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Psychological gender orientation (Bern, 1974) was examined to determine whether this orientation has demonstrable effects on perceived communicator style in an interpersonal context. No such effects were observed, although communication apprehension and shyness were found to predict perceived communicator style. Gender orientation was found to predict self-reported communicator style, but communication apprehension and shyness were found to remove virtually all of that predictive power when entered into the analysis. It is concluded that gender orientation probably should not receive primary attention from researchers in interpersonal communication. The Communicator Style Measure (CSM; Norton, 1978) is examined. It is recommended that interpersonal communication researchers avoid use of the CSM until such time as problems of reliability, response bias, and external validity are overcome. 相似文献
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Even though most of us lie from time to time, it is really quite surprising how little is known about such behaviors. Through controlled observation and laboratory testing, this study attempted to determine what verbal and nonverbal behaviors were characteristic of intentionally deceptive communicators. Seventy-six videotaped interviews provided a data base for the analysis of 32 dependent measures. In addition to analyses of specific behavioral differences between deceivers and nondeceivers, the authors provide a conceptual framework for the study of deception—predicting that deceivers will exhibit significantly more uncertainty, vagueness, nervousness, reticence, dependence, and unpleasantness than nondeceivers. 相似文献
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心理控制源期望的认知-知识系统模型 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
在总结了有关心理控制源期望的理论与实证证据的基础上,结合作者近年来在责备、辩解、生活事件知觉与心身健康关系方面的研究,将心理控制源期望重新界定为一种“认知-知识系统模型”:个体的心理控制源期望既在总体上表现为一种一般性的内控或外控的倾向性,又受对情境特点的认知的影响,两者有交互作用,而且社会文化环境的特点也起重要的作用。这一模型总结了中国被试的研究结果,并且在人格、社会心理及临床心理学的有关理论和研究方面也有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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In the wake of Fransella's (1972) seminal application of Kellyian ideas to the understanding of stammering, the impact of personal construct psychology (PCP) upon speech and language therapists working in this area has been significant. This article reviews the literature and considers the developments in the management of stammering wrought through the application of PCP. A number of key issues relating to the meshing of traditional speech therapy methods and PCP are discussed and these are illustrated further by a specific personal clinical experience. 相似文献
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Previous research in assertiveness has often failed to differentiate the behaviors to be subsumed within the construct. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to isolate and define the subconstructs of assertiveness as they emerged from the structure of two assertive inventories—the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the College Self Expression Scale; (2) to evaluate assertiveness as a communication construct by examining it in the framework of two measures of communicator style—a Communicator Style Measure and a test of Predispositions toward Verbal Behavior. Results revealed that the assertiveness measures related to the expected subconstructs of communicator style. Assertiveness, as evidenced by low anxiety, dominance, contentiousness, and a refusal to be intimidated by others, correlated highly with measures of verbal intensity, talkativeness, and good communicator style. 相似文献
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大学生场依存性─-独立性认知方式分析 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
对二十一个学科专业1526名大学生的场依存性─-独立性认知方式进行调查所获得的新近常模资料表明:大学生场依存性─-独立性个体差异的群体分布是正态性的,其总体平均水平以《认知方式图形测验》成绩作指标为13.7(s为4.6)。在此基础上,对文献所报道的影响场依存性─-独立性发展水平的两个因素作了进一步的研究分析,发现,大学生场依存性─-独立性的性别差异非常接近显著水平;专业分化是不依赖于性别因素而导致大学生场依存性─-独立性水平显著不同的主要因素. 相似文献
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《Multivariate behavioral research》2013,48(4):469-477
To investigate the construct validity of the Comrey Personality Scales, this personality test and a biographical data inventory inquiring about past and present life circumstances were administered to 209 volunteer U.C.L.A. students. Biographical data variables were correlated with scores on the eight personality scales. Personality scale score estimates by the authors, based on examination of the respondents' biographical data responses, were also correlated with actual scale scores. The personality scales which received the best confirmation were Social Conformity vs Rebelliousness and Orderliness vs. Lack of Compulsion. Support for the construct validity of the other personality scales varied from moderate to negligible. 相似文献
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WILLIAM G. CHRIST 《人类交流研究》1985,11(4):575-592
The construct of arousal is pivotal to those who investigate the relationship between emotions and communication. This study seeks to compare Zillmann's and Mehra-bian's concepts of arousal in order to identify common ground between the theorists. The goal is, through such commonalities, to provide a more complete and useful framework for understanding arousal's role in communication. This common framework is important to those researchers who find merit in both Zillmann's and Mehrabian 's theories, important to those in the field who look for an understanding of human communication from a variety of viewpoints. 相似文献
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Kelly's Commonality and Sociality corollaries deal with shared meanings. In this article, the authors revisit Kelly's early work on superpatterns to demonstrate the relationship between superpatterns and the concept of corporate construing (Balnaves & Caputi, 1993) as a way of extending the Commonality and Sociality corollaries. The authors argue that corporate construing is joint action. Constructs in such an action originate from corporate, not personal, agents. Corporate agency entails anticipation in joint action of the mode of representation of everyone else (sensus communis), justification of the joint action (reasons as good reasons), recognition that a personal action is corporate (the same) within a style of reasoning (a system of specialized techniques or corporate constructs). It is not the individual patterns of personal constructs, or an individual's interpretations of his or her own actions, that is relevant in an explanation of personal actions. It is an understanding of the genre, the overall template, the superpattern. 相似文献
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The construct validity of assessment center final dimension ratings was examined within a nomological network of cognitive and personality measures. Four hundred forty-one employees of a large mid-western petroleum company were assessed on 11 dimensions in two broad categories and completed four tests. Results showed that several cognitive ability measures related more strongly to performance-style dimension ratings than to interpersonal-style dimension ratings, providing evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. Correlation analysis and factor analysis support the two a priori interpersonal- and performance-style categories. The results suggest that final dimension ratings possess construct validity and that assessors can differentiate between two broad categories of assessment dimensions. 相似文献
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中国青少年心理健康素质·应对风格的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·应对风格分量表》对全国23个省、市、自治区44063名青少年的应对风格状况进行了调查。结果发现:(1)在应对风格的行为—生理策略、行为—表达策略、认知—表达策略、防御策略和混合策略上,我国青少年的得分从小学五年级逐渐上升至初二年级,之后下降,到高三年级和大学回升。(2)在认知—情境策略和行为—情境策略上表现为从小学五年级到初中阶段逐渐下降,从高三年级后开始回升。 相似文献
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Robert C. Sinclair Curt Hoffman Melvin M. Mark Leonard L. Martin Tracle L. Pickering 《Psychological science》1994,5(1):15-19
Abstract— Schachter and Singer (1962) showed that people search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label and interpret unexplained physiological arousal We investigated how unobtrusively activated cognitions and physiological arousal interact to produce emotional experience when the immediate environment is devoid of relevant cues Subjects were primed with positive, negative, or neutral concepts They then either exercised or sat still and, either immediately or after a delay, rated their emotional state Consistent with what Schachter and Singer found, subjects in the exercise, delayed-rating condition, who lacked an obvious explanation for their arousal, made the most extreme affective self-ratings, which were consistent with the valence of the primed concepts These subjects apparently interpreted their residual arousal in terms of the primed concepts Subjects in the exercise, immediate-rating condition, who had an explanation for their arousal (i e, the exercise), were not influenced by the primes Subjects in the no-exercise condition showed typical priming effects, with prime-consistent self-ratings that decayed over time Implications for emotion formation, misattnbution of arousal, and cognition are discussed 相似文献
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W edin , L. Dimension analysis of the perception of musical style. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1969, 10, 9 7–108.-The subjective similarity of ten short excerpts from musical works ranging over the period of 1720–1890 was studied by (I) the direct multidimensional ratio scaling method and (2) by the method of similarity analysis. Factor analysis extracted three or four factors depending on the degree of musical training of the subjects. The differentiation and inter-pretability of the factors were higher for subjects with more musical training and interest. The factors were labeled 'Baroque', 'Rococo', 'Viennese classicism' and 'Romanticism'. 相似文献