趋同与原意向

在构造时间的现象这一构造内时间意识的最终实事基础上,胡塞尔提出了原感觉意识的趋同构造。在此基础上,作为时间样式的原印象便具有了更原始的构架:它首先是一种本源被给予的原感觉意识的绝对生成,而后才被形式化为一种内时间体验的视域性因素。据此,原印象与滞留、前摄所构成的意识相位的意向关联,作为一种纯形式的原意向,最终也必然奠基于这种本源的原感觉的动态趋同之中。     

Acknowledging the Archetypal Elements of Grief

The universality of grief as a soul-aching experience within the human condition is evident in even the oldest recorded stories and myths around the world. Theories and scientific studies in the past few decades have attempted to understand the phenomenon of grief, forming a significant body of research and a myriad of ideas and guidelines for the grieving process. Acknowledgment and appreciation of the archetypal elements of grief broadens our understanding of the painful emotions that arise as part of a natural reaction in the aftermath of loss and can assist helping professionals to make wise choices for therapeutic interventions in clinical practice.     

Archetypal Forms of Inference

A form (or pattern) of inference, let us say, explicitlysubsumes just such particular inferences as are instances of the form, and implicitly subsumes thoseinferences with a premiss and conclusion logically equivalent to the premiss and conclusion of an instanceof the form in question. (For simplicity we restrict attention to one-premiss inferences.) A form ofinference is archetypal if it implicitly subsumes every correct inference. A precise definition (Section 1)of these concepts relativizes them to logics, since different logics classify different inferences ascorrect, as well as ruling differently on the matter of logical equivalence which entered into the definitionof implicit subsumption. When relativized to classical propositional logic, we find (Section 2) thatall but a handful of `degenerate' inference forms turn out to be archetypal, whereas matters are verydifferent in this respect for the case of intuitionistic propositional logic (Sections 3 and 4), and an interestingstructure emerges in this case (the poset of equivalence classes of inference forms, with respect tothe equivalence relation of implicitly subsuming the same inferences). Thus a more accurate, if excessivelylong-winded title would be 'Archetypal and Non-Archetypal Forms of Inference in Classical andIntuitionistic Propositional Logic'. Some left-overs are postponed for a final discussion (Section 5).The overall intention is to introduce a new subject matter rather than to have the last word on thequestions it raises; indeed several significant questions are left as open problems.     

希尔曼原型心理学解析

希尔曼在对人本主义心理学传统的批判和解构的基础上,探讨灵魂的深度,认为心理的病态和混乱是达到灵魂深度的重要途径,主张多神论和多重人格。原型心理学中的神秘主义是其主要的问题之一。     

Druids,Patriarchs, and the Primordial Religion

In the light of the contemporary resurgence of Druidism, this article explores the heyday of the invention of Druidism in the West during the Romantic period. It demonstrates the way in which the construction of Druidism, as the heir of the Patriarchal tradition of the Old Testament and of Primordial religion, played a significant role in the construction of British self-identity from 1750-1850, in contrast to the marginal role which neo-Druidism plays in contemporary British self-understanding. The article explores the perceived connection between Druidism and the great stone circles of Stonehenge and Avebury.     

An Archetypal Symbol of Water in the Amazon

Archetypal symbols traced on the thousand-year-old art of the moundbuilders of the Marajoara people support the assumption that some sort of ritual honoring of a great goddess took place at the mouth of the Amazon River prior to European colonization. An intriguing figurine, 30 centimeters high, seems to have played a central role in these rituals. The fish-like body of the goddess, covered in red, black, and white spirals, suggests the regenerating process of the waters. A double portal around the vulva is a gateway to undiscovered regions, perhaps associated to life after death, as corroborated by other symbols. Breast-shaped vases found at the same archeological site are covered in images of shoots, leaves, and scrolls in mandala-like symbols. These vases suggest that the cult of the goddess might have included the drinking of her milk, which was made of hallucinogenic plants. The cult of this “Lady of the Waters” may have helped to lessen the psychological hardships of tropical life in the ebb and flow of the tides and the recurrent season of floods, which brought aquatic animals with it. Frogs, snakes, fish, turtles, scorpions, and water birds represented in the ancient pottery were possibly part of the goddess domain. Today the same archetypal manifestation that influenced the prehistorical adaptation is present in the modern Christian devotion to Our Lady of Nazareth. Exploring the native and the Christian cults can help us understand what is missing in today's psychology and guide us to take right action toward water preservation around the world. The symbolic approach of this indigenous art can provide rich soil in which to nourish a sustainable connection with water, flora, and fauna.     

原始宗教禁忌中的科技伦理萌芽

在原始社会中,原始的“科技活动”隐含在生产劳动的母腹之中。先民在生产实践中依靠社会组织发明了实用技术。那么,先民们是运用什么手段调整社会关系,维系社会组织的运行呢?禁忌是迄今人们知道的人类最早建立的行为规范,正如E.卡西尔所指出的:“禁忌体系尽管有其一切明显的缺点,但却是人迄今所发现的唯一的社会约束和义务的体系。它是整个社会秩序的基石。社会体系中没有哪个方面不是靠特殊的禁忌来调节和管理的。统治者和臣民的关系,政治生活,性生活,家庭生活,无不具有神圣的契约。”[1]在探索、改造自然过程中,禁忌同样承担着调整人与自…     

Archetypal defenses in the clinical situation: a vignette

Critical moments along the path of an analysis are presented in order to illustrate how dreams portray archaic and typical (archetypal) defenses against the re-experience of unbearable affect as it emerges. Inner defensive 'objects' functioning as a 'self-care system' threaten to uproot, kill or destroy the connections between the dream ego and various images of vulnerability as these emerge in response to healing life events or transference feelings. Over a series of dreams, transformations within this self-care system are observed, ending in a final healing dream which marks the patient's achievement of a 'depressive position' in relation to her otherwise persecutory anxieties.