秦汉时代之匈奴道德生活

秦汉时代,匈奴的道德生活在道德原则上奉行以生存为指南的功利主义原则,并形成了相应的道德风尚;在道德原则和道德规范的创新方面,冒顿具有杰出的贡献;在处理民族关系和阶级关系方面,他们的道德行为往往远离正义原则;在权力的继承和分配方面,由于缺少相应的道德规范和道德教育对之调节,使他们长期陷入内斗之中;在与汉民族的长期交往中,他们的道德生活也染上了相当的汉族道德色彩。     

中国少数民族道德生活研究概况

中华大地上生息繁衍了众多少数民族,他们同汉民族一起构成的中华民族大家庭,在历史的长河中,共同谱写了中华民族的悠久历史和灿烂文化.中国的各个少数民族都拥有自己独特的民族优秀传统伦理道德和丰富的道德生活实践,他们是中华民族伦理精神和道德生活的有机组成部分.     

犬儒主义病态道德文化剖析

古代犬儒主义不相信存在具有普遍意义的价值原则,主张随遇而安的、抛却个人各种欲望的生活方式。当代犬儒主义既表现为愤世嫉俗、玩世不恭,也表现为委曲求全、接受现实。当代社会的犬儒主义显现出大众化、普遍化的趋向。犬儒主义在现实道德生活中的主要表现是放弃道德价值、互不信任和精致的利己主义。当代犬儒主义的本质是道德相对主义,犬儒主义病态道德文化的盛行将导致道德相对主义和道德虚无主义思潮的泛滥。     

《西域番国志》中的穆斯林社会

明初,与郑和七下西洋的同时,另一个伟大的外交家陈诚不畏艰险,渡瀚海,逾雪山,四次由陆路出使西域,历时二十二年,行程数万里,重新沟通了明朝与西域诸国的友好关系,为发展巩固自汉唐以来中原和西域各族人民之间的友好往来作出了杰出     

中国少数民族道德生活与民族精神文化

自20世纪80年代末以来,我国民族伦理学的研究至今已近30年,无论是民族伦理学的基本理论还是族别伦理的研究均已取得一定的成果.值得关注的是,我国少数民族道德生活与民族精神文化之间的关系,尚需深入研究.一般而言,人类社会生活是一定时代精神文化形成的条件和土壤,社会的物质生活条件决定着人们的生存方式、生活方式,人们的精神文化是对其生存的物质生活的体现.从道德生活的角度来看,人们的精神文化则展现着一定的理想价值和意义追求.古往今来,在民族生活的大家庭中,我国少数民族的多样性,使得少数民族道德生活与民族精神文化也显现出诸多特征.     

中国少数民族道德生活与民族物质文化

中国少数民族道德生活是指中国境内各少数民族为满足生存与发展需要,以社会化的实践方式表现出来的各种道德活动.它既在宏观层面通过公共仪式、集体狂欢、民族节日等形成民族特定的道德习惯、道德风俗与道德氛围,增强民族共同体的认同感与凝聚力;又在微观层面通过善恶认知、价值内化、行为规范等对民族个体成员发挥潜移默化的影响.中国少数民族道德生活与其物质文化有着天然密切的联系,前者基于并涵化后者,后者制约并影响前者,二者共同形塑了少数民族独特的文化心理与精神面貌.中国少数民族道德生活是社会主义生活实践的重要组成部分.现就其源流、演变以及现实影响进行分析,并立足现代语境对少数民族伦理道德做出新型建构,积极引导其服务于社会主义物质文明、精神文明、生态文明的建设.     

论清代道德生活的演变

清代道德生活经历了从磨合时期到稳定时期再到裂变时期三个阶段.其磨合时期所要处理的主要社会关系是民族关系,所要解决的主要社会矛盾是民族之间的道德生活冲突.其道德生活的磨合,在其根本上并不是对私人生活领域道德生活的整合,而是对公共生活领域道德生活的整合.其稳定时期所要处理的主要社会关系是经济关系,所要解决的主要社会矛盾是利益矛盾.在全社会都关注和集中力量发展经济的条件下,此时期的思想文化被强势地赋予了同质性,且清代人在各有其风俗习惯和道德观念的基础上达成了一定的道德共识.清代道德生活的裂变是稳定时期道德生活日积月累的结果,它表现在观念上是道德认同乃至整个社会认同的危机,在行为上则是伪善的流行甚至公开背离清朝政府所提倡的道德标准和道德规范.腐败和贫富差距是造成这一裂变的主要原因,它们使利益矛盾转化为阶级矛盾,使社会危机不断深化,也使清朝政府的统治能力明显下降.     

中国少数民族道德生活与民族认同

坚持和弘扬中国少数民族道德生活的优良方面,加强对本民族的认同,特别是对中华民族的认同,这对于中国多民族的团结和国家的统一,对中华民族的伟大复兴,对中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信,对全面建成小康社会,对社会和谐与稳定都具有重要的价值. 一、中国少数民族道德生活、民族认同之阐释 关于中国少数民族道德生活与民族认同问题的研究,首先应该探讨中国少数民族道德生活与民族认同的实质.     

论民族道德与国家道德

在民族国家特别是多民族国家中,如何看待并处理好民族道德与国家道德的关系,是一个事关民族利益和国家利益的大问题。从民族道德与国家道德的关系看,民族道德统一于国家道德,民族利己主义是为国家道德所不容的,民族道德与国家道德的最高原则是无产阶级国际主义。必须用前瞻性的战略眼光来看待并认识这一问题,因为它事关民族与国家的长远利益,对构建和谐民族、和谐国家、和谐社会均具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

开拓中国伦理学研究的全新领域——读《中华民族道德生活史研究》

中华民族是一个有着优良道德传统、以文明古国和礼仪之邦著称于世的伟大民族.道德生活是中华民族社会生活中的重要组成部分,是中华民族伦理道德的现实表现,也是中华民族道德文化的重要内容之一.     

Omnipotence in the transference and in the countertransference

The concept of omnipotence refers to a primitive fantasy, a mechanism of defense, and a pathological psychic structure. Omnipotence and its derivative defensive operation, omnipotent control, are highly prevalent in borderline personality organization. Three clinical vignettes illustrate these mechanisms in the treatment of patients with borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive personality disorders, respectively. These vignettes illustrate the transference developments when omnipotence and omnipotence control are dominant, and the therapeutic approach to these conditions.     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

Information in the Universe and in the Organism

There is a branch of modern medicine that relies on information rather than on biochemical substances to maintain health and cure disease. Known as information medicine, it offers an important complement to the dominant biochemical approach of mainstream medicine. This note offers a few reflections on the potentials of information medicine in reference to what is currently known regarding the role of information in the universe, and in the living organism.     

Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or "fractal scaling", during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

Disequilibrium in the mind,disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or “fractal scaling”, during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

明代伏牛山佛教派系考

历史上对伏牛山地区的佛教记载较散,资料较详的是在明代。当时来山修行的僧人很多,但是到现在为止还没有人对伏牛山的佛教进行过研究,笔者根据掌握的禅宗史料提出这时伏牛山佛教已经有了明显的禅宗派系特征,在这里传教修行的僧人,主要是元代禅宗断桥伦一支的浙江天目山高峰原妙及其弟子中峰明本一系,其中受四川禅宗无际明悟禅师一派的影响很大,早期来山的僧人大多数都是无际明悟的弟子与后人,可以说成立了无际伏牛山禅派一系。     

孕育中的旅游伦理学--近年来西方国家旅游伦理研究述评

旅行和旅游是一项历史悠久的人类活动,旅游活动中的伦理问题的存在也和旅游发展的历史一样久远.二战以后,"大众旅游"经过半个多世纪的高速发展,对自然环境和社会文化的负面影响已经凸显出来,因此,旅游研究便开始关注旅游发展伦理问题;与此同时,应用伦理学研究也开始从不同的角度关注旅游发展这一新领域.