中西医学互补的哲学基础

中西医学构成了一对不可通约的科学理论,分别代表不同的价值观念和认识方式.基于二者整体的互斥性,且为在实践中取得巨大成功的知识体系,互补是最佳选择.中西医互补的科学内涵为:"结构"医学与"功能"医学互补;"还原"医学与"整体"医学互补;"求简的"医学与"存繁的"医学互补.     

临床决策:医学哲学研究的一个重要领域

临床决策研究已成为临床医学中的一个重要领域.当下的临床决策问题涉及到医学信息学、循证医学、费用-效益评估、卫生技术评估、医学伦理与法律等学科领域.因此在临床决策中单一的经验-描述的研究纲领已不适应当代医学发展的需要,需要引入综合的决策方法.临床决策问题也为医学哲学研究提供了一个极佳的思想实验场所.临床决策的多维度研究,对于打通学科之间的壁垒,架构科学与人文之间的桥梁,更深刻地理解和把握医疗保健的整体性,使临床医疗达到最佳疗效具有重要意义.     

正确理解和应用循证医学的思维方法

循证医学(Evidence-based Medicine,EBM)是遵循证据的医学,经验医学的特点则是凭个人经验或上级高年资医生的指导、教科书与医学刊物上零星的研究报告为依据来处理病人.为提高临床疗效,必须克服经验医学中存在的问题,科学地应用循证医学的思维方法来指导医学实践.     

从量变到质变--浅谈经验医学到循证医学的转变

循证医学是近十年来国际医学界倡导的一种新的医学模式,强调用科学的方法寻求最佳研究证据以指导临床决策.经验医学到循证医学的转变,是从量变到质变的过程,体现了事物发展的一般规律.     

心血管疾病微创治疗的未来

心血管疾病的治疗正在经历从创伤到微创到预防的过程,实现微创的关键是如何适度、合理地使用技术,在循证医学评价系统的指导下,以人为本,以最小的创伤、最合理的成本达到最佳的疗效.达到微创医学的目的:为人类提供最人性、最科学、最先进、最规范和最全面的医疗保健服务,要求硬技术必须软着陆,需要政府的干预和政策的引导,需要社会的参与,需要学科重构.     

医学发展之道

医疗方式是生存方式的一个重要方面.自然生存中的医学是自然医学,技术生存中的医学是技术医学.相对于自然医学,技术医学在手段上进步了,却离人性更远了.医学将向人文医学发展,力图实现自然、技术与人的和谐.     

中西医学互补的哲学基础

中西医学构成了一对不可通约的科学理论,分别代表不同的价值观念和认识方式。基于二者整体的互斥性,且为在实践中取得巨大成功的知识体系,互补是最佳选择。中西医互补的科学内涵为:"结构"医学与"功能"医学互补;"还原"医学与"整体"医学互补;"求简的"医学与"存繁的"医学互补。     

人文走进医学究竟路有多长?——医学伦理与医学关系视角的讨论

人文与医学的渐远和分离是生命科学与技术进步过程中的一种必然现象.医学的人文性是医学的本质规定性,人文走进医学本质上是一种相互完成回归的过程.医学道德与医学的关系是人文与医学关系的一个缩影.两者在特定历史阶段的分离,使它们从浑然一体分化为不同学科,如今的回归并非学科重归医学,而是医学道德回归家园.在社会与科学发展的大背景下,寻求回归之路成为可能,但受到多种条件限制,回归之路定很漫长.     

论当代医学异化与医学人化

从哲学的深层次看,医学异化的本质是对人性的背离,是一种异己性力量和一种价值危机,它造成医学与人文、医学科学的真与善的分离,导致"人"的失落.医学人化主要是指医学人文化、人性化、人道化,是对医学异化的克服和抛弃.在医学领域,必须从医学异化走向医学人化,从而实现真正的人的医学.     

如何正确处理循证医学与经验医学之间的关系

循证医学主张慎重和准确地应用当前所能获得的最好的研究依据。通过论述循证医学在临床实践中的重要性以及与经验医学的关系,证实循证医学是对经验医学的超越,临床医师应转变单一的经验医学,且有机地将二者结合,深刻理解指南的内容及意见,指导临床实践,达到最佳的治疗目的。     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.