共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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完美主义心理研究的历史和现状 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
完美主义(perfecrionism)心理是《心理障碍诊断与统计手册》(DSM-Ⅲ)的重要的诊断标准之一,被认为参与多种心理障碍的形成与发展。但是长期以来,对于完美主义心理缺少精确的定义和量化研究。上世纪八十年代以来,在欧美的心理咨询和资质优异教育领域,这种心理愈来愈被看作是与个体的心理健康及创造力息息相关的人格特质,并且已普遍承认这种特质是多维度、多侧面的。本文追溯了完美主义心理研究的历史渊源。介绍了完美主义心理研究的现状和进展。 相似文献
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完美主义是一种深刻影响人格的心理特征,与心理障碍有着极为密切的联系。完美主义是进食障碍、抑郁、强迫障碍、社交焦虑、人格障碍的风险和维持因素,这些心理障碍患者的完美主义得分显著高于健康控制组,在对这些心理障碍进行治疗时,应该对完美主义心理特征加以重视。完美主义的治疗对于改善与之相关的心理障碍的症状有着积极的意义。就完美主义与心理障碍的关系研究进行系统回顾,并对完美主义的认知-行为心理咨询的方法进行了阐述。 相似文献
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心理障碍与完美主义关系的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国外对心理障碍与完美主义的关系研究集中在进食障碍、焦虑障碍、强迫障碍、社交恐惧和抑郁等领域。研究表明,完美主义是导致心理障碍的原因之一,但并非所有的完美主义或者完美主义的所有维度都会导致心理障碍。 相似文献
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早期研究者如Adler、Homey和Ellis认为完美主义是一种单维的人格结构。后来的研究者如Hewitt、Frost等多持多维观点,认为完美主义是由不同因素组成的复杂结构。目前越来越多学者认同完美主义的二维观,认为完美主义有积极和消极之分。今后研究应考虑完美主义的文化因素,同时应从心理咨询、心理治疗和心理健康教育效果的角度来佐证某种结构观的合理性。 相似文献
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完美主义发展模型综述 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
该文介绍了五种完美主义发展模型,并对它们做了简要评论。社会期望模型主张父母对儿童的高期望是完美主义产生的根源,社会学习模型强调模仿父母完美主义的作用,社会反应模型探讨严酷教养环境的影响,焦虑抚养模型认为父母对不完美的过分关注和对子女的过分保护会促使子女发展完美主义倾向,整合模型结合内外因素对完美主义产生的根源进行系统综合分析。 相似文献
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积极完美主义者追求卓越并达到杰出的成就,而消极完美主义者追求绝对的完美,不能接受任何不完美的事物,进而容易使个体产生抑郁.首先对完美主义人格特质的特点进行了阐述,其次对完美主义与高成就的关系进行了评论,讨论了抑郁的易感性因素,确定了完美主义和抑郁的关系,最后提出了完美主义者可以用来降低抑郁易感性的方法和策略. 相似文献
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Keong Yap Amy L. Gibbs Andrew J. P. Francis Sharynn E. Schuster 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2016,45(2):136-149
The Bivalent Fear of Evaluation (BFOE) model of social anxiety proposes that fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE) play distinct roles in social anxiety. Research is however lacking in terms of how FPE is related to perfectionism and how these constructs interact to predict social anxiety. Participants were 382 individuals from the general community and included an oversampling of individuals with social anxiety. Measures of FPE, FNE, perfectionism, and social anxiety were administered. Results were mostly consistent with the predictions made by the BFOE model and showed that accounting for confounding variables, FPE correlated negatively with high standards but positively with maladaptive perfectionism. FNE was also positively correlated with maladaptive perfectionism, but there was no significant relationship between FNE and high standards. Also consistent with BFOE model, both FNE and FPE significantly moderated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and social anxiety with the relationship strengthened at high levels of FPE and FNE. These findings provide additional support for the BFOE model and implications are discussed. 相似文献
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基于多元回归的调节效应分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在心理学和其他社科研究领域,大量实证研究建立调节模型,以分析自变量对因变量关系的影响机制,但在基于多元回归的调节效应分析实践中仍存在不足。我们回顾了均值中心化在基于多元回归的调节效应分析中的作用,均值中心化不影响乘积项(即调节效应)的检验,仅对一阶项(即主效应)的检验有影响。讨论了简单斜率的检验方法,建议在调节变量为连续变量时,使用Johnson-Neyman法进行简单斜率检验;在调节变量为类别变量或研究者对某个调节变量值感兴趣时,使用选点法。并用一个实际例子演示如何进行调节效应分析。随后展望了调节效应检验的拓展方向。 相似文献
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《Behavior Therapy》2020,51(3):488-502
Perfectionism entails a burdensome preoccupation with one’s self-evaluation in the context of performance outcomes. Although perfectionism has been subject to extensive research, scant literature on its effect on cognitive functioning is available, let alone in nonclinical populations. The aim of the present study is to utilize a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess cognitive functions among college students with high and low levels of perfectionism. Participants were 98 college students who were screened for clinical status, completed a neuropsychological battery, and assessed for perfectionism and related symptomatology. Results revealed that the high negative perfectionism group had significantly higher levels of depression and stress compared to the low negative perfectionism group. However, no group differences were found across neuropsychological outcomes. Gradient differences on clinical outcome measures were found when three groups characterized by high adaptive, high maladaptive, and mixed perfectionism were compared. However, no differences were found on neuropsychological tests. These findings suggest that higher levels of negative perfectionism are associated with significant psychopathological burden, but with intact neuropsychological test performance. These results are important, particularly in the context of the need to identify and treat students struggling with high levels of perfectionism and related psychopathological burden, which can be overlooked given that they present with intact cognitive and academic performance. 相似文献
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Survey satisficing in online data collection biases the estimation of treatment effects in many ways. Extending the findings of a previous study, which demonstrated that satisficing biased the estimation of main treatment effects, this study also shows that satisficing distorts the estimation of moderation effects. Targeting Japanese adults’ attitudes toward food, this study tests how the effect of country of production (Japan vs. China) is moderated by preexisting ethnocentric attitudes. The results show that while nonsatisficers predictably adjust their attitude toward food based on their preexisting ethnocentric attitude, satisficers stick to their initial stereotypical response. That is, the theoretically predicted moderation effect was observed among nonsatisficers, but not among satisficers, which indicates that satisficing biases not only the estimation of a treatment effect but also that of a moderation effect. 相似文献
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积极情绪的概念、功能与意义 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
积极情绪是指个体由于体内外刺激、事件满足个体需要而产生的伴有愉悦感受的情绪。积极情绪能够激活一般的行动倾向,对于认知具有启动和扩展效应,能够建设个体的资源,撤销消极情绪产生的激活水平,能够促进组织绩效。积极情绪是心理健康的重要组成部分,同时对身体健康具有促进作用。积极情绪对于个体的适应具有广泛的功能与意义 相似文献