Roderick Chisholm and The Shaping of American Epistemology

Abstract: Roderick Chisholm had a profound effect on the shape of American epistemology. In this article, I not only give an account of the large‐scale structure of Chisholm's views but also say something about the place of Chisholmian themes in contemporary work. I thus present an understanding and an appreciation of Chisholm's contribution to epistemology by exhibiting a number of alternative developments of Chisholmian ideas that are currently under discussion.     

Reply to Crastnopol and Sandmeyer

This response focuses on four points brought up by the discussants: connections between shame and competition, links between competition and envy, the issue of splitting into “all good” and “all bad,” and the question of “digging into” the “dark” side of competition and envy in psychodynamic work. The conclusion: There is no unilateral or definitive explanation for or way of working with the many different issues that can emerge in relation to competition for women in psychoanalysis. However, acknowledging the importance and complexity of competition in women’s lives can make it possible for an analytic dyad to begin to make space for multiple meanings of and defenses against competitive feelings and thoughts, bringing them out of the realm of acting out and into the world of thought representation.