浅析科学家信仰宗教的原因

在科学发展史上,信仰宗教的科学家大有人在,如哥白尼、伽利略、莱布尼兹、牛顿、达尔文、普朗克、海森堡、爱因斯坦等。英国著名科学史家亚·沃尔夫指出“:近代科学的先驱者们实际上都笃信宗教,事实上都是基督教的儿子。”法国科学史家康德利的研究表明:法国巴黎科学院自1666年     

著名科学家庄逢甘逝世

著名科学家、杰出的社会活动家、中国科学院资深院士、中国航天科技集团公司、中国航天科工集团公司高级技术顾问、《科学与无神论》杂志顾问,庄逢甘先生于2010年11月8日在京逝世。庄逢甘自20世纪50年代参加航天工作以来,一直关注航天事业,     

著名科学家何泽慧逝世

何泽慧，是我国原子能之父，“两弹一星功勋奖章”获得者钱三强夫人。 何泽慧，著名物理学家，中国科学院资深院士，中国人民政治协商会议第五、六、七届全国委员，空间科学学会原常务理事，中国科学院高能物理研究所原副所长.     

著名科学家朱光亚逝世

中国共产党的优秀党员，忠诚的共产主义战士，杰出的科学家，我国核科学事业的主要开拓者之一，中国科学院、中国工程院资深院士，中国科学技术协会名誉主席、原主席，中国工程院原院长、党组书记，中国人民政治协商会议第八届、九届全国委员会副主席，     

著名科学家钱伟长逝世

<正>著名科学家、教育家,杰出的社会活动家,中国科学院资深院士、上海大学校长,《科学与无神论》杂志顾问,钱伟长在上海逝世。2007年5月14     

无神论与有神论的对话

在20世纪八九十年代,基本上是“有神论有人讲,无神论无人讲”。这样,基督教发展到我们眼皮底下(党校宿舍院)而无人敢过问,唯恐违反宗教信仰自由政策。我们认为,人家有在教内宣传有神论的自由,我们有在教外(社会上、人群中)宣传无神论的自由——不过这个宣传要有点“由头”;不然,凭空“开讲”是没人听的。有一家信点佛教的老人,她家是什么神也信,屋内既供着观音菩萨,也供着财神灶君。这一天,她也想“赶时兴”加入基督教,教方牧师说,欢迎你“信了主”。     

海克尔论有神论与泛神论的对立

在《宇宙之谜》第十五章《神和世界》中,海克尔着重论述有神论与泛神论的对立。 “几千年来,人类把神概念下的动因看成是一切现象最终和最高的本源”。这里“简略地谈谈神的观念的最重要的论点,以及与我们今天由纯自然认识所决定的世界观的关系”。“如果我们去掉神的形象上的色彩鲜艳的华丽外衣,只注重其最主要的内容的话,我们就能把所有形形色色关于神的     

"风水论"是世俗形态的有神论

在如今这个民主而多元的时代,人们的主张和观念也跟着丰富多彩,甚至陆离光怪起来。比如说吧,在如何选房、购房上,有人明摆着现成专家的论说不信,却偏偏信奉“风水”瞽说。笔者一位有博士头衔的友人,看上了一套无论就房型、区位、环境还是价格而言,都是不错的房子,在最终拍板前他鬼使神差地重金请来风水先生“相地”。勘察一番后,这位风水先生掐算了友人夫妇生辰八字,     

毛泽东的信仰轨迹：从有神论到无神论

1893年,毛泽东出生在湖南一个偏僻闭塞的山村,像大多数中国农村妇女一样,母亲高氏信佛。因为头两个孩子在襁褓中夭折,所以毛泽东出生后,高氏曾多方祈求神佛保佑,虔诚吃“观音斋”。关于童年的生活,毛泽东说:“我父亲早年和中年都不信神,可是我母亲却是一个虔诚的佛教徒。她向自     

社会作用视角下有神论现象的划分探析

宗教是典型的有神论现象,但不是有神论现象的全部。在社会作用视角下,以兼具积极与消极双重作用的宗教作为参照物,可以有效地对其他有神论现象进行辨析。鬼神迷信现象具备宗教的形式,对精神文明建设和科学宣传产生消极影响;邪教和宗教极端主义打着宗教旗号,蒙蔽、愚弄群众,煽动追随者从事非法犯罪活动,对社会造成重大危害;民间信仰作为传统非制度化的有神论信仰现象,既不是传统宗教也不是封建迷信,能够发挥文化传承、文化交流等积极社会作用,也可能被其他有神论利用发挥消极的社会作用。依据社会功能划分各类有神论现象,能够有效辨别宗教与其他有神论现象,有利于党和政府依法对有神论现象进行精细化管理,提高宗教事务治理法治化水平。     

Brief Report: Some Possible Uses Of Factor Analysis In Multivariate Studies

Factor analysis is used in item selection in the hopes of producing a small number of factors each of which will represent a unidimensional sub- scale. If item analysis has been successful in producing truly independent subscales, it might be hoped that the number of factors would equal the number of subscales and that each factor would be highly defined by a single subscale. Factor analysis when used in studies of organization, is not assumed to produce factors that represent unidimensional scales. Rather, factor analysis is used to reveal various substructures that exist within an organization. If several variables are loaded on a single factor, the variables can be regarded as nodes of interaction between measured dimensions of organization.     

Reason and Love: A Non-Reductive Analysis of the Normativity of Agent-Relative Reasons

Why do agent-relative reasons have authority over us, reflective creatures? Reductive accounts base the normativity of agent-relative reasons on agent-neutral considerations like ‘having parents caring especially for their own children serves best the interests of all children’. Such accounts, however, beg the question about the source of normativity of agent-relative ways of reason-giving. In this paper, I argue for a non-reductive account of the reflective necessity of agent-relative concerns. Such an account will reveal an important structural complexity of practical reasoning in general. Christine Korsgaard relates the rational binding force of practical reasons to the various identities or self-conceptions under which we value ourselves. The problem is that it is not clear why such self-conceptions would necessitate us rationally, given the fact that most of our identities are simply given. Perhaps, Harry Frankfurt is right in arguing that we are not only necessitated by reason, but also, and predominantly by what we love. I argue, however, that “the necessities of love” (in Frankfurt’s phrase) are not to be separated from, but should be seen as belonging to the necessities of reason. Our loves, concerns and related identities provide for a specific and important structure to practical reflection. They function on the background of reasoning, having a specific default role: they would lose their character as concerns, if there was a need for them to be cited on the foreground of deliberation or if there was a need to justify them. This does not mean that our deep concerns cannot be scrutinised. They can only be scrutinised in an indirect way, however, which explains their role in grounding the normativity of agent-relative reasons. It appears that this account can provide for a viable interpretation of Korsgaard’s argument about the foundational role of practical identities.     

简析休谟的自由观

休谟关于自由有三种表述:自发自由、中立自由和自由.其中,自发自由就是自由,两者都与强制对立,与必然一致,而中立自由则是必然的缺无.他采取相容论立场,认为一个行动既是有原因的,又是自由的,一方面通过批驳中立自由巩固心理决定论,另一方面通过反驳彻底决定论在宗教上的运用以巩固自由学说,最终让心理决定论和自由学说一起为责任奠基.然而,他所肯定的不受强制反而模糊了自由的含义,并且,他的调和策略由于避开了相容论的关键问题,因而也值得商榷.这一切都源于他的经验论立场.     

Reason and the Heart: A Prolegomenon to a Critique of Passional Reason

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion -     

略论《管子》的法的价值思想

《管子》蕴涵了丰富的政治、法律思想.在其法律思想中,它对法的价值的探讨包括理性渊源、功利性、工具性和道德性,全面而且系统.《管子》的法的价值思想在中国法律思想史上,甚至在世界法律思想发展史上具有重要的地位.     

《清微道法枢纽》简析

本文通过对《清微道法枢纽》四部分内容的简析 ,梳理了宋代新出的道教符派清微派雷法思想的理论依据、行法具体方式 ,以及学法之人所应遵守的基本准则和行为规范 ,阐明“以内炼为本 ,符为用”这一清微派雷法思想的核心     

Scientists Admitting to Plagiarism: A Meta-analysis of Surveys

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of anonymous surveys asking scientists whether they ever committed various forms of plagiarism. From May to December 2011 we searched 35 bibliographic databases, five grey literature databases and hand searched nine journals for potentially relevant studies. We included surveys that asked scientists if, in a given recall period, they had committed or knew of a colleague who committed plagiarism, and from each survey extracted the proportion of those who reported at least one case. Studies that focused on academic (i.e. student) plagiarism were excluded. Literature searches returned 12,460 titles from which 17 relevant survey studies were identified. Meta-analysis of studies reporting committed (N = 7) and witnessed (N = 11) plagiarism yielded a pooled estimate of, respectively, 1.7 % (95 % CI 1.2–2.4) and 30 % (95 % CI 17–46). Basic methodological factors, including sample size, year of survey, delivery method and whether survey questions were explicit rather than indirect made a significant difference on survey results. Even after controlling for these methodological factors, between-study differences in admission rates were significantly above those expected by sampling error alone and remained largely unexplained. Despite several limitations of the data and of this meta-analysis, we draw three robust conclusions: (1) The rate at which scientists report knowing a colleague who committed plagiarism is higher than for data fabrication and falsification; (2) The rate at which scientists report knowing a colleague who committed plagiarism is correlated to that of fabrication and falsification; (3) The rate at which scientists admit having committed either form of misconduct (i.e. fabrication, falsification and plagiarism) in surveys has declined over time.     

天主教视野中的胚胎生命浅析

圣经和教会官方都没有断定胚胎是人,但都要求将胚胎象人一样对待;天主教内学者们在胚胎何时是人这个问题上观点并不一致,理由各异。天主教视阈中要求尊重胚胎的理由也许不能为世俗学者所接受,因为其话语体系、理论基础和问题视角等方面存在很大不同,但是二者的对话是必要而且可能的。