Neuere Entwicklungen der Behandlungstechnik in den englischsprachigen psychoanalytischen Schulen

Zusammenfassung. Die drei gro?en Richtungen der psychoanalytischen Technik der englischsprachigen Psychoanalytiker sind die traditionelle Kleinianische Schule, die Ichpsychologische Richtung und die Objektbeziehungstheorie der Mittleren Gruppe. Diese Arbeit beschreibt ihre Entwicklung und zeigt, wie ihre gegenseitige Befruchtung in den vergangenen 30 Jahren sie bewegt hat. Durch Kontrastierung mit der franz?sischen Hauptstr?mung wird gezeigt, wie jede von ihnen fehlerhaft oder unvollst?ndig sein k?nnte. Wenn der Trend zur gegenseitigen Modifikation früher heftig verteidigter Unterschiede anh?lt, l?sst sich in den n?chsten Jahren eine Ann?herung zwischen den franz?sischen und den englischen Schulen erwarten.

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Recent developments in the technical approaches of english language psychoanalytic schools

Summary. The three major approaches to psychoanalytic technique among English-speaking analysts are the traditional Kleinian one, the ego psychology point of view, and the theory of the British Independents. This paper describes the development of these approaches and shows how their crossfertilization during the past thirty years has affected them. By contrasting them with the French mainstream, it is suggested how each of them may be flawed or incomplete. If the trend towards mutual modifications of previously hotly defended differences continues, one may expect a convergence between the French and English schools to take place over the years to come.

     

Musiktherapie in der Psychosomatik

It is a long way to the formal recognition of a so-called non-verbal mode of therapy that was long considered only as an additional intervention in complex forms of treatment. A historical overview of the development of music therapy in German psychosomatic medicine is followed by a detailed report of the diversities of present techniques in music therapy. Outcome research shows music therapy to be a richer and more diversified method than one would suppose. On this basis specific indications for the implementation of music therapy in medical settings are identifiable.     

Musiktherapie in der deutschen Psychosomatik

The authors report about the clinical implementation of music therapy in psychosomatic hospitals in FRG based on a survey among practising music therapists: attending especially to the qualification of music therapists, their integration and the problem of indication. The coverage of music therapy in the standard textbooks on psychosomatic medicine is discussed.Finally the state of research on music therapy in psychosomatic hospitals is reviewed.     

Psychosomatik in der Dermatologie

Psychosomatic dermatology deals with skin disorders that are substantially influenced by psychosocial causes, sequelae or circumstances or in which these are important in the selection of therapy for the particular patient. In this context, skin diseases have been recognized in a biopsychosocial model for holistic medicine. In a wider sense, psychosomatic dermatology embraces every aspect of intra- and interpersonal problems relating to skin disorders and psychosomatic trigger mechanisms and/or ways of coping with skin disorders. A distinction is made between primarily psychic conflicts, psychosomatic diseases and somatopsychic aspects. Approaches to treatment take account of the doctor (doctor’s–assistant)–patient relationship, compliance factors, the dermatosis patient’s quality of life and the psychosocial health of the dermatologist, and also steps that can be implemented in the context of the practice management and basic psychosomatic treatment including referral for special psychotherapy     

Psychosomatik der Kopfschmerzen

Headaches are subdivided into primary and secondary headaches according to the classification of the International Headache Society. While primary headaches represent the disease itself, secondary headaches are a manifestation as symptoms of another primary disease. This results in different therapeutic approaches so that secondary headaches are initially treated according to the actual cause of the headache. In contrast primary headaches have no further causes and necessitate fundamentally different treatment in comparison to secondary headaches. The psychosomatics integrate somatic procedures with psychiatric and social processes. This integration forms the basis of the biopsychosocial model which has the great advantage of being able to offer several approaches to psychiatric processes and accomanying alterations. For primary headaches psychotherapeutic strategies and modifications in the social environment of the patient can be applied in addition to medicinal (i.e. biological somatic) treatment procedures, in order to be able to positively influence the underlying disease. This article presents the most important primary headache diseases, migraine and tension-type headache and demonstrates treatment options which can be used in accordance with the biopsychosocial model presented.     

Zur Bedeutung der Psychoendokrinologie in der Psychosomatik

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Prozedurale Faktoren in der psychoanalytischen Behandlung

The traditional concept of acting out was redefined in the context of intersubjective approaches as enactment. When a resistance was previously recognized in the analysis of classical neuroses that had to be resolved for a promising analysis, in enactment the creative preverbal expressions of covert procedural experiences can now be recognized, which become revealed in regressive states and in structural disorders. They create scenes of preverbal communication in which the analyst becomes involved in the inner world of experiences. This has a strong reparative potential. It can be utilized for new experiences and development if the analyst becomes entangled in such scenes as a co-actor, accepts the relationship offer of the patient and contributes to solutions for the entanglement; however, this requires something more comprehensive than the traditional defensive concept of transference. It emphasizes in particular the activity of the analyst and its impact on the formation of the analytical process and recognizes the involvement of the analyst as a constitutive factor in the process of his own transference. Thus, a new definition of abstinence in terms of a selective abstinence is achieved, which is nowadays characteristic of the developmental approach in psychoanalytic treatment.     

Kontextanalytische Supervision in der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung

Clinical practice with supervision is that area of psychoanalytic education, in which psychotherapeutic competence is learned, developed and imparted. From the results of the current research about education and supervision, the tasks and aims of supervision are derived. Based on that a context-analytical concept of supervision is evolved. In context-analytical supervision a researching attitude is adopted by which the interactional evaluation of the patient/supervisee is captured and understood for to follow this in psychotherapeutic/supervisory acting and intervening. Finally the potential of context-analysis as a method of qualitative research is pointed out.     

Psychosomatik der koronaren Herzkrankheit

Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. In its multifactorial pathogenesis psychosocial factors are considered cofactors influencing health behaviors and physiological processes. They are also potent triggers of acute myocardial infarctions. The heart disease itself can, in turn, lead to anxiety, denial, and depression. Psychological maladjustment, especially depression, can impair subjective well-being and clinical disease outcomes. It should therefore be identified systematically. Besides the somatic treatment, behavioral interventions can help patients to cope with stressors and control coronary risk factors. Psychotherapy and antidepressant medications are available for treating comorbid mental illnesses, especially depression. However, psychotherapy with cardiac patients has to take into account the particular characteristics and needs of these patients.     

Update der psychoanalytischen Links im Internet

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Update der psychoanalytischen Links im Internet

Das Forum der Psychoanalyse hat zuletzt in Heft 1/2007 nützliche Internetadressen für Psychoanalytikerinnen und Psychoanalytiker publiziert. Hier folgt, zusammengestellt von Parfen Laszig und Kathy Rieg, ein aktuelles Update. Ausführlichere Informationen zu den angeführten und weiteren Adressen finden sich auf der Internetseite www.psychoanalytische-ressourcen.de