German Philosophy and German Psychological Warfare

The effects of pretesting upon group risk taking were investigated with 68 undergraduate sociology students. Comparisons were made of four treatment conditions: (a) with pretest and group discussion, (b) with pretest but without group discussion, (c) with group discussion but without pretest, and (d) with neither pretest nor group discussion. Posttest scores on choice dilemma questionnaire items showed a risky shift following group discussion, but failed to show any main effects of pretesting or any significant pretesting × discussion interaction effects. These results fail to replicate the findings of Castore, but they are in harmony with other studies. It is concluded that effects of pretesting upon the group-induced shift toward risk are probably not substantial.     

German Abstract

The magnitude of the cultivation effect for perceptual estimates of social reality has been shown to be affected by a number of contextual factors such as source priming and motivation to process information during judgment construction, and these contextual factors have been linked to the use of heuristic processing strategies when constructing judgments of frequency and probability ( L. J. Shrum, in press ). An experiment that manipulated data collection method explored the implications of these findings. A random sample of general population respondents were randomly assigned to either telephone or mail survey conditions. Because telephone surveys generally result in greater heuristic processing than mail surveys, telephone surveys were expected to produce larger cultivation effects than mail surveys. Results showed that not only were the magnitude of the estimates of affluence, crime, vice, marital discord, and occupations generally greater in the telephone than in the mail survey but the correlation of the estimates with amount of viewing was also greater in the telephone than in the mail survey. The implications for measuring the cultivation effect are discussed.     

Kant and German idealisms

This paper considers whether Hegel's master/slave dialectic in the Phenomenology of Spirit should be considered as a refutation of solipsism. It focuses on a recent and detailed attempt to argue for this sort of reading that has been proposed by Frederick Beiser – but it argues that this reading is unconvincing, both in the historical motivations given for it in the work of Jacobi and Fichte, and as an interpretation of the text itself. An alternative reading of the dialectic is proposed, where it is argued that the central problem Hegel is concerned with is not solipsism, but the sociality of freedom.     

德国古典哲学的社会主义之路

马克思的社会主义思想是其政治哲学思想的重要内容。德国古典哲学对马克思的社会主义思想形成和建构有重大影响。从康德到黑格尔,德国古典哲学的发展贯穿着一个重要的思想线索,即对自由主义意识形态以及资本主义现代性的批判和内在超越。这一过程以康德哲学为起点,经过费希特,最后在黑格尔哲学中得到系统地铺陈和展开。社会主义和共产主义对马克思来说不是外来的,而是内生于马克思所批判继承的德国古典哲学传统之中。在这个意义上,恩格斯说:“如果先前没有德国哲学,特别是黑格尔哲学,那么德国科学社会主义,即自古迄今唯一的科学社会主义,便…     

德国保守主义:一种现代性话语

本文选取德语世界中研究保守主义的几位著名学者卡尔·曼海姆、马丁·格莱芬、哈根和库尔特·伦克的研究成果作为重点考察对象,一方面对有关保守主义的不同定义进行阐述,揭示德国保守主义发生的特殊性,另一方面对德国保守主义思想结构进行分析,并从宏观上勾画德国保守主义思想的发展脉络。