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1.
Calonie M. K. Gray Rona Carter Wendy K. Silverman 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(2):205-213
This cross-sectional study examined the relations among children’s ethnic pride, perceived parenting behavior (i.e., parental
control, parental acceptance), anxiety sensitivity, and child anxiety symptoms (i.e., physical symptoms, social anxiety symptoms,
separation anxiety symptoms, and harm avoidance symptoms) in 266 African American school children (M = 9.98 years old; 55% girls). Structural equation modeling results indicated that high ethnic pride was associated with high
parental acceptance. High perceived parental acceptance, in turn, was related to children reporting low levels of social anxiety
symptoms and high levels of harm avoidance. In addition, high parental control was related to high anxiety sensitivity. Anxiety
sensitivity partially mediated the relation between parental control and separation anxiety symptoms, such that parental control
was both directly and indirectly related to separation anxiety symptoms. Parental control was indirectly related to physical
symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and harm avoidance symptoms through its direct link to anxiety sensitivity. The study’s
results increment knowledge about factors influencing specific dimensions of anxiety in African American children. 相似文献
2.
Stefan E. Schulenberg Lindsay W. Schnetzer Michael R. Winters Robert R. Hutzell 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2010,40(2):95-102
Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy posits that human life has purpose and that human beings are motivated to discover meaning in
their lives. This paper’s objective is to present a case for incorporating meaning into couples therapy as a way of enhancing
a clinician’s existing approach. Logotherapy is a potentially useful modality, regardless of the clinician’s theoretical orientation,
given its collaborative nature and focus on the significance of meaning and values to the human condition. A logotherapeutic
approach to couples therapy (i.e., meaning-centered couples therapy) would involve values clarification (individually and
collectively) and emphasis on a love that is based on acceptance and self-transcendent growth. Logotherapy techniques are
discussed, a composite illustration is presented, and recommendations for research are offered. 相似文献
3.
Childhood internalizing problems may occur as early as preschool, tend to be stable over time, and undermine social and academic
functioning. Parent emotion regulatory behaviors may contribute to child internalizing problems and may be especially important
during the preschool years when parents model emotion coping and regulation for their children. Parents who feel out of control
of their preschoolers’ behavior and emotional states may adopt avoidant emotion regulatory strategies. We proposed that parent
depression, perceived locus of control, and experiential avoidance would be linked with internalizing symptoms in a high-risk
sample of preschool-aged children. We also expected that locus of control would mediate the relationship between maternal
depression, experiential avoidance, and child internalizing problems. Seventy-four urban, low-income, diverse mothers of Head
Start preschool children completed rating scales measuring their own depression, locus of control, experiential avoidance,
and their children’s internalizing behaviors. Correlational analyses revealed that mothers reporting higher levels of depression
were more likely to report experiential avoidance, feeling out of control in their parenting role, and internalizing symptoms
in their children. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that locus of control explained additional unique variance in
child internalizing problems over and above that explained by maternal depression. Locus of control mediated the relationship
between maternal depression and child internalizing symptoms. The importance of considering parent locus of control and its
relation to children’s internalizing symptoms is discussed as a potential target for early childhood prevention programs. 相似文献
4.
Philip Browning Helsel 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(1):55-63
Simone Weil’s theology is deeply connected to her experiences with chronic pain. Pain is paradoxical in that it is an essentially
private phenomenon yet it simultaneously demands to be shared with another. Weil’s life and thought exemplify both aspects
of this paradox, demonstrating how her pain alienated her from her own body and from others, and how her thought found full
expression as she attempted to share experiences with pain. Weil’s experience of pain was transformed in her passion mysticism,
the deep connection she felt with the crucified Christ. In this connection, the most unbearable aspect of her pain, the threat,
which it presented to her very self through annihilation, was absorbed into the cross and transformed by God’s love. While
this did not necessarily diminish Weil’s pain, the meaning it had for her as a person was transformed through an encounter
with Christ crucified, in which she experienced God’s suffering along with her. 相似文献
5.
6.
This study examined whether children’s biased self-perceptions of peer acceptance are associated in a linear or curvilinear
fashion with aggression, whether associations are moderated by peer rejection status, and whether associations apply uniquely
to reactive aggression. Children in the 4th through 7th grades completed a self-report measure on their social functioning
(SPPC; Harter 1982), and teachers reported on children’s social functioning and aggression. Self-perceptual bias was operationalized
as the standardized residual difference between children’s self-perceptions and their teachers’ perceptions of their peer
acceptance. Rejected status moderated associations between biased self-perceptions and reactive aggression. Among non-rejected
children, biased perceptions were not significantly associated with reactive aggression. In contrast, among peer-rejected
children, reactive aggression was elevated in those who greatly underestimated as well as in those who even modestly overestimated
their peer acceptance. This pattern was observed whether or not proactive aggression was statistically controlled. In contrast,
biased self-perceptions were not associated with proactive aggression for rejected or nonrejected children. Implications are
discussed with regard to future research and potential interventions for aggressive children. 相似文献
7.
Brian Ellis 《Sophia》2011,50(1):135-139
A theory of morality acceptable to humanists must be one that can be accepted independently of religion. In this paper, I
argue that while there is such a theory, it is a non-standard one, and its acceptance would have some far-reaching consequences.
As one might expect, the theory is similar to others in various ways. But it is not the same as any of them. Indeed, it is
a radically new theory. Like Hume’s ethics, it is founded on our natural sociability, and feelings of empathy for others.
Like Aristotle’s theory, it incorporates an ethics of virtue. Like Kant’s theory, it regards the set of moral principles as
those appropriate for a socially ideal society. But unlike Kant’s theory, it is essentially utilitarian. I call it ‘social
contractual utilitarianism’. 相似文献
8.
Jessica A. Lohnberg 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):113-122
In the last two decades, emerging research has focused on advancing the explanations of how chronic pain becomes disabling.
The fear-avoidance model of pain suggests that fear of reinjury in chronic pain patients leads to avoidance of certain movements
that subsequently results in more pain and disability from that lack of movement. The literature supporting this model of
pain and disability has allowed specific therapeutic interventions to be developed aimed at reducing pain-related fears in
an attempt to reduce the physical symptoms and disability of chronic pain. Studies using cognitive-behavioral interventions
to reduce fear-avoidance beliefs are reviewed and the treatments are evaluated based on the studies’ effectiveness. The author
concludes that graded exposure in vivo appears to be the most effective treatment for chronic pain in individuals with increased
fear and avoidance. 相似文献
9.
This longitudinal investigation examined the effects of maternal depression and concomitant negative parenting behaviors on
children’s emotion regulation patterns and socioemotional functioning. One hundred fifty-one mothers and their children were
assessed when children were approximately 1 1/2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-years of age. Ninety-three of the children had mothers with
a history of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) that had occurred within the first 21 months of the child’s birth, and 58 of
the children had mothers without any history of MDD. Early-occurring Initial maternal depression predicted children’s dysregulated
emotion patterns at age 4 and decreased perceived competence ratings at age 5. Initial maternal depression also indirectly
predicted decreased child social acceptance ratings at age 5 through its association with dysregulated emotion patterns. Furthermore,
the relation between maternal depression and children’s decreased social acceptance was more pronounced in those offspring
with a history of high versus low maternal negativity exposure. Findings increase understanding of the processes by which
maternal depression confers risk on children’s socioemotional adjustment. 相似文献
10.
Carl Baker 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2011,14(4):445-455
Simon Blackburn’s expressivist logic of attitudes aims to explain how we can use non-assertoric moral judgements in logically
valid arguments. Patricia Marino has recently argued that Blackburn’s logic faces a dilemma: either it cannot account for
the place of moral dilemmas in moral reasoning or, if it can, it makes an illicit distinction between two different kinds
of moral dilemma. Her target is the logic’s definition of validity as satisfiability, according to which validity requires
an avoidance of attitudinal inconsistency. Against Marino’s arguments, I contend that expressivists following Blackburn are able to show how we appreciate the validity of arguments found in dilemma-contexts, and that Marino’s argument concerning
the distinction between contingent moral dilemmas and logical moral dilemmas rests on a mistake concerning the logical representation
of a contingent dilemma. 相似文献
11.
Sara F. Waters Elita A. Virmani Ross A. Thompson Sara Meyer H. Abigail Raikes Rachel Jochem 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(1):37-47
This study examined the association between the security of attachment and processes influencing the development of emotion
regulation in young children. A sample of 73 4 1/2-year-olds and their mothers were observed in an emotion regulation probe
involving mild frustration for children, and mothers and children were later independently interviewed about how the child
had felt. Fewer than half the mothers agreed with children’s self-reports in the emotion they attributed to children (a lower
rate than the concordance of observer ratings with children’s self-reports), and higher mother-child concordance was associated
with secure attachment and mother’s beliefs about the importance of attending to and accepting their own emotions. Mother-child
conversations about recent events evoking children’s negative emotion were also analyzed. Children were less likely to avoid
conversing about negative feelings when they were in secure attachments and when mothers were more validating of the child’s
perspective. Children’s greater understanding of negative emotions was also significantly associated with higher mother-child
concordance and less child conversational avoidance. Taken together, these findings underscore the multiple influences of
attachment on emotion regulation and the importance of children’s emotion understanding to these processes. 相似文献
12.
Abdul Khaleque 《Psychological studies》2012,57(1):95-100
This study explored relations among perceived acceptance and behavioral control by intimate partners, remembrances of parents’
acceptance and behavioral control in childhood, and adults’ psychological adjustment. The study was conducted on 98 American
adults (50 men and 48 women) between ages 18 and 50 (mean 26 years). Measures used were the Adult version of the Parental
Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire for Mothers and Fathers(Adult PARQ/Control: Mother and Father); Intimate Partner
Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire (IPAR/CQ); and, the Adult version of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Adult
PAQ). Results showed significant positive correlations between psychological adjustment and perceived partner acceptance and
parental acceptance for both women and men. Results also showed significant negative correlations between psychological adjustment
and perceived partner control and parental control for both women and men. Regression analyses, however, revealed a significant
independent effect of only paternal acceptance (but not of maternal and partner acceptance) on the psychological adjustment
of men. Regression analyses also revealed significant independent effects of both paternal and maternal acceptance (but not
partner acceptance) on the psychological adjustment of women. 相似文献
13.
14.
Marian Broda 《Studies in East European Thought》2010,62(1):29-40
There lies at the basis of Leont’ev’s conception a clear distinction and fundamental division of two primary dimensions and
rhythms of reality: history and eschatology. In the light of this Leont’evian perspective Dostoevskij’s conception was interpreted
and critically evaluated through the prism of the absence in it, and the lack of awareness of the consequence thereof, of
a similar, fundamental distinction. The centrality of Dostoevskij in the Russian and intellectual cultural tradition is, among
other things, tied to his acceptance of a series of fundamental and constitutive assumptions deeply rooted in a characteristic
sphere of myths and illusions. The specificity of the place and significance of Leont’ev’s concepts within this tradition
results from the fact that it takes a critical distance, giving thus the possibility of conceiving an essentially different
problematization of the world extending beyond commonly established and naturalized obviousness of the principles and ‘prejudices’
of one’s own culture. 相似文献
15.
Bell DR 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2003,24(5):381-393
In his paper, “The Relevance of Rawls’ Principle of Justice for Research on Cognitively Impaired Patients” (Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 23 (2002):45–53), Giovanni Maio has developed athought-provoking argument for the permissibility of non-therapeutic research
on cognitively impaired patients. Maio argues that his conclusion follows from the acceptance of John Rawls’s principles of
justice, specifically, Rawls’s “liberty principle” Maio has misinterpreted Rawls’s “libertyprinciple” – correctly interpreted
it does notsupport non-therapeutic research on cognitivelyimpaired patients. Three other ‘Rawlsian’ arguments are suggested
by Maio’s discussion –two “self-respect” arguments and a “presumed consent” argument – but none of them are convincing. However,
an alternative argument developed from Rawls’s discussion of “justice in health care” in his most recent book, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, may justify certain kinds of non-therapeutic research on some cognitively impaired patients in special circumstances. We
should not expect anything more permissive from a liberal theory of justice.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
《Behavior research methods》2009,41(1):236-243
Brazilian researchers have not been provided with instruments with which to investigate body image avoidance behaviors. The
aim of this study was to translate and validate the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) for Brazil. The translation,
synthesis, back-translation, Brazilian questionnaire formulation, and pretest were carried out in the first phase of the study.
The study of the scale’s psychometric properties was conducted in the second phase of the study. Brazilian BIAQ has 13 items
and good adjustment indexes. There was a greater adherence to the sampling data in the model in which the avoidance of body
image is maintained by control strategies, by the refusal of body exposure, and by strategies that accommodate tension. This
work is expected to enable the comparison of international data and the performance of multicultural studies on body avoidance
behavior, expanding research possibilities in Brazil and worldwide. 相似文献
17.
Michal Al-Yagon 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(5):569-584
This study examined a cumulative model of risk/protective factors at the individual level (child’s sense of coherence; attachment
with father) and family level as manifested by fathers’ emotional resources (fathers’ negative/positive affect; attachment
avoidance/anxiety), to explain socioemotional adjustment among children age 8–12 years with or without learning disabilities
(LD). Participants were 205 father–child dyads: 107 fathers and their children with LD; 98 fathers and their non-LD children.
Preliminary analyses indicated significant group differences on all child measures. Path analysis revealed high fit between
the theoretical model and empirical findings; moreover, the model’s components revealed partially different patterns of relations
for the two populations. Thus, the current study suggested the potentially important role of fathers’ positive and negative
affect and fathers’ avoidant and anxious attachment for children’s socioemotional and behavioral adjustment and children’s
mediating variables. Discussion focused on understanding the value of these fathers’ emotional factors and their children’s
characteristics for well-adjusted functioning. 相似文献
18.
Standard individual difference antecedents of two stages in the case study assessment process were determined in a sample of 305 students. We found that antecedents to the problem identification and analysis stages of case assessment differed. Specifically, we tested intelligence and personality traits as the predictors and found that openness to experience was significantly positively correlated with an individual’s score on problem identification and that general intelligence was significantly positively correlated with an individual’s score on analysis. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between extraversion and agreeableness and an individual’s analysis score and a significant negative relationship between conscientiousness and an individual’s score on problem identification. Moreover, intelligence and conscientiousness interacted to predict an individual’s analysis score with high conscientiousness partially compensating for an individual’s relatively low intelligence. 相似文献
19.
Ronald D. Taylor Elizabeth I. Lopez Mia Budescu Rebecca Kang McGill 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):474-485
Association of socially demanding kin relations, mother’s emotional support, behavioral control/monitoring, family organization
and psychological control with adolescent’s internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed in 200 economically disadvantaged,
African American mothers and adolescents. Demanding kin relations and mother’s psychological control were positively associated
with adolescent’s internalizing problems. Demanding kin relations also moderated the association of control/monitoring, family
organization, and psychological control, with internalizing. For mothers with more demanding kin relations, increased control/monitoring
was associated with increased adolescent internalizing. In comparison, increased control/monitoring was associated with decreased
adolescent internalizing for mothers with less demanding kin relations. Negative association of family organization with internalizing
was more apparent for mothers with more compared to less demanding kin relations. Positive association of mother’s psychological
control with internalizing was more apparent for mothers with more compared to less socially demanding kin relations. Demanding
kin relations and mother’s psychological control were positively associated with adolescent’s externalizing problems. Mother’s
emotional support and family organization were negatively associated with externalizing. Also, negative association of family
organization with externalizing was more apparent for families with more compared to less demanding kin relations. The need
for research on the factors associated with negative relation with kin was discussed. 相似文献
20.
Wegner's Theory of Ironic Processes has been applied to study the effects of cognitive strategies to control pain. Research suggests that suppression contributes to a more distressing pain experience. Recently, the acceptance-based approach has been proposed as an alternative to cognitive control. This study assessed the tolerance time, the distress and the perceived pain intensity in three groups (suppression, acceptance and spontaneous coping groups) when the participants were exposed to a cold pressor procedure. Two hundred and nineteen undergraduates volunteered to participate. The suppression group showed the shortest tolerance time and the acceptance group showed the longest tolerance time. The acceptance group showed pain and distress immersion ratings that were significantly lower than in the other two groups, between which the differences were not significant. In the first recovery period, the suppression group showed pain and distress ratings that were higher than in the other two groups. In the second recovery period, although the acceptance group showed pain and distress ratings that were significantly lower than in the other two groups, the suppression and the spontaneous coping groups did not differ. The presence of a 'rebound' of physical discomfort and the effects of suppression on behavioural avoidance are discussed. These results support the acceptance approach in the management of pain. 相似文献