微创医学--一个新的医学理论体系

在新的世纪里,为了回归医学本源、适应人类社会发展的需要,有必要探求一种新的医学智慧、建立一个新的医学系统.从历史唯物主义和辩证法的现点出发,在深入研究"微创"概念及内涵的发展演变、二十一世纪医学发展的未来趋势和社会对医学-医院最大要求的基础上,作者等以生物心理社会医学模式为基础,在学界提出了"微创医学"的概念、建立了"微创医学体系"并正在进行着微创医学的具体实践--在微创医学理论指导下建设"微创医院".本文详细描述了微创医学体系:基本理论系统和临床架构系统.创立微创医学体系的根本目的在于在医学上、在医院里达到真正实现"以人为本"的理念.     

Philosophy of medicine 2017: reviewing the situation

In this introduction to a special subsection of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics comprising separate reviews of the Springer Handbook of the Philosophy of Medicine, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Medicine, and The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Philosophy of Medicine, I compare the three texts with respect to their overall organization and their approach to the relation between the science and the art of medicine. I then indicate two areas that merit more explicit attention in developing a comprehensive philosophy of medicine going forward: health economics and systematic relations within the field as a whole. The reviews that follow speak for themselves.     

Hermeneutics and the Philosophy of Medicine: Hans-Georg Gadamer'sPlatonic Metaphor

Taking as our starting point Plato'smetaphor of the doctor as philosopher we reflect on some aspects of the epistemological status of medicine. The framework to this paper is the hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer which shows the paradoxical nature of Western medicine in choosing the body-object as its investigative starting point, while in actual fact dealing with subjects. Gadamer proposes a model of medicine as the art of understanding and dialogue, which is capable of bringing together its various constituent parts, i.e. knowledge, knowing how to do and knowing how to be, in medical practice and in the physician'straining. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the dyadic figure of the physician as Platonic master of the living totality and wounded healer, capable of activating the patient'sself-healing capacity.     

Philosophy and the practice of Bayesian statistics

A substantial school in the philosophy of science identifies Bayesian inference with inductive inference and even rationality as such, and seems to be strengthened by the rise and practical success of Bayesian statistics. We argue that the most successful forms of Bayesian statistics do not actually support that particular philosophy but rather accord much better with sophisticated forms of hypothetico‐deductivism. We examine the actual role played by prior distributions in Bayesian models, and the crucial aspects of model checking and model revision, which fall outside the scope of Bayesian confirmation theory. We draw on the literature on the consistency of Bayesian updating and also on our experience of applied work in social science. Clarity about these matters should benefit not just philosophy of science, but also statistical practice. At best, the inductivist view has encouraged researchers to fit and compare models without checking them; at worst, theorists have actively discouraged practitioners from performing model checking because it does not fit into their framework.     

Philosophy of medicine in the Netherlands

This report explores the relationship between philosophy and medicine in the Netherlands. In Section 1 we outline the ups and downs of medico-philosophical research in our country: pre-war flourishing, post-war decline, and modern renaissance. In Section 2 we review recent Dutch literature in the philosophy of medicine. The topics dealt with include methodology of medical science, alternative medicine, the basic concepts of medicine, anthropological medicine, medicalization, medicine and culture, and health care ethics.     

《医学与哲学:人文社会医学版》2001-2006年的论文作者分析

依据文献计量学原理,探讨《医学与哲学：人文社会医学版》杂志以及该杂志改版后的“人文社会医学版”（2005年9月）载文作者、机构及地区情况,客观地反映了我国医学哲学的研究现状和发展趋势。讨论《医学与哲学：人文社会医学版》发文各项统计数量的意义。《医学与哲学：人文社会医学版》的作者队伍分布范围广,具有一定的国际性质。     

论医学哲学范畴

医学哲学范畴是医学哲学理论体系中最基本和最深刻的概念,是人们把握生命和健康问题的认识纲领,是对医学问题进行逻辑归类的思维形式.医学哲学范畴是哲学与医学之间多重学术关系的统一,是抽象性与具体性、普遍性与特殊性、稳定性与变易性的结合,体现了学术价值、实践价值和文化价值的等多重价值.医学哲学范畴研究以创新研究为灵魂,以基础研究为根本,以应用研究为标的.     

满川风雨看潮生——《医学与哲学》激流勇进30年

30年来,<医学与哲学>立足于医学哲学之形而上的思想高地,关注医学发展重大问题,铸造医学人文精神;为我国医学事业的发展提供正确的导向和精神动力;矢志不移地致力于我国人文社会医学的学科建设,将学术期刊建构成为全国性的人文社会医学高端学术平台.<医学与哲学>形成的特色和业绩,构成了值得关注和研究的"<医学与哲学>现象".     

论医学哲学范畴

医学哲学范畴是医学哲学理论体系中最基本和最深刻的概念,是人们把握生命和健康问题的认识纲领,是对医学问题进行逻辑归类的思维形式。医学哲学范畴是哲学与医学之间多重学术关系的统一,是抽象性与具体性、普遍性与特殊性、稳定性与变易性的结合,体现了学术价值、实践价值和文化价值的等多重价值。医学哲学范畴研究以创新研究为灵魂,以基础研究为根本,以应用研究为标的。     

Explanation and Understanding Revisited: Bohman and the New Philosophy of Social Science

James Bohman has succeeded in reinvigorating the old debate over explanation and understanding by situating it within contemporary discussions about sociological indeterminacy and complexity. I argue that Bohman's preference for a paradigm based on Habermas's theory of communicative action is justifiable given the explanatory deficiencies of ethnomethodological, rational choice, rule-based, and functionalist methodologies. Yet I do not share his belief that the paradigm is preferable to less formalized models of interpretation.     

Understanding the effects of task-specific practice in the brain: Insights from individual-differences analyses

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study practice effects in different mental imagery tasks. The study was designed to address three general questions: First, are the results of standard group-based analyses the same as those of a regression method in which brain activation changes over individual participants are used to predict task performance changes? With respect to the effects of practice, the answer was clear: Group-based analyses produced different results from regression-based individual-differences analyses. Second, are all brain areas that predict practice effects consistently activated across participants? Again, the answer was clear: Most areas that predicted the effects of practice on performance were not activated consistently over participants. Finally, does practice affect different areas in different ways for different people in different tasks? The answer was again clear: The areas that predicted changes in performance with practice varied for the different tasks, but this was more dramatically and clearly revealed by the individual-differences analyses. In short, individual-differences analyses provided insights into the relation between changes in brain activation and changes in accompanying performance, and these insights were not provided by standard group-based analyses.     

判断医疗无效:医学与哲学的分析

医疗是否无效可以从生理角度、生命素质或疗程成功率三方面去评估。无论是用科学方法、质量方法或数量方法去评估医疗是否无效,它们都各自含有主观的价值观念。因此,医院无效不是一个客观或价值中立的概念。医患之间任何一方的价值观念都不应具有优先权利。最合理的方法是容许许价值观有平等参与决策的机会,包括医疗的目标与期望,及判断医疗失败与无效的准则。     

成年·成就:健步迈向新千年的《医学与哲学》

当《医学与哲学》创刊 2 0周年 ,正以长大成人的气魄和魅力迈向新千年的时候 ,作为在学术上与之息息相关、内心深处真挚地热爱着他的读者、作者 ,我衷心地祝贺《医学与哲学》步入成年、长大成人 ,更衷心地祝愿他走向成就 ,走向辉煌 !热爱的含金量 ,期盼的价值量 ,其实并不取决于漂亮溢美的词藻 ,而在于理性的求真务实的回顾与前瞻。在决定撰写这篇纪念性短文时 ,我把创刊号直至最新一期的所有的《医学与哲学》都集中在一起 ,一一浏览 ,然后于凝望沉思中我在想一个问题 :在人文精神无奈地遭受冷遇、被边缘化的氛围中 ,该怎样评判自问世以来一…     

重建医学哲学学科的“公共性”

作为医学科学技术类硕士生的一门公共课,医学哲学学科有其独特的“公共性”。医学哲学学科当前面临的一个大的问题就是整个知识系统“公共性”的丧失和它原有的“公共性”的失效。医学哲学学科必须在新语境下重建“公共性”,才能寻回自身的合理性。医学哲学学科的“公共性”需要从开放性、批判性、学术性、介入性、当下性和人文性等几个方面来进行重建。     

重建医学哲学学科的"公共性"

作为医学科学技术类硕士生的一门公共课,医学哲学学科有其独特的"公共性".医学哲学学科当前面临的一个大的问题就是整个知识系统"公共性"的丧失和它原有的"公共性"的失效.医学哲学学科必须在新语境下重建"公共性",才能寻回自身的合理性.医学哲学学科的"公共性"需要从开放性、批判性、学术性、介入性、当下性和人文性等几个方面来进行重建.     

从科学的时空观看现代临床医学的局限性

时空是世间万物存在的载体,也是万物运行的物质基础。在一定意义上讲空间和时间都是无限的。然而,我们所经历的时空又都是有限的。本文从时空的维度论证现代临床医学的局限性和有限性。从时间的维度上看,无论在门诊还是住院期间我们对疾病的认识仅仅看到疾病过程中的中段或极期,而没有观察到疾病的潜伏期或前驱期,更没有观察到疾病的康复期。从空间的维度上看,现代临床医学分科过细使我们无法从整体上完整地理解疾病的全貌和本质,以及各个脏器的结构和功能变化之间的内在联系。     

Philosophy of medicine in the United Kingdom

This report explores the relationship between philosophy and medicine in the U.K. We note that medical training involves very little formal instruction in philosophy and ethics, and that, with few exceptions, philosophers in the U.K. do not contribute to the instruction of physicians or the philosophy of medicine. However, reviewing the problems arising out of recent developments within scientific medicine we find a pressing need for future philosophical analysis in the following areas: psychiatry, organ transplantation, abortion, euthanasia, experiments on living subjects, consent, confidentiality, the relationship between medicine and political authority, and the provisions for social justice in medicine.