新手-熟手-专家型教师成就目标定向与人格特征的研究

本研究采用量表法考察三种类型教师成就目标定向与人格特征的特点。结果表明 ,与普通成人相比 ,我国中学教师比较外倾 ,精神质水平更高。三种类型教师在任务目标上存在显著性差异 ,新手型教师的任务目标水平显著低于熟手型教师 ;而在成绩目标上 ,不存在显著性差异。新手型教师在精神质维度上与熟手型教师存在显著性差异 ,其精神质水平显著低于熟手型教师 ,熟手型教师在神经质维度上与专家型教师存在显著性差异 ,其神经质水平显著低于专家型教师 ,神经质水平高是专家型教师典型的人格特征。     

工作家庭冲突视角下幼儿教师情感耗竭的心理机制:情绪智力的作用

以270名幼儿教师为被试,采用问卷调查法,探讨了情绪智力在工作家庭冲突对情感耗竭影响中的调节效应。结果表明:(1)幼儿教师情感耗竭处于中等倦怠水平。教师情感耗竭在性别、婚姻状态、所带班级、教龄方面差异显著。男教师情感耗竭水平显著高于女教师;已婚教师情感耗竭水平显著高于未婚教师;带小班的教师情感耗竭水平显著高于带大班的教师;6~10年教龄的教师情感耗竭水平显著高于5年以下及11年以上教龄的教师。(2)幼儿教师工作干扰家庭(WIF)和家庭干扰工作(FIW)与情绪智力呈负相关,而与情感耗竭呈正相关;情绪智力与情感耗竭呈负相关。(3)幼儿教师情绪智力在工作家庭冲突对工作倦怠的影响中发挥显著的缓冲作用。     

教师教学自主权与教师领导力的关系：心理授权和教学自主性的中介作用

教师领导力是指教师在课堂内外带领同事提升专业技能,与其他教师和校长合作处理学校事务的一种专业特质。为探究教师教学自主权与教师领导力的关系,以及教师心理授权和教学自主性的中介作用,从而寻求提升教师领导力的路径,研究选取403名中小学教师进行问卷调查。结果发现：（1）教学自主权与教师领导力呈显著正相关,且前者对后者有显著直接效应;（2）教师心理授权和教学自主性分别在教学自主权与教师领导力间发挥部分中介作用;（3）教师心理授权和教学自主性在教学自主权对教师领导力间发挥部分链式中介作用,即教学自主权的提高会促进教师心理授权和教学自主性的提升,进而促进教师领导力的发展。     

中小学教师职业倦怠的现状及相关因素研究

采用修订的Maslach教师职业倦怠问卷对647名中小学教师进行了调查,结果表明: (1)我国教师的职业倦怠整体程度不高,但与我国护士和美国教师相比,其个人成就感明显偏低。(2)男女教师的情绪衰竭和非人性化程度无显著差异,女教师成就感显著高于男教师。 (3)中专学历的教师的情绪衰竭感显著低于大专和本科学历的教师。 (4)小学教师的个人成就感显著高于中学教师,而非人性化程度明显比中学教师低,高中教师比小学和初中教师具有更强的情绪衰竭感。 (5)教龄为5-10年的小学教师和教龄为11-20年的中学教师,最易出现情绪衰竭感。(6)教龄在5年内的初中男教师和教龄在11-20年的初中女教师,可能是职业倦怠的高发人群。     

Male and female teachers: Do they treat boys and girls differently?

Forty experienced and inexperienced teachers, 20 male and 20 female, were observed during free play periods in preschool classes. Male teachers gave more favorable comment than female teachers, and also more physical affection. Male teachers also joined the play of the children more than female teachers. Female teachers interacted less than male teachers. Experienced teachers initiated behaviors, directed, gave information, asked and answered questions, and helped the child more than inexperienced teachers. Experienced teachers interacted more with boys and girls when they engaged in feminine-preferred activities, with no difference between male and female teachers in this regard. Inexperienced teachers of both sexes interacted more with boys engaging in masculine-preferred activities and girls engaging in feminine-preferred activities. It was suggested that the male stereotype and the school environment are less congruent than the female stereotype and school, and that experienced teachers encourage children to engage in school-type activities.This research was supported by a grant from the Office of Scientific and Scholarly Research, Graduate School, University of Oregon. Data analyses were supported by BRSG Grant RR 07080 awarded by the Biomedical Research Support Grant Program, Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health.     

影响教师职业认同的相关因素分析

本研究利用自编问卷对177名中小学教师职业认同状况进行了调查,结果显示:(1)我国教师的职业认同总体水平较高;(2)教师职业认同存在显著的性别、职称差异;(3)中学与小学教师的职业认同存在显著的差异;(4)不同职业动机、工资满意度的教师的职业认同存在显著的差异。     

COMMUNICATION CONCERNS OF PRESERVICE AND INSERVICE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the communication concerns of prospective, student, and inservice teachers and (2) to determine differences in the concerns of the three groups with regard to a three-phase conceptualization: concern with self, task, and impact. Findings were that: (1) prospective teachers expressed more self than task or impact concerns, (2) student teachers expressed more task than impact concerns, (3) inservice teachers expressed more impact than self or task concerns, and (4) prospective teachers expressed more self concerns than student or inservice teachers, student teachers expressed more task concerns than prospective or inservice teachers, and inservice teachers expressed more impact concerns than prospective or student teachers.     

中学教师的人格特点研究

采用以“大五因素”人格理论编制的NEO人格问卷修订本(NEO-PI-R),对1005名中学教师五种典型的人格特质及其教师特征因素进行分析。结果表明:中学教师五种人格特质的宜人性和尽责性得分最高,神经质特质得分最低。中老年教师的尽责性特质显著高于年轻教师。从教师特征因素来看,中学教师在人格宜人性方面存在性别差异,25岁以下的高学历教师在人格的开放性上显著高于其他年龄的教师,而不同职称的教师在人格各个特质上均不存在差异。     

From teachers’ implicit theories of intelligence to job stress: The mediating role of teachers’ causal attribution of students’ academic achievement

To better understand the cognitive antecedents of teachers’ stress in the school setting, the effects of teachers’ beliefs regarding intelligence and their causal attributions of students’ academic performance on teachers’ job stress were examined in the current study. We recruited 271 teachers who voluntarily filled out an anonymous questionnaire. Findings demonstrated that teachers who endorsed the entity theory of intelligence tended to attribute students’ poor performance to students’ inability but not lack of effort. Results showed a positive relationship between teachers’ fixed view of intelligence and job stress, and this relationship was mediated by teachers’ attributing students’ poor performance to students’ lack of ability, even after controlling for teacher efficacy. We suggest to promote the psychological health of teachers by incorporating intelligence mindset and attribution training programs in preservice teacher education, professional development, and cognitive behavioral stress intervention for in-service teachers.     

专家-新手型教师教学效能感和教学行为的研究

对在普通中学选取的专家教师和新手教师（各48名）的研究发现：专家型教师和新手型教师的教学效能感存在显著差异;在教学行为的各个方面及总分上,专家型教师显著优于新手型教师;无论专家还是新手型教师,个人教学效能感维度与教学行为及其各维度之间均存在较显著的相关关系;专家和新手型教师的个人教学效能感维度对教学行为具有较强的预测作用。     

教师教学认知偏差问卷的编制及初步应用

依据社会心理学等有关认知偏差理论,结合教师教学实际自制了"教师教学认知偏差问卷"。对问卷进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析以及信度检验等发现,该问卷显示出较好的效度和信度。以该问卷对846名教师进行了初步调查,调查的数据反映出在教师中存在不同程度的教学认知偏差,其中女教师的教学认知偏差要显著好于男教师,教学优秀教师的教学认知偏差显著好于一般普通教师,教龄时间较短的教师的教学认知偏差要显著好于教龄较长的教师。     

新手—熟手—专家型教师心理特征的比较

为了更深入地了解教师的教学专长发展,采用了量表法分别对433名和469名新手型、熟手型、专家型教师进行了教学策略、成就目标定向、人格特征和职业承诺、职业倦怠两个比较研究。结果表明：⑴在教学策略、成就目标、人格特征上,专家型教师均优于熟手型教师,而熟手型教师又优于新手型教师;在职业承诺和职业倦怠上,专家型教师均优于熟手型教师和新手型教师,而熟手型教师与新手型教师不存在差异。⑵重视课前准备,成绩目标是其重要的工作动机是新手型教师的主要特征;课中策略水平较高,任务目标成为重要的工作动机,具有随和、宽容、乐群、能关心他人的人格特点是熟手型教师的主要特征;教学策略以课前计划、课后的评估、反思为核心,具有鲜明的情绪稳定性、理智、着重实际、自信心和批判性强的人格特点,职业的情感投入程度和职业成就感高是专家型教师的主要特征。⑶三类教师在课后的补救策略、成绩目标、内外向、继续承诺和情绪耗竭上没有显著差异是其共同点。     

Determinants of Attitudes Toward Muslim Students Among Flemish Teachers: A Research Note

Muslims are now the second largest religious group in almost all Western countries and a large majority of Muslim citizens are children who attend schools. However teachers’ attitudes regarding the education of Muslim students are largely ignored by educational researchers. In this study, we investigate the determinants of teachers’ attitudes among Flemish (Belgian) teachers (N = 620). Regression analysis has revealed that female teachers, Muslim teachers, younger teachers, and teachers with a four‐year college degree have significantly more positive attitudes. Most interestingly, we found that teachers working in schools that enroll a larger share of Muslim students (greater than 50 percent) have more negative attitudes toward Muslim students than other teachers. The implications of these findings for educational policy are discussed.     

Teacher stress and guidance work in Hong Kong secondary school teachers

Major sources of stress in Hong Kong teachers were investigated, with specific reference to guidance work as a potential source of stress. A survey of 415 secondary school teachers revealed that guidance-related aspects of work constituted a major dimension of stress, with guidance teachers, female teachers, younger teachers and junior teachers perceiving more stress than their counterparts in this dimension. Workload and time pressure were perceived as the most stressful aspects of work for all teachers. Results also showed an association between stress and job satisfaction, and biographical variables. Implications of the findings for teachers doing guidance work in Hong Kong and internationally are discussed.     

Reading Intervention in Middle and High Schools: Implementation Fidelity,Teacher Efficacy,and Student Achievement

This study investigated teachers’ efficacy and implementation in the context of a supplemental intervention for struggling adolescent readers. It examined teachers’ efficacy at the start of their intervention training and investigated relationships among teachers’ efficacy, implementation, and students’ reading progress. The efficacy and implementation of 9 sixth-grade teachers and 11 ninth-grade teachers were compared, and student achievement gains were explored. Sixth-grade teachers had higher levels of efficacy, while ninth-grade teachers had higher levels of implementation. Findings indicated teacher efficacy was positively related to students’ reading comprehension and overall reading achievement. Implementation was positively related to students’ growth in vocabulary.     

Zimbabwean Teachers in South Africa: their Needs and Advice to Prospective Migrant Teachers

Migrants consider South Africa to be a country of greener pastures in a sub-region blighted by political and economic instability. In South Africa’s education system, Zimbabwean teachers constitute the largest group of migrant teachers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the social and professional needs of migrant Zimbabwean teachers and their advice to prospective migrant teachers. Fifteen migrant Zimbabwean teachers in public high schools or combined schools (private schools) took part in semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. The data were analysed qualitatively using open coding. The findings of the study revealed that these migrant teachers need support to overcome difficulties in classroom management, in acquiring legal documentation, and in dealing with the issues of safety and xenophobia. The findings also revealed that the teachers were in need of induction, professional development, and social and financial support. In spite of their many needs, the migrant teachers’ advice to prospective migrant teachers was that they should try their luck in South Africa.     

Rates and Types of Student Aggression against Teachers: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. Elementary,Middle, and High Schools

Student perpetrated violence against teachers is widespread, yet few studies differentiate teacher experiences of violence by school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high school). This study, based upon 2,558 pre-kindergarten through 12^th grade teacher survey responses, revealed differences in types of student aggression against teachers by school level. Middle and high school teachers were more likely to report verbal harassment compared to elementary school teachers. Middle school teachers were most likely to report property offenses. Elementary and middle school teachers were more likely to report physical aggression than high school teachers. Demographic predictors of teacher-directed violence were also examined at each school level. Across all school levels, urban teachers had a greater probability of experiencing a violent incident. For elementary teachers, race/ethnicity and teaching experience were also significant risk factors. Future research, policy, and practice implications and recommendations are discussed.

     

教师组织公民行为:结构与影响因素的研究

文章采用自编教师组织公民行为问卷对796名中小学教师进行了测查。研究结果表明:教师组织公民行为由学校认同、利他行为、责任意识、人际和谐和资源保护等五个因素构成;职称和学校等级对教师的组织公民行为有显著影响;高级职称教师的组织公民行为高于低级职称教师;省一级学校教师的组织公民行为高于市一级学校教师,而市一级学校教师的组织公民行为高于区一级学校教师。     

Teachers' modeling advantage and their modeling effects on college students' learning styles and occupational stereotypes: a case of collaborative teaching in technical courses

In this study, modeling advantage that depicts the likelihood of a teacher model being imitated by students over other competing models in a particular class was developed to differentiate the rival modeling of two kinds of teachers (the technical teachers vs. the lecturing teachers) between college students' learning styles and occupational stereotypes in the collaborative teaching of technical courses. Results of a one-semester longitudinal study indicated that the students perceived a greater modeling advantage of the technical teachers than that of the lecturing teachers. Both the students' learning styles and occupational stereotypes were in accordance with those teachers as their role models. In general, the impact of the teachers' learning styles and occupational stereotypes on students appeared to be mediated by the teachers' modeling advantage. Administrators and curriculum designers should pay attention to the fact that the technical teachers appeared to exhibit greater modeling effects than the lecturing teachers in collaborative teaching.     

高职院校教师职业压力的初步研究

本研究采用自编压力问卷和SCL-90问卷对397名高职院校教师进行测验,发现高职院校男女教师在总体职业压力方面并无显著差异,中青年组教师压力最大,各项压力因子与心理健康状况存在显著相关。根据调查结果,本文探讨了高职院校教师压力的原因与对策。