共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Joseph LaPorte 《Philosophical Studies》2006,130(2):321-336
Here I defend the position that some singular terms for properties are rigid designators, responding to Stephen P. Schwartz’s
interesting criticisms of that position. First, I argue that my position does not depend on ontological parsimony with respect
to properties – e.g., there is no need to claim that there are only natural properties – to get around the problem of “unusual
properties.” Second, I argue that my position does not confuse sameness of meaning across possible worlds with sameness of
designation, or rigid designation. Third, I argue that my position does not founder by way of failing to assign rigidity the
work of grounding a posteriori necessity.
I thank Steve Schwartz and Bernard Linsky for helpful feedback on this
paper 相似文献
2.
Donald Capps 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(5):619-631
In a previous article (Capps 2011) I discussed a short story and essay I wrote in high school and showed that themes that had figured prominently in my later
writings were prefigured in these earlier writings. Invoking John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress (1957) I concluded that the high school boy who lives inside of me has been my faithful companion throughout the years. In this
article I focus on a sermon I preached in my senior year of high school and on several poems I wrote that year. The sermon
and poems reflect my interest at the time in the harmful effects of silence on human relationships. An article that focused
on the son of Saint Augustine (Capps 1990b) signaled my return to the issue of silence after a thirty-year hiatus. My subsequent reading of Alice Miller’s Breaking Down the Wall of Silence (1991) and The Truth Shall Set You Free (2001) helped me to understand why silence had been a personal issue for me. It also encouraged me to listen to the fledgling poet
who lives within me and to appreciate his insights concerning silence and love. 相似文献
3.
Noel Gough 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2007,26(3):279-294
This essay juxtaposes concepts created by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari with worlds imagined by Ursula Le Guin in a performance
of ‘rhizosemiotic play’ that explores some possible ways of generating and sustaining what William Pinar calls ‘complicated
conversation’ within the regime of signs that constitutes an increasingly internationalized curriculum field. Deleuze and
Guattari analyze thinking as flows or movements across space. They argue, for example, that every mode of intellectual inquiry
needs to account for the plane of immanence upon which it operates—the preconceptual field presupposed by the concepts that inquiry creates. Curriculum inquiry currently
operates on numerous nationally distinctive planes of immanence. I argue that the internationalization of curriculum studies
should not presume a singular transnational plane of immanence but, rather, envisage a process performed by curriculum scholars
with the capacities and competencies to change planes—to move between one plane of immanence and another and/or to transform their own planes. My essay is a ‘narrative experiment’
that takes seriously Deleuze’s argument that a work of philosophy should be, in part, a kind of science fiction, and also
takes inspiration from Le Guin’s science fictional stories of ‘changing planes’ to generate productive and disruptive transnational
agendas in curriculum inquiry.
Noel Gough is a Foundation Professor of Outdoor and Environmental Education and Head of the School of Outdoor Education and Environment at La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia. His current research focuses on the diverse implications of globalization, internationalization and multiculturalism for education, and on refining poststructuralist research methodologies in education, with particular reference to curriculum inquiry, environmental education, and science education. He is coeditor (with William Doll) of Curriculum Visions (Peter Lang 2002) and the founding editor of Transnational Curriculum Inquiry, the journal of the International Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies. 相似文献
Noel GoughEmail: |
Noel Gough is a Foundation Professor of Outdoor and Environmental Education and Head of the School of Outdoor Education and Environment at La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia. His current research focuses on the diverse implications of globalization, internationalization and multiculturalism for education, and on refining poststructuralist research methodologies in education, with particular reference to curriculum inquiry, environmental education, and science education. He is coeditor (with William Doll) of Curriculum Visions (Peter Lang 2002) and the founding editor of Transnational Curriculum Inquiry, the journal of the International Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies. 相似文献
4.
Alan Hájek 《Erkenntnis》2009,70(2):211-235
This is the sequel to my “Fifteen Arguments Against Finite Frequentism” (Erkenntnis 1997), the second half of a long paper that attacks the two main forms of frequentism about probability. Hypothetical frequentism
asserts:
相似文献
The probability of an attribute A in a reference class B is p iff the limit of the relative frequency of A’s among the B’s would be p if there were an infinite sequence of B’s.I offer fifteen arguments against this analysis. I consider various frequentist responses, which I argue ultimately fail. I end with a positive proposal of my own, ‘hyper-hypothetical frequentism’, which I argue avoids several of the problems with hypothetical frequentism. It identifies probability with relative frequency in a hyperfinite sequence of trials. However, I argue that this account also fails, and that the prospects for frequentism are dim.
Alan HájekEmail: |
5.
Michael Wolff 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2010,41(2):359-371
In an earlier article (see J Gen Philos Sci (2010) 41: 341–355) I have compared Aristotle’s syllogistic with Kant’s theory
of “pure ratiocination”. “Ratiocinia pura” („reine Vernunftschlüsse“) is Kant’s designation for assertoric syllogisms Aristotle has called ‘perfect’. In Kant’s view
they differ from non-pure ratiocinia precisely in that their validity rests only on the validity of the Dictum de omni et nullo (which, however, in Kant’s view can be further reduced to more fundamental principles) whereas the validity of non-pure ratiocinia additionally presupposes the validity of inferences which Kant calls consequentiae immediatae. I have argued that Kant’s view is in some (not in all) essential features in accordance with Aristotle’s view concerning
perfect syllogisms and certainly leading to a tenable and interesting logical theory. As a result I have rejected not only
the interpretation of Aristotle adopted by Theodor Ebert, but also the objections he has raised against Kant’s logical theory.
As far as Aristotle is concerned, Ebert has attempted to defend his position in the first part of his reply to my article
published in J Gen Philos Sci (2009) 40: 357–365, and I have argued against this defence in issue 1 of the J Gen Philos Sci (2010) 41: 199–213 (cf. Ebert’s answer
in the same issue pp. 215–231). In the following discussion I deal with Eberts defence of his criticism of Kant published
in the second part of his reply to my article (see J Gen Philos Sci (2009) 40: 365–372). I shall argue, that Kant’s principle ‘nota notae est nota rei ipsius’ and his use of technical vocabulary stand up to the objections raised by Ebert. His attempts to prove that Kant’s logical
theory is defective are based on several misinterpretations. 相似文献
6.
Donald Capps 《Pastoral Psychology》2007,55(5):571-591
This article, companion to my article, “Augustine’s Confessions: The Story of a Divided Self and the Process of Its Unification” (Capps, 2007), focuses on psychoanalytic studies of Augustine’s Confessions, giving particular attention to his tendency to engage in self-reproach. The psychodynamic meanings of such self-reproach
are explored, and the proposal is made that his Confessions reveal both narcissistic personality trends (in which shame plays a major role) and a melancholy self (in which the mother-son
relationship is central). 相似文献
7.
Sebastian Enqvist 《Erkenntnis》2010,72(3):315-335
In the paper “On the role of the research agenda in epistemic change”, Olsson and Westlund have suggested that the notion
of epistemic state employed in the standard framework of belief revision (Alchourrón et al. 1985; G?rdenfors 1988) should be extended to include a representation of the agent’s research agenda (Olsson and Westlund 2006). The resulting framework will here be referred to as interrogative belief revision. In this paper, I attempt to deal with the problem of how research agendas should change in contraction, a problem largely left open by Olsson and Westlund. Two desiderata of an appropriate solution are suggested: one is a principle of continuity, stating that changes in the research agenda should somehow reflect that certain long term research interests are kept fixed. The other desideratum, which is based on part of Olsson and Westlund’s motivation for
adding research agendas to the epistemic states, is that we should be able to account for how contraction may serve to open
up new, fruitful hypotheses for investigation. In order to achieve these desiderata, I base my solution on a revised version of Olsson and Westlund’s notion of epistemic state. 相似文献
8.
Daniel Cohnitz 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2006,37(2):373-392
Summary In their paper, ‘When are thought experiments poor ones?’ (Peijnenburg and David Atkinson, 2003, Journal of General Philosophy of Science 34, 305-322.), Jeanne Peijnenburg and David Atkinson argue that most, if not all, philosophical thought experiments are “poor”
ones with “disastrous consequences” and that they share the property of being poor with some (but not all) scientific thought
experiments. Noting that unlike philosophy, the sciences have the resources to avoid the disastrous consequences, Peijnenburg
and Atkinson come to the conclusion that the use of thought experiments in science is in general more successful than in philosophy
and that instead of concocting more “recherché” thought experiments, philosophy should try to be more empirical. In this comment
I will argue that Peijnenburg’s and Atkinson’s view on thought experiments is based on a misleading characterization of both,
the dialectical situation in philosophy as well as the history of physics. By giving an adequate account of what the discussion
in contemporary philosophy is about, we will arrive at a considerably different evaluation of philosophical thought experiments.
For I am convinced that we now find ourselves at an altogether decisive turning point in philosophy, and that we are objectively justified in considering that an end has come to the fruitless conflict of systems. We are already at the present time, in my opinion, in possession of methods which make any such conflict in principle unnecessary. What is now required is their resolute application. (Schlick, ‘The Turning Point in Philosophy’, 1930/1959, p. 54).相似文献
9.
Peter Janich 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2008,39(1):121-130
The critique of my protophysical approaches to operational foundation of geometry by Lucas Amiras (Journal for General Philosophy of Science Vol. 34 (2003)) concerns my first publication from 1976 but not the further 30 years of work. It does not offer any argument leading
from the (erroneous) judgement “lacking success” to the conclusion “impossible”. And it is, in general, based on a philosophical
defect: it ignores the principle of methodical order as leading for constructivist protophysics. 相似文献
10.
Martha Nussbaum 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(4):463-506
John Fischer challenges me to defend my arguments regarding the badness of death; I sharpen my position, but make some concessions,
discussing the possibility of postmortem harm. In response to John Deigh, I defend the account of disgust given in Hiding from Humanity, together with the research of Paul Rozin that I follow there. I discuss Patrick Devlin’s conservative position, agree that
we need to object to its emphasis on solidarity, not only to its emphasis on disgust, and argue that Deigh’s statement of
Devlin’s position is too kind to Devlin. In response to Henry Richardson, I summarize my reasons for thinking that the classical
social contract tradition cannot handle well the problems posed by the issue of justice for people with disabilities, and
that even Rawls’s position requires major modification if it is to do so. I explore differences between Richardson’s position
and my own on the issues of self-respect, liberty, and primary goods. 相似文献
11.
Kristjan Laasik 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2011,10(4):439-459
12.
Can’t We All Just be Compatibilists?: A Critical Study of John Martin Fischer’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">My Way</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
John Perry 《The Journal of Ethics》2008,12(2):157-166
My aim in this study is not to praise Fischer's fine theory of moral responsibility, but to (try to) bury the “semi” in “semicompatibilism”.
I think Fischer gives the Consequence Argument (CA) too much credit, and gives himself too little credit. In his book, The Metaphysics of Free Will, Fischer gave the CA as good a statement as it will ever get, and put his finger on what is wrong with it. Then he declared
stalemate rather than victory. In my view, Fischer’s view amounts to sophisticated compatibilism. It would be nice to be able
to call it by its right name. In The Metaphysics of Free Will, Fischer develops his own version of Consequence Argument, which turns on two principles, one of which is the fixity of the
past. FP: For any action Y, agent S and time t, if it is true that is S were to do Y at t, some fact about that past relative to t would not have been a fact, then S cannot at t do Y at t. I argue that the equipment needed to reject FP (and thereby defend the most plausible version of compatibilism) is needed
to deal with the problem of fatalism. In addition, I argue that the rejection of FP is compatible with Fischer’s approach
to Frankfurt cases and with his account of transfer principles. 相似文献
13.
Donald Capps 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(3):437-449
This article elaborates on my earlier contention that poetry and pastoral care have a great deal in common (Capps, The Poet’s Gift, 1993) by focusing on Joyce Kilmer’s well-known poem “Trees.” I use this poem to support the metaphorical association of trees
and human beings and to advocate for the pastoral image of the upholder. A brief sketch of Kilmer’s life is presented, and parodies of the poem are used to address the question whether pens are
mightier than swords (a question that Kilmer’s own life as a poet and soldier also evokes). The article concludes with Denise
Levertov’s poem “From Below” which, together with Kilmer’s “Trees,” illumines the image of the pastor as ordained to be the
upholder of the community and of the individuals who comprise it. 相似文献
14.
Roger Harris 《Axiomathes》2010,20(4):461-478
There are, broadly, three sorts of account of intrinsicality: ‘self-sufficiency’, ‘essentiality’ and ‘pure qualitativeness’.
I argue for the last of these, and urge that we take intrinsic properties of concrete objects to be all and only those shared
by actual or possible duplicates, which only differ extrinsically. This approach gains support from Francescotti’s approach:
defining ‘intrinsic’ in contradistinction to extrinsic properties which ‘consist in’ relations which rule out intrinsicality.
I answer Weatherson’s criticisms of Francescotti, but, to answer criticisms of my own, I amend his account, proposing that
possession of an extrinsic property consists in a relation to one or more actual or possible distinct concrete objects. Finally I indicate ways to avoid some apparent objections to this account. 相似文献
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17.
Charles Chihara 《Synthese》2010,176(2):153-175
The present paper will argue that, for too long, many nominalists have concentrated their researches on the question of whether
one could make sense of applications of mathematics (especially in science) without presupposing the existence of mathematical objects. This was, no doubt, due to the enormous
influence of Quine’s “Indispensability Argument”, which challenged the nominalist to come up with an explanation of how science
could be done without referring to, or quantifying over, mathematical objects. I shall admonish nominalists to enlarge the
target of their investigations to include the many uses mathematicians make of concepts such as structures and models to advance
pure mathematics. I shall illustrate my reasons for admonishing nominalists to strike out in these new directions by using Hartry Field’s
nominalistic view of mathematics as a model of a philosophy of mathematics that was developed in just the sort of way I argue
one should guard against. I shall support my reasons by providing grounds for rejecting both Field’s fictionalism and also
his deflationist account of mathematical knowledge—doctrines that were formed largely in response to the Indispensability
Argument. I shall then give a refutation of Mark Balaguer’s argument for his thesis that fictionalism is “the best version
of anti-realistic anti-platonism”. 相似文献
18.
The current prospective study investigated transactional relations between maternal depressive symptoms and children’s depressive
and externalizing symptoms. Participants included 240 children (M age = 11.86 years, SD = 0.56; 53.9% female) and their mothers who were part of a 6-year longitudinal study. Measures of maternal depression (Beck
Depression Inventory), child depression (Children’s Depression Inventory), and children’s externalizing symptoms (Youth Self-Report
Form) were assessed annually. Data analyses using dynamic latent difference score structural equation models indicated that
the observed relations between mothers’ and adolescents’ symptoms were stable across the 6 years. Higher levels of maternal
depressive symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in children’s depressive symptoms and in their externalizing problems
over time. Among mothers with high initial levels of depression, children’s depressive symptoms predicted subsequent declines
in mothers’ depressive symptoms. Children’s externalizing problems were not related to subsequent change in maternal symptoms. 相似文献
19.
Aaron Rizzieri 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2011,70(3):217-229
It is commonly held that epistemic standards for S’s knowledge that p are affected by practical considerations, such as what is at stake in decisions that are guided by that p. I defend a particular view as to why this is, that is referred to as “pragmatic encroachment.” I then discuss a “new argument
against miracles” that uses stakes considerations in order to explore the conditions under which stakes affect the level of
epistemic support that is required for knowledge. Finally, I generalize my results to include other religiously significant
propositions such as “God exists” and “God does not exist.” 相似文献
20.
Alan H. Goldman 《The Journal of Ethics》2012,16(1):35-37
This is a response to Joshua Gert’s criticisms of my book Reasons from Within and defense of his own contrasting position. 相似文献