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1.
The aim of this study was to examine the distinct roles of emotion and behavior regulation in externalizing behavior problems
of elementary school children. Parents and teachers of 104 seven-year-old children living in Istanbul were given the Emotion
Regulation Checklist and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory was used to measure children’s
externalizing behaviors. Results revealed that emotion and behavior regulation are modestly related to each other, and in
general, both abilities are linked to externalizing behaviors. Low emotion and low behavior regulation significantly predict
externalizing behaviors. Interaction between the two regulatory abilities predicts externalizing behaviors. Emotion and behavior
regulation appear to be separate dimensions operating together in relation to children’s behavior problems. 相似文献
2.
Richard J. Petts 《Review of religious research》2011,53(2):183-206
Previous research suggests that many men increase their religious involvement after the birth of a new child. Using data on
low-income urban fathers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW), this study extends this research by examining
whether fathers maintain a higher rate of religious participation as children get older and how fathers’ religiosity may influence
children’s behavior. Results suggest that although many urban fathers slightly increase their religious involvement after
the birth of a child, most fathers attend religious services at a fairly consistent rate during the early years of their child’s
life. Although there is only limited evidence suggesting that fathers’ religious involvement directly influences children’s
behavior, there is evidence that fathers’ religiosity moderates the influence of other family characteristics on children;
parental relationship quality and mothers’ religiosity are associated with fewer problem behaviors among children when fathers
believe that religion is important to family life. Results also suggest that having a Black Protestant father is associated
with fewer externalizing problem behaviors among young children. Overall, this study suggests that religion may be a source
of support that encourages urban fathers to be engaged in their family life and promote positive development among children. 相似文献
3.
Fernando Luiz Cardoso 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(4):45-72
This ethnography research attempts to detect the male perception and behavior on sexual and gender relations in a small and
simple life style fishing village on the south Atlantic Coast of Brazil. The fieldwork lasted six months and consists of personal
participant observation and long personal interviews with 41 men ranging in terms of sexual orientation from 0 to 6 according
to Kinsey’s scale. In summary, perceptions and behaviors in this “simple society” are very atypical in relation to professional
middle class in urban area of southeast of Brazil. In this society even many “straight” men customarily have sex with local
“gay” men. The local “gay” men, called “paneleiros”, present a homosexual behavior typical to other societies. In comparison
to other cross-cultural research the outcome of this case study suggests that it is possible to have at least three different
categories of male sexuality: men who have sex only with other men, men who have sex only with women, and men who have sex
with men and women; In addition it brings more concrete evidence to the current literature that suggests some kind of universal
homosexual identity at least for people who are close to 6 in Kinsey’s scale.
Assistant professor at Santa Catarina State University (Brazil) and scholarship and grant recipient from CAPES (Brazil). 相似文献
4.
Childhood internalizing problems may occur as early as preschool, tend to be stable over time, and undermine social and academic
functioning. Parent emotion regulatory behaviors may contribute to child internalizing problems and may be especially important
during the preschool years when parents model emotion coping and regulation for their children. Parents who feel out of control
of their preschoolers’ behavior and emotional states may adopt avoidant emotion regulatory strategies. We proposed that parent
depression, perceived locus of control, and experiential avoidance would be linked with internalizing symptoms in a high-risk
sample of preschool-aged children. We also expected that locus of control would mediate the relationship between maternal
depression, experiential avoidance, and child internalizing problems. Seventy-four urban, low-income, diverse mothers of Head
Start preschool children completed rating scales measuring their own depression, locus of control, experiential avoidance,
and their children’s internalizing behaviors. Correlational analyses revealed that mothers reporting higher levels of depression
were more likely to report experiential avoidance, feeling out of control in their parenting role, and internalizing symptoms
in their children. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that locus of control explained additional unique variance in
child internalizing problems over and above that explained by maternal depression. Locus of control mediated the relationship
between maternal depression and child internalizing symptoms. The importance of considering parent locus of control and its
relation to children’s internalizing symptoms is discussed as a potential target for early childhood prevention programs. 相似文献
5.
Tomas R. Giberson Christian J. Resick Marcus W. Dickson Jacqueline K. Mitchelson Kenneth R. Randall Malissa A. Clark 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(2):123-137
Purpose The purpose of this study was to empirically examine organizational culture theorists’ assertions about the linkages between
leadership and the cultures that emerge in the organizations they lead. Specific hypotheses were developed and tested regarding
relationships between chief executive officers’ (CEO’s) personality traits, and the cultural values that are shared among
their organization’s members.
Design/Methodology/Approach Thirty-two CEOs completed measures of the Big-Five personality traits and personal values. A total of 467 employees across
the 32 organizations completed a competing values measure of organizational culture.
Findings Results indicate support for several hypothesized relationships between CEO personality and cultural values. Exploratory analyses
indicated that several CEO personal values were related to culture values.
Implications Organizations need to seriously consider the “fit” between the current or desired organizational culture and CEO characteristics.
Organizations attempting to change fundamental aspects of its functioning may need significant behavioral—or personnel—changes
at the top of the organization in order to achieve those changes.
Originality/Value This is the first empirical study to establish a link between specific CEO characteristics and the cultural values of their
organizations. This study provides evidence that CEO characteristics are felt throughout the organization by impacting the
norms that sanction or discourage member behavior and decision making, and the patterns of behavior and interaction among
members. 相似文献
6.
Mitchell J. Prinstein Nicole Heilbron John D. Guerry Joseph C. Franklin Diana Rancourt Valerie Simon Anthony Spirito 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):669-682
Research suggests that adolescents’ engagement in nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors may be increasing over time,
yet little is known regarding distal longitudinal factors that may promote engagement in these behaviors. Data from two longitudinal
studies are presented to examine whether NSSI may be associated with peer influence processes. Study 1 included 377 adolescents
from a community-based sample; Study 2 included 140 clinically-referred adolescents recruited from a psychiatric inpatient
facility. In Study 1, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline and one year later. Adolescents’ nominated best friend reported
their own levels of NSSI. In Study 2, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline as well as 9 and 18-months post-baseline.
Adolescents’ perceptions of their friends’ engagement in self-injurious behavior (including suicidality) and depressed mood
also were examined at all three time points. Baseline depressive symptoms were measured in both studies; gender and age were
examined as moderators of peer influence effects. Results from both studies supported longitudinal peer socialization effects
of friends’ self-injurious behavior on adolescents’ own NSSI for girls, but not for boys, even after controlling for depressive
symptoms as a predictor. Study 1 suggested socialization effects mostly for younger youth. Results from Study 2 also suggested
longitudinal socialization effects, as well as peer selection effects; adolescents’ NSSI was associated with increasing perceptions
of their friends’ engagement in depressive/self-injurious thoughts and behavior. Findings contribute to the nascent literature
on longitudinal predictors of NSSI and to work on peer influence. 相似文献
7.
Shannon H. Rogers John M. Halstead Kevin H. Gardner Cynthia H. Carlson 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(2):201-213
Walkability has been linked to quality of life in many ways. Health related benefits of physical exercise, the accessibility
and access benefits of being able to walk to obtain some of your daily needs, or the mental health and social benefits of
reduced isolation are a few of the many positive impacts on quality of life that can result from a walkable neighborhood.
In the age of increasing energy costs and climate considerations, the ability to walk to important locations is a key component
of sustainable communities. While the health and environmental implications of walkable communities are being extensively
studied, the social benefits have not been investigated as broadly. Social capital is a measure of an individual’s or group’s
networks, personal connections, and involvement. Like economic and human capital, social capital is considered to have important
values to both individuals and communities. Through a case study approach this article argues that the generation and maintenance
of social capital is another important component of quality of life that may be facilitated by living in a walkable community.
Residents living in neighborhoods of varying built form and thus varying levels of walkability in three communities in New
Hampshire were surveyed about their levels of social capital and travel behaviors. Comparisons between the more walkable and
less walkable neighborhoods show that levels of social capital are higher in more walkable neighborhoods. 相似文献
8.
We examined early adolescents’ reasoning about relational aggression, and the links that their reasoning has to their own
relationally aggressive behavior. Thinking about relational aggression was compared to thinking about physical aggression,
conventional violations, and personal behavior. In individual interviews, adolescents (N = 103) rated the acceptability of relational aggression, physical aggression, conventional violations, and personal behavior,
and justified their ratings. Results indicated that adolescents’ views about relational aggression are complex. Although gossip
was viewed as very wrong (comparable to beliefs about physical aggression), exclusion was perceived to be somewhat acceptable
(less wrong than conventional violations, but more wrong than personal behaviors). With regard to associations between beliefs
about aggression and aggressive behavior, the results indicated that beliefs about gossip were associated with gossiping behavior,
and that beliefs about physical aggression were associated with physically aggressive behavior. No links emerged between beliefs
about exclusion and exclusionary behavior. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed within the frameworks
of social domain theory and social information processing models of aggressive behavior. 相似文献
9.
When students display disruptive behaviors, it interferes with their own, and other students’ learning and with the teacher’s
ability to instruct during academic activities. This study investigated the effects of a classwide interdependent group contingency
on the on/off-task behaviors of an at-risk student in a first-grade classroom in a private Midwestern school. The student
was referred for intervention due to his high rates of off-task behavior and low levels of academic engagement. An ABAB withdrawal
design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention to improve the target student’s behavior as well as that
of his classroom peers. Results suggested that the intervention decreased the individual student’s off-task behavior and increased
academic engagement while also having positive effects on overall behavior in the classroom. 相似文献
10.
This research was designed to examine the characteristics of sexual harasser behaviors in 118 published arbitration decisions. A qualitative coding process was used to describe behaviors in terms of their severity, type, duration, and frequency. The interrelationships between these characteristics were examined along with the individual’s record of discipline and past aggression. The results indicate that harassers tended to repeat the same types of behavior, and that severity generally increased over time. Although past discipline for sexual harassment appeared to reduce this escalation, it was not very effective in stopping the behaviors. Perpetrators who had engaged in gender harassment were more likely to have a record of aggressive behaviors. Additional comparisons indicate important differences in the behavior of perpetrators as categorized by type of behavior. 相似文献
11.
Data were obtained from 46 mother-child pairs from the Child Behavior Institute (CBI) at the University of Tennessee. These
mother-child dyads were referred for psychological help because of the child’s aversive behavior. Child-parent interactions
were quantified using a multi-code, observational system. Correlational and multiple regression analyses (stepwise) were conducted
to find the best predictor of the child’s aversive behavior. Results showed that the child’s aversive behavior was significantly
correlated with the mother’s aversive, indiscriminate, and compliance behaviors. The regression analysis showed mother’s aversive
behavior to be the best predictor of the child’s aversive behavior. Moreover, our results seem to point out that the compliance
hypothesis is more effective in predicting child aversive behavior than the predictability hypotheses. It appears that since
the two hypotheses are dealing with similar processes, they are more complementary than oppositional.
This study used data collected by the Child Behavior Institute (CBI) at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The authors
are indebted to Robert Wahler, Michael Smith, and Sue Dunn for their helpful comments on this paper. 相似文献
12.
George Windholz 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1990,25(2):48-53
Pavlov’s discovery of experiment neurosis was serendipitous, yet it was made under the influence of Breuer and Freud’s case
of Anna O. In 1914, Pavlov’s disciple N. R. Shenger-Krestovnikova, exploring the limits of visual discrimination in dogs,
noticed that when the discrimination was difficult, the dogs’ behavior became disorganized. Pavlov drew an analogy between
the condition of Shenger-Krestovnikova’s dogs and their disorganized behavior with Anna O.’s situation and her neurotic reaction.
Pavlov concluded that he had demonstrated in the laboratory the elements of neurosis in animals and human alike. Schilder’s
criticism of his position, his later study of human neuroses in clinical settings, and the views of Janet may have induced
Pavlov to differentiate between animal and human neuroses. 相似文献
13.
Two studies tested whether people are biased to infer that their positive actions are more authentic than their negative actions. In Study 1, participants identified a positive or negative personal characteristic and assessed the authenticity of past behavior that reflected that characteristic. In Study 2, people imagined themselves performing positive and negative behaviors that they authentically did or did not want to perform. Both studies showed that people’s judgments of the authenticity of their behavior were contaminated by their perceptions of the valence of their behavior even when the objective authenticity of the behavior was controlled. Future research must disentangle authenticity and positivity to determine the degree to which each contributes to positive outcomes that have been attributed to authenticity. 相似文献
14.
15.
Lisa W. Coyne Christine M. Low Alison L. Miller Ronald Seifer Susan Dickstein 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(4):483-497
Mothers’ empathic understanding of their children’s motives, thoughts, and feelings is thought to guide parenting behaviors
and shape the mother-child relationship. However, little is known about the relation between empathic understanding and parenting
behaviors during developmental shifts that may be emotionally challenging for mothers, such as the transition from infancy
to the toddler years, or how it may relate to maternal depressive symptoms. We assessed relations between maternal empathic
understanding, depression, and sensitivity. We developed a coding system, the Empathic Understanding Assessment (EUA), to
measure this construct in the mothers of 30-month old children. One hundred twenty eight mother-child pairs participated in
a series of lab-based tasks designed to be challenging for the children. Mothers then watched these videotaped interactions
and responded to questions regarding their children’s experiences. Interview content was coded using the EUA. Results indicated
that mothers higher in empathic understanding and more intensely emotional were rated as more sensitive. Maternal depression
was negatively related to empathic understanding. The importance of considering the role of maternal empathic understanding
in parenting behavior is discussed, as are potential implications for child outcomes. 相似文献
16.
Krystine Irene Batcho Andrea M. Nave Meghan L. DaRin 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(4):531-545
The present study introduces a balanced survey of a range of behavioral and emotional experiences to assess impressions of
a person’s childhood. Ninety-one undergraduates and 70 of their parents rated exposure to positive and negative social and
solitary experiences. The survey demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and 4-week test–retest reliability, and scores
correlated with Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory of temporally based beliefs and values, Batcho’s inventory of personal
nostalgia, and Holbrook’s measure of historical nostalgia. Correlations with time perspective and nostalgia inventories suggest
that favorable impressions of childhood are associated with benefits such as social connectedness, personal continuity, and
health-promoting behaviors and adverse impressions with less adaptive impacts such as unsatisfactory relationships, discontinuity,
and distress. Ratings of social experiences were correlated more closely with childhood happiness than were solitary experiences.
The Childhood Survey shows promise as a tool to expand the exploration of childhood experiences beyond adverse events to encompass
components that comprise a happy childhood. 相似文献
17.
Geri M. Lotze Neeraja Ravindran Barbara J. Myers 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(6):702-713
Children with incarcerated mothers are at high risk for developing problem behaviors. Fifty children (6–12 years; 62% girls)
participated in summer camps, along with adult mentors. Regression analyses of child and adult measures of child’s emotion
self-regulation and callous-unemotional traits, and a child measure of moral emotions, showed that poor emotion regulation,
along with low levels of guilt and high levels of shame, predicted children’s externalizing behaviors, while only low levels
of guilt predicted a unique subset of child characteristics called callous-unemotional traits. Children who experienced healthy
guilt for misdeeds were better able to control their behavior. Adults noted the ability of children with callous/unemotional
traits to manage and regulate their emotions, while poor emotion regulation was more predictive of the cluster of externalizing
problems. Discussion focuses on prevention efforts aimed at teaching emotion self-regulation and the implications of the high
levels of callous-unemotional traits in this population of children. 相似文献
18.
Many organizations have become more “family-friendly” by initiating programs to help employees meet their family needs. In
return, family-friendly organizations are said to benefit from the positive attitudes and behavior of appreciative employees.
However, long-term positive outcomes may not emerge if employees are reluctant to participate in work–family programs because
they are concerned that their organization or manager does not support their participation. We propose two parallel conceptual
models of the complex, multi-level mechanisms behind employees’ decisions to participate in their organization’s family-friendly
programs. 相似文献
19.
Justin Tiwald 《Dao》2008,7(3):269-282
Mengzi believed that tyrannical rulers can be justifiably deposed, and many contemporary scholars see this as grounding a
right of popular rebellion. I argue that the text of the Mengzi reveals a more mixed view, and does so in two respects. First, it suggests that the people are sometimes permitted to participate
in a rebellion but not permitted to decide for themselves when rebellion is warranted. Second, it gives appropriate moral
weight not to the people’s judgments about the justifiability of rebelling, but rather to certain affections and behaviors
that closely track their life satisfaction. I contend that in both respects the permissions Mengzi grants the people fall
short of a proper right of rebellion. I conclude that the more historical account of Mengzi’s “just revolt theory” suggests
an intriguing division of deliberative labor, and note some of the advantages of this account. 相似文献
20.
Tina Jones Melissa DeMore Lindsey L. Cohen Cara O’Connell Deborah Jones 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(3):234-240
Late adolescence and early adulthood is a time when people establish many of their life-style behaviors. Thus, in order to
promote optimal health, it is important to identify factors predictive of young adults’ healthcare behavior. This study evaluated
the relationship between measures of childhood healthcare experience, healthcare attitudes, and optimism with young adults’
healthcare behavior in a sample of college students (n = 100). Results suggested that prior healthcare experience, attitudes about healthcare, and optimism are associated with
current healthcare behavior. In addition, the relation between childhood healthcare experience and current healthcare behavior
was moderated by optimism, such that those who reported both more negative childhood healthcare experiences and low levels
of optimism reported the least adaptive healthcare behaviors and those who reported the most positive childhood healthcare
experience and the highest levels of optimism reported the most adaptive healthcare behavior. 相似文献