医学院校科技成果转化与产业化策略的思考

世界科技发展的实践表明:科技的竞争不仅表现为科技创新能力的竞争,更重要的是体现在科技成果转化上的竞争。教育部的一份调查报告显示,我国高校每年产生的科技成果大约6000项~8000项,但真正能够转化并实现产业化的却不足10%[1],转化率低、产业化速度慢、科技潜力得不到应有的发挥,已成为制约国家高新技术进步和大学发展的瓶颈问题。医学科学研究是医学院校的主要工作之一,产生的科技成果是推动国家医药卫生事业进步的重要手段。但是,医学院校产生的生物医药领域科技成果的转化与产业化工作同样面临上述困境,为解决这类问题,高校必须在高新…     

略论促进高校科技成果转化的若干策略

本文分析了高校科技成果转化的障碍 ,在此基础上简要阐述了促进高等院校科技成果转化应解决产学研合作、科技成果转化的动力机制、科技成果转化的主体、政府的职能定位、大力发展校办科技产业及市场导向等问题的对策思路     

SCI评价指标与地方医学院校的建设发展

SCI是当前高校和科研院所进行科技评价的重要指标之一,分析了其在地方医学院校中的应用、作用及忽视科研成果、学科和人才类型多样性的问题,导致了论文低质化和管理简单化的后果。特别是从地方医学院校建设发展的角度,探讨了SCI作为基础研究评价指标之一的合理性,作为科技成果多元化评价指标之一的可行性,作为人才分类评价指标之一的现实性,及其与学校建设发展关系的辩证性和科学性。为高校特别是地方医学院校科学合理地应用SCI进行科技评价和人才评价提供参考。     

医学院校科技成果转化与产业化策略的思考

世界科技发展的实践表明:科技的竞争不仅表现为科技创新能力的竞争,更重要的是体现在科技成果转化上的竞争.教育部的一份调查报告显示,我国高校每年产生的科技成果大约6000项～8000项,但真正能够转化并实现产业化的却不足10%[1],转化率低、产业化速度慢、科技潜力得不到应有的发挥,已成为制约国家高新技术进步和大学发展的瓶颈问题.     

关于PBL医学教育的若干认识

PBL教育模式在世界范围内已被广泛使用.作为一种以学生为中心的教学方法,PBL通过激发学生的好奇心和求知欲等内源性学习动力促进学习,这也是人本主义教育所提倡的.鉴于不少医学院校仍使用LBL为主的教学法,利用PBL和LBL各自的优势将会成为一个趋势.这将进一步提高学生的能力和医学教育的效果.     

问题式教学法在医学伦理学教学中的实践思考

现代高等医学院校课堂教学着力推动问题式教学法,使学生从被动学习转化为主动学习.在医学伦理学教学过程中,运用问题式教学法,科学、合理、重点设置了医疗卫生行业社会热点、难点问题,取得了良好的教学效果.师生在设疑、质疑、解疑的过程中调动了学生积极学习的主动性,提高了学生逻辑思维、语言表达、医患沟通的能力.     

转化医学模式对临床医学八年制教学改革的启示

近年来我国部分重点医学院校陆续推出精英教育培养模式,以八年制医学生的培养为代表.临床医学八年制的培养更需要基础医学与临床医学之间相互整合,是完善“八年一贯,本博融通”培养模式的关键.转化医学的出现,为消除基础与临床的屏障,提高八年制医学生基础医学研究水平,加强临床思维培养提供了新的平台和途径.     

科技成果转化机制的比较研究

当今国际竞争实质上是科学技术的竞争,这已成为人们的共识。近几年来尽管我国国民经济增长速度高居世界之首,但科技进步的贡献率却只有３０％左右,而发达国家的科技进步对经济增长的贡献率却高达６０～８０％,这与我国长期以来科技成果向生产力转化进程的缓慢有极大的关系。据统计,目前我国的科技从业人员达１０００万,每年能提供３万余项重大的科技成果和１０多万项专利,但科技成果的转化率却一直徘徊在１０％左右,而其中能真正形成规模化生产的仅有５％,在种种因素的制约下,科技成果的转化举步维艰。与此相对照,发达国家的科技…     

以整合的理念引领医学课程改革

整合课程改革要面对教改动力、教学组织、师资及实施策略等多方面问题,介绍四川大学华西临床医学院以"从树干到树叶"为教改思路、研究实施"以器官系统为基础"整合课程的历程,介绍"院院合一"组织架构、医疗、科研整合支撑教学改革、先期试点并逐步推进、隐蔽课程等经验,为国内外医学院校提供参考借鉴.     

论医学院校课程文化的内涵及重塑

面对医学全球化、我国的新医改等新形势,各医学院校的教育教学改革势在必行.当务之急是重塑医学的课程文化.从医学课程文化的内涵出发,从医学教育课程的核心价值观和课程形态两个层面阐述课程文化重塑的主要内容,并就医学院校课程文化重塑的目标和途径提出建议.     

浅谈医学院校科研现状及研究生培养管理

倡导良好的科研风尚并建立有效的研究生培养管理体制,对增强医学院校科研能力,提高研究生培养质量至关重要,也是当前高等医学教育工作者共同关心的问题。对医学院校科研现状及现行研究生培养管理模式中存在的问题进行分析,并提出若干思考及建议。     

医学哲学课堂教学效果的问卷调查与分析

运用问卷调查的方法对参加"医学哲学"公选课学习的99名学生进行调查,结果显示:通过教学,学生在中西医比较、医学文化、死亡观、疾病观的认识等方面收获较大;教师的学术声誉和教学内容等因素对学生的学习动机有较大的影响.     

A mediational model of power, affiliation and achievement motives and product involvement

A model based on McClelland's theory of human motivation was proposed in which motive incentives mediated the relationship between motive level (n Power, n Affiliation and n Achievement) and product involvement. This hypothesis was tested with 142 college students. Results indicate that power motive incentives successfully mediated the relationship between power motive level and product involvement for the expensive car and interview clothing conditions. Affiliation motive incentives mediated the relationship between affiliation motive level and involvement for greeting cards but not gifts. The two achievement products (scientific calculator and computer manual) failed to meet most of the criteria for mediation.Laura Schmidt is a psychology doctoral student and Irene Frieze is a professor of psychology and business administration at the University of Pittsburgh. This paper was based on the Master's thesis of the first author.We would like to thank S. Golin and Audrey Murrell for their helpful suggestions on this project.     

探讨和完善生物医学期刊来稿中的伦理学问题

生物医学期刊来稿中最常见的伦理学问题就是受试者“知情同意”的问题。生物医学期刊通过提高编辑人员素质、加强医学伦理学宣传教育、对来稿严格把关以及协助科研机构建立和完善伦理学审查委员会,不断探讨和完善来稿中的伦理学问题,这不仅是对受试者负责,而且有利于医学科研人员素质的提高,有利于生物医学研究健康、有序的发展。     

12种少数民族大学生成就动机与成功恐惧的研究

运用成就动机问卷和投射测验研究了12种447名少数民族大学生的成就动机与成功恐惧。结果表明:少数民族男大学生的成就动机和追求成功的动机强于女生,避免失败的动机弱于女生。其成功恐惧主要与人际关系、家庭、学业和事业有关。性别未对其成功恐惧产生显著影响。其避免失败的动机与成功恐惧呈显著负相关。     

Physician-Assisted Suicide in the United States: The Underlying Factors in Technology,Health Care and Palliative Medicine – Part One

In an age of rapid advances inlife-prolonging treatment, patients and caregivers areincreasingly facing tensions in making end-of-lifedecisions. An examination of the history of healthcare in the United States reveals technological,economic, and medical factors that have contributed tothe problems of terminal care and consequently to themovement of assisted suicide. The movement has itsroots in at least two fundamental perceptions andexpectations. In the age of technological medicineenergized by the profit motive, dying comes at a highprice in suffering and in personal economic loss. Thefailure to provide affordable resources for terminalcare is the result of the marketplace in health care. The medical profession has been painfully slow inresponding to the challenges of terminal care, mainlybecause of the pressures of the marketplace and lackof adequate training. This has occurred at a time ofrapid advances in life-sustaining treatment and ofexpanding public awareness of personal rights underthe law. Overly aggressive treatment in the finalstages of terminal illness has enhanced anxieties overa painfully prolonged and expensive dying. Thesefactors have promoted the movement to assistedsuicide. In the U.S. debate of the issues, ethiciststend to argue abstractly without examiningadequately the context of terminal care that is thehealth care system. It is a system in dire need of areform that will remove it from the marketplace.     

The Effectiveness of Sentence Cues in Measuring the Big Three Motives

Despite the popularity of free response measures in the motivation literature, research geared toward the development of a standard battery of cues for measuring the Big Three motives (achievement, affiliation, power) has been lacking. The current research examined the effectiveness of sentence cues in eliciting motive imagery in two studies (students, entrepreneurs) comprising 242 men and women. Results indicated that sentence cues were effective in eliciting achievement and affiliation imagery, but not power imagery. In addition, an examination of the subcategories underlying each motive scoring system indicated that there were several infrequently scored subcategories in the achievement and power motive scoring systems that could be considered for removal.     

The effectiveness of sentence cues in measuring the Big Three motives

Despite the popularity of free response measures in the motivation literature, research geared toward the development of a standard battery of cues for measuring the Big Three motives (achievement, affiliation, power) has been lacking. The current research examined the effectiveness of sentence cues in eliciting motive imagery in two studies (students, entrepreneurs) comprising 242 men and women. Results indicated that sentence cues were effective in eliciting achievement and affiliation imagery, but not power imagery. In addition, an examination of the subcategories underlying each motive scoring system indicated that there were several infrequently scored subcategories in the achievement and power motive scoring systems that could be considered for removal.     

“追名弃利”：权力动机与社会存在对亲社会行为的影响

目前关于权力动机的研究主要关注权力动机的阴暗面, 但是对权力动机的积极面尚不清楚。本研究从公平与合作行为的角度出发, 分别采用最后通牒博弈和公共物品博弈任务, 探讨不同权力动机水平个体在内隐(眼睛线索)或外显(他人在场)社会存在下的亲社会行为是否不同。结果发现, 在眼睛线索或他人在场条件下, 相对于低权力动机者, 高权力动机者表现出更高的公平与合作水平。然而当没有社会存在线索时, 高低权力动机者的亲社会行为没有显著差异。结果提示高权力动机者出于名誉和地位的策略考虑, 也会表现出积极的亲社会行为。     

The thematic apperception test: toward a standard measure of the big three motives

The application of the Thematic Apperception Test to the assessment of motives has been heralded as an important milestone in personality psychology. However, although this approach is well established, there is at present no standard battery of cues for measuring the Big Three motives (achievement, affiliation, power). Furthermore, the extent to which scoring subcategories contribute to overall motive scores has been neglected. Our research with students and managers examined the effectiveness of picture cues in eliciting motive imagery and the prevalence of scoring subcategories within each motive scoring system. Results from 2 data sets comprising 547 men and women suggested that there were 3 cues that should be retained for future research and that motive scoring systems could be refined through removal of redundant subcategories. Further research is needed to systematically investigate the effectiveness of a standard battery of cues and the validity of revised motive scoring systems.