Target and the Perceived Importance of Justice

We propose that actors will perceive justice as more important with respect to a target when they experience moderate versus extremely high or extremely low connection with the target. In two studies, we manipulated actors’ connection with (e.g., similarity to) a target and the target's standing on the appropriate justice criterion. Both studies yielded the predicted curvilinear relation between connectedness and the perceived relevance of justice. In Study 2, actors’ decisions were more affected by the justice criterion in the moderate versus extreme connectedness conditions. Our findings have important implications for the interplay between connection with others and moral motivations.