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1.
Two studies examined the influence of dysphoria on motivational intensity in a student sample. Participants worked on a memory
task (Study 1) or a mental concentration task (Study 2) without fixed performance standard (“do your best”). Based on their
scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (L. S. Radloff, 1977), dysphoric and nondysphoric students
were compared with regard to their effort-related cardiovascular reactivity during task performance. As predicted on the basis
of the mood-behavior-model (G. H. E. Gendolla, 2000) and motivational intensity theory (J. W. Brehm & E. A. Self, 1989), dysphoric
participants showed stronger cardiovascular reactivity while working on the cognitive tasks than nondysphoric participants.
In Study 1, nondysphoric participants performed better on the memory task than dysphoric participants. Theoretical implications
are discussed.
相似文献
Kerstin BrinkmannEmail: |
2.
This study evaluates a pathway for depressive risk that integrates cognitive diathesis-stress and stress-generation theories,
following Hankin and Abramson’s (2001, Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(4), 491-504) elaborated cognitive-diathesis transactional stress model. In this model, young adolescents with initial depressive
symptoms were hypothesised to experience later stressors that were at least partly dependent on their behaviour. The interaction
of cognitive vulnerability, a tendency to make depressogenic attributions and to ruminate, with these dependent stressors
was then hypothesised to predict depressive symptoms after 6 months. This model was supported in a sample of 756 young adolescents,
with cognitive style and dependent stressors partly mediating the relationship between initial and subsequent depressive symptoms.
Cognitive vulnerability was also linked with an increased likelihood of dependent stressors.
相似文献
Amy KercherEmail: |
3.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
相似文献
Shoji Nagataki (Corresponding author)Email: |
Satoru HiroseEmail: |
4.
Mark R. McMinn Sarah P. Kerrick Susan J. Duma Emma R. Campbell Jane B. Jung 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(4):445-457
Clergy spouses experience various life stressors, yet many cope and function effectively in the midst of their daily challenges.
Mental health professionals were asked to identify wives of male clergy who exemplify emotional and spiritual health. Nominees
were contacted and interviews conducted with 25 women. Each interviewee was asked about coping with normal life stressors,
stressors associated with being married to a minister, and catastrophic life events. All interviews were transcribed and coded,
using grounded theory. Participants emphasized the importance of spirituality, social support, limit-setting, and healthy
lifestyle choices. Implications are discussed.
相似文献
Mark R. McMinnEmail: |
5.
Asifa Siraj 《Contemporary Islam》2009,3(1):41-57
Islam’s explicit condemnation of homosexuality has created a theologically based homophobia which engenders the intolerance
of homosexuals by Muslims. In this article I explore Muslim attitudes towards homosexuality and homosexuals as this area has
elicited very little research. Based on structured interviews with 68 Muslim male and female heterosexuals I examine the connection
between participants’ attitudes towards homosexuality and their understanding of gender and gender roles. I also analyse whether
participants’ views are shaped by their religious beliefs and values. Age, gender, education and level of religiosity are
analysed to see whether they affect attitudes. Data suggest that participants held negative attitudes towards homosexuals
and this is the result of being religiously conservative in their attitudes towards homosexuality and gender roles.
相似文献
Asifa SirajEmail: |
6.
Erin T. Barker Nancy L. Galambos 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):43-50
Common measures of eating disorder symptoms contain affect-related items. When associations between negative affect and eating
disorder symptoms are examined, criterion confounding is possible. The current study explored whether criterion confounding
biases estimates of relations between symptoms of binge eating and negative affect. Data were collected from first-year university
student women via 14-day web-based daily diaries. The Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS) measured daily symptoms of binge
eating, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measured daily negative affect. The inclusion of affect-related
items in the MEBS biased mean level tests of negative affect, correlations of negative affect with symptoms of binge eating,
and associations between the likelihood of reporting behavioral symptoms of binge eating and same-day negative affect. Converging
results demonstrated the need to measure associated features and risk factors separately from problematic eating behavior
symptoms.
相似文献
Erin T. BarkerEmail: |
7.
We review several instances where cognitive research has identified distinct psychological mechanisms for moral judgment that
yield conflicting answers to moral dilemmas. In each of these cases, the conflict between psychological mechanisms is paralleled
by prominent philosophical debates between different moral theories. A parsimonious account of this data is that key claims
supporting different moral theories ultimately derive from the psychological mechanisms that give rise to moral judgments.
If this view is correct, it has some important implications for the practice of philosophy. We suggest several ways that moral
philosophy and practical reasoning can proceed in the face of discordant theories grounded in diverse psychological mechanisms.
相似文献
Fiery CushmanEmail: |
8.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
9.
Rumination in Response to Stress as a Common Vulnerability Factor to Depression and Substance Misuse in Adolescence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The current study examined rumination in response to stress as a common vulnerability factor to both depression and substance
use problems in adolescence. Specifically, we used a multi-wave longitudinal design to examine whether adolescents who tend
to ruminate in response to stress exhibit increases in depressive symptoms and substance misuse following the occurrence of
negative events. At time 1, adolescents (n = 161) completed measures assessing depressive symptoms, substance misuse, and the tendency to ruminate in response to stress.
Every 6 weeks for the next 18 weeks participants completed measures assessing the occurrence of negative events, depressive
symptoms, and substance misuse. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that adolescents who tend to ruminate in response
to stress report greater elevations in depressive symptoms and substance misuse following elevations in negative events than
other adolescents. The relationship between rumination, negative events, and substance misuse was moderated by age. Support
was not obtained for fluctuations in depressive symptoms as a mediator of the relationship between negative events and substance
misuse. Fluctuations in negative affect, however, were found to mediate this relationship.
相似文献
Steven A. SkitchEmail: |
10.
Veronica Vasterling 《Human Studies》2007,30(2):79-95
In this essay I compare Nussbaum’s and Arendt’s approach to narrativity. The point of the comparison is to find out which
approach is more adequate for practical philosophy: the approach influenced by cognitive theory (Nussbaum) or the one influenced
by hermeneutic phenomenology (Arendt). I conclude that Nussbaum’s approach is flawed by methodological solipsism, which is
due to her application of cognitive theory.
相似文献
Veronica VasterlingEmail: |
11.
Daniel A. Weiskopf 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(3):359-384
Certain of our concepts are innate, but many others are learned. Despite the plausibility of this claim, some have argued
that the very idea of concept learning is incoherent. I present a conception of learning that sidesteps the arguments against
the possibility of concept learning, and sketch several mechanisms that result in the generation of new primitive concepts.
Given the rational considerations that motivate their deployment, I argue that these deserve to be called learning mechanisms.
I conclude by replying to the objections that these mechanisms cannot produce genuinely new content and cannot be part of
genuinely cognitive explanations.
相似文献
Daniel A. WeiskopfEmail: |
12.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Ruminative Brooding in Current Dysphoria,Anxiety, Worry,and Anger
Kirk R. Blankstein Crystal Hillis Lumley 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(3):168-193
The current study examined links between dimensions of perfectionism, ruminative and distractive coping, and multiple measures
of current distress (dysphoria, anxiety, worry, and anger) in 205 university students. A main goal was to test the hypothesis
that perfectionism is related to a new measure of the critical maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., ruminative brooding)
that is not confounded with symptoms and confirm that both constructs function as non-specific vulnerabilities for emotional
distress. Our study revealed numerous significant findings, including: (1) socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) was the
dimension most strongly related to brooding in response to depression and anxiety; (2) SPP, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP),
and brooding predicted various indices of distress; (3) SOP predicted anxiety and worry in women, and it predicted dysphoria
and anger in men; (4) despite the strong associations between ruminative brooding and distress, perfectionism still accounted
for unique variance in distress, and vice-versa. Implications for the issue of the adaptiveness versus maladaptiveness of
perfectionism and for counseling perfectionists who fall into the “brooding trap” are discussed.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
13.
Richard Fumerton 《Philosophical Studies》2009,142(1):67-76
In this paper I argue that there is no viable alternative to construing our knowledge and justified belief as resting on a
foundation restricted to truths about our internal states. Against Williamson and others I defend the claim that the internal
life of a cognizer really does constitute a special sort of cognitive home that is importantly different from the rest of
what we think we know and justifiably believe.
相似文献
Richard FumertonEmail: |
14.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Soz. Alf Gerlach 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2004,20(1):7-12
15.
The two main objectives of this research were to determine whether Type A cognitions are related to a broader range of symptoms
than has traditionally been studied and to determine possible mediating variables. Past research and theory suggest that Type
A individuals not only experience but also generate stress and interpersonal conflict (i.e., in keeping with a psychosocial
vulnerability model). This psychosocial vulnerability may put Type A individuals at greater risk of experiencing a wide array
of physical and psychological symptoms well beyond coronary heart disease (CHD), the health outcome typically investigated.
Stress, interpersonal and non-interpersonal in nature, and perceived social support, were explored as possible mediators in
the Type A cognition-symptoms relationship using structural equation modelling (SEM) in a university sample. Non-interpersonal
stress and interpersonal stress mediated both the Type A cognition-psychological symptoms relationship and the Type A cognition-physical
symptoms relationship. However, perceived social support only mediated the Type A cognition-psychological symptoms relationship.
Results indicate that Type A individuals may experience psychosocial vulnerability, particularly reporting stress, which may
put them at risk for the experience of negative health outcomes. Implications for cognitive therapy are discussed.
相似文献
Donna I. PickeringEmail: |
16.
This mail survey measured post-traumatic stress symptoms, spiritual and non-spiritual coping strategies, and positive spiritual
outcomes following the tragedies of 9/11/01 in a national, random sample of 1,056 Presbyterians. Respondents reported mild
to moderate degrees of re-experiencing and hyper-arousal symptoms of post-traumatic stress, unrelated to location or knowing
someone involved. People experiencing high stress used greater frequency and variety of both spiritual and non-spiritual types
of coping strategies. Positive spiritual outcomes were remarkably related to positive spiritual coping strategies, in contrast
to no association with negative coping. This study illustrates the significant degree of post-traumatic stress experienced
with vicarious exposure and a wide spectrum of coping strategies used following the major terrorist attacks.
相似文献
John P. Marcum |
17.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
相似文献
Anthony BruecknerEmail: |
18.
Stress generation is a process in which individuals, through their depressive symptoms, personal characteristics, and/or behaviors,
contribute to the occurrence of stressful life events. While this process has been well documented in adults, few studies
have examined it in children. The present study examines whether cognitive and interpersonal vulnerability factors to depression
contribute to stress generation in children, independent of their current depressive symptoms. Participants included 140 children
(ages 6 to 14) and one of their parents. During an initial assessment, children completed self-report measures assessing cognitive
and interpersonal vulnerability factors to depression. Children and their parents also completed measures assessing depressive
symptoms. One year later, children and their parents participated in a semi-structured interview assessing the occurrence
of stressful life events in the past year. Multi-level modeling results provided strong support for the stress generation
process in children of affectively ill parents and highlight the importance of considering gender and age moderation effects.
相似文献
Claire StarrsEmail: |
19.
20.
D. S. Neil Van Leeuwen 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(3):419-437
I raise the question of what cognitive attitude self-deception brings about. That is: what is the product of self-deception?
Robert Audi and Georges Rey have argued that self-deception does not bring about belief in the usual sense, but rather “avowal”
or “avowed belief.” That means a tendency to affirm verbally (both privately and publicly) that lacks normal belief-like connections
to non-verbal actions. I contest their view by discussing cases in which the product of self-deception is implicated in action
in a way that exemplifies the motivational role of belief. Furthermore, by applying independent criteria of what it is for
a mental state to be a belief, I defend the more intuitive view that being self-deceived that p entails believing that p. Beliefs (i) are the default for action relative to other cognitive attitudes (such as imagining and hypothesis) and (ii)
have cognitive governance over the other cognitive attitudes. I explicate these two relations and argue that they obtain for
the product of self-deception.
相似文献
D. S. Neil Van LeeuwenEmail: |