社会风气·荣辱观·羞耻感

改善社会风气是树立社会主义荣辱观的目标。愈益泛滥的不良社会风气表明,荣耻不辨,耻感消解已成群体性的现象,出现了一种“去羞耻化”(实质是“去道德化”)倾向。“耻不从枉”,知耻而后正;要树立正确的荣辱观,关键在于“知耻”、“有耻”,在于要激发和培育“耻感”。耻感或羞耻心是人之为人的底线,是人格的基本点,人有耻感,是保持做人尊严的自因。因此,在提高物质生活水平的前提下,尊重和保障公民的基本权利,尊重人格,保护和激发全体社会成员的耻感,培育公民的自尊心,是树立社会主义荣辱观,从而促进良好社会风气的形成和发展的必要条件。     

Collective fields of consciousness in the golden age

The present essay is a concise form of results obtained during many decades of research in the primeval foundations of collective social and consciousness fields. We point out that a yet unknown type of forces existed in the Golden Age, which we termed collective force. In the Golden Age mankind lived in communities which had a full unity. The communal life developed its collective forms, of which the most significant are the development of human speech, of language, share of work and the development of the communal fests. The law determining the primeval origins of mind is the cosmic law of interactions. It defines the substance of the Universe and the ways of its existence and activity. A detailed analysis is presented on the nature of the interaction there. One consequence of this fundamental principle is the general prevalence of the principle of mutuality, which plays a basic role in the understanding of the unfolding and degeneration of consciousness. The principle of mutuality determines the changes of every level of life. The laws of the generation of consciousness in the ages of evolution toward Homo and the Golden Age are analysed. Evidences were found proving the historical reality of the Golden Age, surviving in the traditions of mankind in every part of the world, and its overthrow before the Flood, which resulted in the dethronement of the primeval mind, the human consciousness of the Golden Age and the subsequent— and necessary—emergence of the superficial, rational mind.

Starting from the consideration that our mind is the imprint of history, we have recognised the phenomenon of the dual mind, the somewhat antagonistic duality of human consciousness. We think we have succeeded in solving the riddle of the dual mind and determining its substance. Our dual mind, consisting of the ‘upper’ or rational mind and the ‘underlying mind’, is the product of the two fundamental ages of mankind, that of the Golden Age and that of power domination. Therefore it reflects the duality of our history.     

The living state,evolution and consciousness

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the phenomenon of life through the aspect of consciousness and in particular to analyze the role which consciousness plays in the living state (the L‐state for short) as well as the consequences of the development of consciousness for the evolution of living beings. Consciousness is an epiphenomenon of knowledge. The discussion of the role of consciousness in life will have to involve an elucidation of the role of knowledge. This will be done in light of and using the ideas of the theory of the Ecology of Knowledge developed by the author (Wojciechowski, 1975, 1986, 1989).

Because of the special nature of consciousness, the paper will deal with the methodological problems of the study of consciousness, and, therefore of the study of the living state.     

The integration of methods in residential psychotherapy]

The trend toward integration of psychotherapy into general medical practice has, especially in inpatient treatment of neurotic diseases, led to the development of psychotherapeutic systems, the differences of which are largely dependent upon both clinical conditions and therapeutical objectives. The author, in the light of ten years of practical experience with group psychotherapy of patients living in a hospital, gives a schematic outline of the Berlin system of integration of methods, discussing the system with reference to Kabanov's four basic principles, namely, the principle of the partnership of doctor and patient, the principle of the differences in efforts and effects, the principle of the unity of efficacy of methods, and the principle of the gradual transitions between methods and procedures. A detailed discussion is given of the gradual transition principle by reference to the phase-specific procedure of group psychotherapy and the methods of treatment coordinated therewith.     

Fear of Death in Hypochondriasis: Bodily Threat and Its Treatment Implications

This article aims to explore the perception of body in hypochondriasis and implications that it has for fear of death and for treatment of hypochondriasis. It is suggested that a sense of threat posed by the body in hypochondriasis is intimately related to the fear of body, expectations of bodily failure, fear of disease and pathological fear of death. Clinical aspects and potential antecedents of these phenomena are discussed in the article. It is emphasized that fear of the body and fear of death should be adequately addressed in the course of treatment, regardless of the nature of the primary treatment approach. Relevant treatment strategies are outlined, with treatment goals including an adoption of the non-threatening perception of one’s body, modification of attitudes and beliefs related to health, illness and death which heighten fear of death, and substantial alleviation or elimination of the pathological fear of death.     

Le développement contemporain des régimes juridiques des conflits d’intérêts : l’exemple du secteur de la santé

The conceptualization of conflicts of interests and deployment of their regulatory systems are primarily modes of economic and managerial health control. When did the legal regime of conflicts of interests, which formalizes the process, clash with the conditions of professional practice? Not all assumptions of friction or opposition of interests necessarily constitute a conflict of interests. All public sector professionals have interests but not all their interests generate conflicts. The aim of public declaration of interests is to reveal the relations of interest in order to allay suspicion. Most frequently in the form of soft law system, the declaration of interests is a way of warning about the existence of a “grey zone” or time of deontological risk. It was changed by the law of 29 December 2011     

以难治病临床疗效为导向的中医病因病机创新研究

中医学是临床实践很强的经验医学,临床实践一直是中医理论创新的源泉,现代中医理论创新研究必须基于临床疗效为导向,以中医有治疗特色的重大疾病和难治病为突破口,借鉴现代科学和技术,深入开展证候构成要素的中医病因病机研究。中医病因病机既是构成病证的核心要素,又深刻揭示了病证的本质,它体现中医整体观、辨证论治的思维,是中医治病理论的结晶和精华浓缩,抓住重大疾病和难治病中医病证病因病机的本质和核心问题进行现代研究,必将导致中医药理论的重大创新和发展。     

Wings in the intershaft space contribute to the Mueller-Lyer illusion

The interference of the wings of the wings-in part of the Mueller-Lyer figure was examined for the version of the illusion in which one part of the figure is placed above the other. Wings were removed in pairs from either above or below the shaft of one of the two parts of the figure. Subjects indicated the apparent difference between the lengths of the shafts of the two parts of the figure. Removal of the wings between the shafts of the wings-in part of the figure reduced the amount of the illusion more than removal of the wings from outside the shafts. Removing wings from the wings-out part of the figure reduced the amount of illusion, but it made no difference whether the wing removal occurred between or outside the shafts.     

企业道德责任论

本文对“企业社会责任”与“企业道德责任”概念的内涵与外延进行了清晰化的梳理与条陈,明确了企业社会责任与企业道德责任通用的语义层次,阐述了企业社会责任与企业道德责任区分的价值和实践意义;立论了企业道德责任何以可能;具体分析了企业基本道德责任与积极道德责任实现的一般要件,指出法律制裁力、市场筛选力、中间力量的博弈力是企业基本道德责任实现的不可或缺的条件,而企业的盈利能力、企业经营团队尤其是主要领导者的较强社会责任感、社会组织和民众对企业的积极行善形成的褒奖机制则是积极道德责任必须附加的条件。     

论两汉章句之学的谶纬化

由于两汉的章句之学与今文经学的关系甚为密切,而谶纬又主要是今文经学神秘化、庸俗化和政治化的产物,这决定了谶纬说不可避免地会对章句之学产生影响。这个结论,能从两汉章句从膨胀化到减省化的发展轨迹中获得证明——王莽时代“减省章句”的过程,实际上是以谶纬说来改造章句的过程;光武帝时代对章句的重新减省,也是以谶纬为准绳的;至于东汉其他时期对章句的减省,同样不脱谶纬的影响。残存于今的《孝经章句》,则为章句之学的谶纬化提供了一个文本证据。     

Clinical Pastoral Education: reflections on the past and future of a movement

In the year 2000, the celebration of seventy-five years of Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) in the United States included attention to the history of the movement. A history of the past twenty-five years of the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE) was published, plus several regional histories. This article grows out of the author's study of the history of the Northeast Region of ACPE in the context of the history of the Clinical Pastoral Education movement. The focus of this article is "the vision question"; that is, "What has happened to the visions of clinical training that were important in the beginning of the movement?" The history of the relations of clinical training to theological education is traced from the beginnings of CPE to the present time, with special emphasis on developments in the Northeast. Two implications of this historical review for the future of the movement are suggested.     

论信息化生产方式的产生与马克思主义伦理的发展（上）

信息化生产方式的产生会给人类伦理学带来诸多新变动、新发展和新要求 ,因此 ,科学地分析信息化生产方式的产生对资本的益与忧 ,正确地看待信息化生产方式与马克思主义伦理的发展的关系是我们必须面临的任务。     

契约观念与正当性——一个政治哲学史的视角

作为政治学的重要范畴,契约观念与政治生活中的正当性问题紧紧交织在一起。这一范畴有特定的西方政治哲学传统的背景,并在不同时代语境之中有其不同的内涵和特质。在西方政治发展的不同阶段,契约观念分别与政治服从的必要性、政治权威合法性和政府行为的范围与限度等问题密切相关。契约政治观念体现了人类实现自我治理的理想。     

Municipalities and Regions as Good Places to Live: Index of Quality of Life in the Czech Republic

Quality of life is associated with the term good life; when we evaluate the quality of life, we evaluate how good it is. The central element of the objective (spatial) dimension of quality of life is the phenomenon of a good place as a place in which there is lived a good life to a varying degree. The paper aims to calculate the index of quality of life at the micro-level of all 6251 municipalities in the Czech Republic based on the indicators of a gold standard and derived indices of higher hierarchical levels of districts and regions and expression of their spatial differentiation. The calculation of the index of quality of life implies that the quality of life in villages is generally higher than in the cities; however, the highest is in large cities with a population of over 100,000 and in small towns with a population of 5000 to 10,000. Quality of life in the Czech Republic is substantially spatially differentiated at all hierarchical levels.     

THE CONTROL OF BIAS IN RATINGS: A THEORY OF RATING

Based on several years of research and a careful analysis of the rating process Wherry developed a theory of rating. An accurate rating is seen as being a function of three major components: Performance of the ratee, observation of that performance by the rater, and the recall of those observations by the rater. Cast in a mold of classical psychometric theory each of these components is seen as consisting of a systematic portion and a random portion. The systematic portion of each component is further broken down. The performance of the ratee is a combination of true ability or aptitude for the job and the influence of the environment. What the rater observes is a function the performance of the ratee and bias of observation and what the rater recalls is a result of those observations combined with a bias of recall. The development of the theory of rating unfolds by defining the various factors that affect each of these components in a series of linear equations. Various theorems and corollaries are proposed which should lead to a maximization of the true ability component of the ratee and minimize environmental influence and the bias and error components. The theorems and corollaries suggest testable hypotheses for the researcher in performance evaluation.     

The Rôle of Clasping Activity in Adaptive Behavior of the Infant Chimpanzee: III. The Mechanism of Reinforcement

It is generally assumed that the attitudes of managers are somehow determinant of the policies of organizations toward the recruitment of ex-convicts. This study demonstrates that the recruiting policies of organizations are independent of the attitudes of managers. Attitudes of managers toward hiring ex-convicts were found to be negatively related to the age of the organization and to have a mixed relationship to the age, level of education, and length of service of managers.     

知识资本、人力资本与伦理价值的资本化问题初探

知识资本是知识经济的灵魂,在知识资本化的条件下,伦理价值也会随着知识的功能扩张而扩张,伦理“知识”也会物化为资本。人力资本理论的诞生为伦理价值的资本化提供了条件和途径,使伦理价值资本化成为现实。伦理资本除了具有人力资本的一般特征外,还有自己的特殊性。     

Mental illness and the mind-brain problem: Delusion,belief and Searle's theory of intentionality

Until recently there has been little contact between the mind-brain debate in philosophy and the debate in psychiatry about the nature of mental illness. In this paper some of the analogies and disanalogies between the two debates are explored. It is noted in particular that the emphasis in modern philosophy of mind on the importance of the concept of action has been matched by a recent shift in the debate about mental illness from analyses of disease in terms of failure of functioning to analyses of illness in terms of failure of action. The concept of action thus provides a natural conduit for two-way exchanges of ideas between philosophy and psychiatry. The potential fruitfulness of such exchanges is illustrated with an outline of the mutual heuristic significance of psychiatric work on delusions and philosophical accounts of Intentionality.     

Consumer knowledge and use of country‐of‐origin information at the point of purchase

This paper reports an investigation of American and Canadian consumer acquisition and/or knowledge of the country of origin of products at the time of purchase. Consumer knowledge of the country of origin of purchased products was tested as purchasers left the cash register. If the purchaser knew the country of origin of the product just purchased, they were further questioned to discover the role such knowledge might have played in their choice between alternatives. More than 93 per cent of 1,248 purchasers intercepted at the cash register had not acquired while shopping, or did not know from prior experience, the country of origin of a product they had just purchased. Of the 91 (6.5 per cent) who had acquired or knew the country of origin of a product they had just purchased, only 27 (2.2 per cent of the total) indicated that their knowledge of the product's country of origin possibly might have played a role in their product choice. These findings reveal that the country of origin of products is not an important attribute in the choice processes of the great majority of North American consumers. Confirmation of these findings by replication with less obtrusive and more externally valid measures of consumer acquisition and use of product information prior to purchase is needed. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications.