Análisis inyuntivo de la interacción: Un sistema de categorías (S.A.I.I.)

Resumen

En este artículo se expone un nuevo sistema de análisis de la interacción, basado en los análogos de la petición y oferta de objetos y de la aprehensión, conservación y uso de instrumentos, diseñado para dar cuenta de procesos de control interpersonal en las interacciones cara a cara. Se dan muestras de la aplicación de sus categorías y se ofrecen pruebas de su fiabilidad.     

Le noyau de l’évaluation de soi : revue de question

In this article, we present a review of the research on core self-evaluation or positive self-concept, a broad personality trait indicated by four narrow traits: self esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control and emotional stability. We review evidence suggesting that the four core traits are highly related and load on a single unitary factor. We more generally investigate the construct validity of core self-evaluation through its relation with job satisfaction, job performance and the five-factor model. Finally, we also report on the development and validation by T. Judge of the first direct measure of the concept.     

Contrôle d’animations multimédias par des enfants de dix à 11 ans : quel effet des dispositifs de contrôle ?

The present study aims at exploring the effect of user control on learning from technical animations. First, the concept of user controllability is defined and possible reasons for the divergent findings concerning its effectiveness in supporting learning are considered. Second, an empirical study is reported, in which young learners studied the operation of gear systems from animated instruction involving different levels of user control. Finally, results of the study are discussed and related to processing constraints that may influence the educational effectiveness of user controllable animations.     

Les théories implicites de l’intelligence : une question de perspectives ?

IntroductionImplicit theories of intelligence are beliefs that people form regarding the malleability of intelligence. The so-called “growth” and “fixed” mindsets respectively view intelligence as a characteristic that can or cannot be changed. Psychology, as a science, also offers diverging responses. The developmental and differential traditions in the study of intelligence merely provide different answers because they do not focus on the same sources of variability nor on the same dimensions of intelligence.ObjectivesThe research question that guided the present studies was: Are people's naïve theories influenced by the same factors that drive developmental and differential psychologists to different conclusions?MethodIn Study 1, we first assessed participants’ (n = 509) reference norm orientation (i.e. whether they tend to focus on individual or social comparison), using a task in which they had to predict the school results of an hypothetical child. Then we administered a French version of Dweck's (2007) mindset scale. In study 2, we first asked participants (n = 530) to choose between two definitions of intelligence focusing either on its fluid or crystalized dimensions. Then we administered the French Mindset Scale and asked participants to justify their conclusion.ResultsBoth variables of interest (reference norm orientation and preferred definition of intelligence) had a significant effect on the participant's incremental beliefs.ConclusionThe results of the two studies as well as the qualitative analysis of participants’ arguments suggest that mindsets, like scientific theories, partly stem from the fact that the same question regarding intelligence malleability can be approached with two different perspectives.     

Évaluation de la douleur chez le bébé de moins de 36 mois : application du modèle de Rasch

This study has used an Item Response Theory model (IRT model), specifically the Rasch model, to construct a new observational scale for the assessment of pain in infants less than 36 months old. Results showed that the Rasch model is ideally suited to building an assessment instrument for postoperative pain in this particular age group. Indeed, based on this methodology 21 dichotomous items have been selected that fit to the assessment of postoperative pain in infants aged three to 24 months. Despite some limitations, this study makes a convincing case for the use of Rasch model in instrument design and allowed us to highlight some developmental and behavioral dimensions of the postoperative pain experience in infants.     

L’effet du sens du travail sur l’intention de quitter des personnels soignants en EHPAD. Quel impact de la satisfaction au travail et de la charge de travail ?

The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between the meaning of work and the intention to leave, job satisfaction and workload in a pre-pandemic context. In a population highly affected by turnover problems, care assistants working in French EHPAD (n = 125) completed a self-administered online questionnaire. The results of the study show a significant link between the variables mentioned above. Job satisfaction exerts a mediating effect between the meaning of work and the intention to leave. This mediation is not found for workload. This study highlights the interest of working on the meaning of work as a possible lever against the intention to leave.     

La mémoire verbale à court terme : un simple produit des interactions entre systèmes langagiers, attentionnels et de traitement de l’ordre sériel ?

This literature review examines the links between verbal short-term memory (STM) and language processing, by trying to determine to what extent STM is a distinct system relative to the language system. In order to answer this question, we will distinguish between “item” and “serial order” information, which is a critical distinction for the study of STM. We will develop a theoretical proposal considering that STM results from the interaction of multiple processes and systems: temporary activation of the language system for the storage of “item” information; the intervention of a specialized system for the processing of serial order and the intervention of an attentional modulator.     

Étude de l’avis du défenseur des Droits sur l’interprétation de l’article L.2141-11 du Code de la santé publique

To acknowledge the article L2141-11 CSP to be interpreted as allowing transsexual persons, who engaged themselves in a male-to-female transition path, to benefit from gametes’ self-conservation, the French Ombudsman requests that any future usages should not be taken into account in any submission analysis. This theoretical position implies two main criticisms. On one hand, it does not comply with the literal meaning and the intended objective of article L2141-11 CSP which, at contrary, imposes to check both of the origin of predictable infertility and the aim of gametes’ self-conservation. On the other hand, it refrains from considering what lies under the request by minimizing its societal background meaning the gender recognition instead of sexed reality.     

L’addiction au travail : quels effets de la charge de travail,de la dissonance émotionnelle et du surinvestissement ?

The present study aimed to assess workaholism in the light of job demands (psychological demands, efforts, emotional dissonance) and job resources (control, social support, rewards). The study was conducted among 342 employment counselors. The results revealed that the employment counselors would have all the more workaholism behaviors that the organizational context expose them to high levels of psychological demands and efforts, high levels of over-commitment and emotional dissonance and low levels of social support and rewards. Multiple regressions highlighted the central role of psychological demands, over-investment and emotional dissonance to reveal workaholism.