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1.
Elaine M. Eshbaugh 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(1):127-139
The association of adolescents’ perceptions of family relationships and adolescent depressive symptoms was investigated using
a sample of 2,918 youth participating in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Boys showed fewer depressive symptoms
than girls, as hypothesized. In general, adolescents’ perceptions of family relationships were negatively related to depressive
symptoms. Mother support of father predicted depressive symptoms for girls only, whereas father support of mother predicted
depressive symptoms for boys only. These findings contradict previous research that suggested family functioning is more related
to outcomes of adolescent girls than boys. Suggestions for future research and implications for marital and family therapists
are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Chango JM McElhaney KB Allen JP Schad MM Marston E 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(3):369-379
The role of rejection sensitivity as a critical diathesis moderating the link between adolescent relational stressors and
depressive symptoms was examined using multi-method, multi-reporter data from a diverse community sample of 173 adolescents,
followed from age 16 to 18. Relational stressors examined included emotional abuse, maternal behavior undermining adolescents’
autonomy and relatedness, and lack of support from close peers. As hypothesized, multiple relational stressors were found
to predict the future development of depressive symptoms, but as hypothesized predictions existed primarily for adolescents
who were highly rejection sensitive. Results are discussed in terms of a diathesis-stress model of depression and suggest
that though relational stressors have previously shown consistent modest links to depressive symptoms, understanding pre-existing
intrapsychic vulnerabilities of the adolescent may be critical to identifying the processes by which such stressors lead to
depressive symptoms. 相似文献
3.
Benjamin J. Houltberg Carolyn S. Henry Michael J. Merten Linda C. Robinson 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(1):111-119
Using a sample of 248 ninth and tenth grade students at public high schools, we examined adolescents’ perceptions of family
connectedness, intrinsic religiosity, and adolescents’ gender in relation to depressed mood and whether intrinsic religiosity
and gender moderated the association of aspects of family connectedness to adolescent depressed mood. Using hierarchical multiple
regression analyses we tested models separately for three forms of family connectedness (overall family cohesion, mothers’
support, and fathers’ support), intrinsic religiosity, and depressed mood. In each model, family connectedness was negatively
associated with depressed mood. Intrinsic religiosity was not significantly associated with depressed mood. However, in the
mothers’ support model, both a two-way interaction (mothers’ support × intrinsic religiosity) and a three-way interaction
(adolescents’ gender × mothers’ support × intrinsic religiosity) were significantly related to depressed mood. In the two-way
interaction, higher intrinsic religiosity was a moderator, strengthening the association between mothers’ support and depressed
mood. In the three-way interaction, gender differences were found. For boys, high intrinsic religiosity strengthened the association
between mothers’ support and depressed mood. Among girls, when mothers’ support was low, intrinsic religiosity provided an
additional source of connectedness in protecting against depressed mood. Our findings show that connectedness in overall family
systems, mother–adolescent subsystems, and father–adolescent subsystems are all important to emotional resilience in adolescents
by protecting against depressed mood. Future studies of adolescent religiosity may benefit from including diverse forms of
family connectedness in understanding the protective processes provided by aspects of religiosity in promoting adolescents’
emotional resilience. 相似文献
4.
Jennifer Betts Eleonora Gullone J. Sabura Allen 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2009,27(2):473-485
Given that depression is a debilitating disorder, it is critical that we advance our understanding about the aetiology of this disorder. This study investigated both traditional (temperament and parenting) and novel (emotion regulation strategy) risk factors associated with adolescent depression. Forty‐four adolescents (12–16 years; 64% females) with high scores on a self‐report depressive symptomatology questionnaire were compared to a similar group of 44 adolescents with low scores, matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Significant group differences were present on all assessed risk factors. The presence of high depressive symptomatology was found to be associated with (1) low levels of temperamentally based positive mood, flexibility, and approach behaviours, (2) a parenting style characterized by low nurturance and high overprotection, and (3) emotion regulation characterized by higher levels of expressive suppression and lower levels of cognitive reappraisal. It was concluded that, in addition to specific temperament characteristics and parenting style, use of particular emotion regulation strategies is associated with varying levels of depressive symptomatology. These findings reinforce the importance of incorporating emotion regulation into explanatory models of depression symptomatology. Further research that tests the direction of effects for these cross‐sectional findings is warranted. 相似文献
5.
Elizabeth Mazur 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):517-537
This study merged stress-and-coping research with the social model of disability to describe the most frequently experienced
disability-related events experienced by 19 parents with acquired physical disabilities and their adolescent children, and
examined the relations between these events, severity of disability, and psychological adjustment. Parents and adolescents
reported many more positive than negative disability-related events, although parents reported significantly more negative
events than did their children. Frequency of parents’ experienced negative disability-related events correlated significantly
with self-reported anxiety, depression, and weaker feelings of parental self-efficacy, with their reports of adolescents’
internalizing and externalizing problems, and with adolescents’ self-reports of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem.
Frequency of adolescents’ negative disability-related events correlated significantly with self-reported depression and lower
self-esteem, and approached significance with self-reported anxiety. There were no significant associations between parents’
positive events and self-reported or adolescent adjustment. Total frequency of adolescents’ positive events correlated significantly
with less parent-reported anxiety. There were several significant associations between parental rating of severity of disability
and number of physical limitations with their and their children’s adjustment. Implications for understanding the daily effects
of parental physical disability on parents and their adolescent children are discussed, and recommendations are suggested
for prevention interventions. 相似文献
6.
Jaser SS Champion JE Dharamsi KR Riesing MM Compas BE 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):353-360
The adolescent children of depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression, but little is known about protective factors
for these children. Maintenance of positive affect in a stressful context may be an important marker of resilience. Mothers
with (n = 34) and without (n = 38) a history of depression and their adolescent children completed questionnaires regarding adolescents’ coping and depressive
symptoms and engaged in a 15 min videotaped interaction about family stress. Adolescents’ observed behaviors were coded using
the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. No significant differences emerged in observed behavior between adolescents of
mothers with and without a history of depression. Higher levels of primary and secondary control coping and lower levels of
disengagement coping were related to higher levels of observed positive mood and fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Observed positive mood was related to fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents, even after accounting for maternal history
of depression and current maternal depressive symptoms. Results suggest the importance of considering positive affect in the
context of family stress as a marker of resilience in adolescents at risk for depression. The current study provides evidence
for coping as a protective factor, related to higher levels of positive affect and fewer depressive symptoms, in adolescents
exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. 相似文献
7.
Kate Keenan Alison Hipwell Amanda Hinze Dara Babinski 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(5):739-747
Emotion dysregulation is often invoked as an important construct for understanding risk for psychopathology, but specificity
of domains of emotion regulation in clinically relevant research is often lacking. In the present study Gross’ (2001) model of emotion regulation is used to generate hypotheses regarding the relative contribution of two specific types of
deficits in emotion regulation, inhibited and disinhibited expression of negative emotion, to individual differences in depressive
symptoms in preadolescent girls. A sample of 232 9-year-old girls was recruited from a community based study. Depression symptoms
were assessed via diagnostic interview. The mother and interviewer rated the girl’s level of impairment. Questionnaires and
observations were used to assess inhibited and disinhibited expression of negative emotion. Differences in inhibited expression
of negative emotion typically explained more variance in depressive symptoms and impairment across informants than did disinhibited
expression of negative emotion. Although disinhibited expression of negative emotion is associated with depression and impairment,
inhibited expression appeared to be a necessary ingredient, suggesting that inhibited expression may be a particularly relevant
deficit in emotion regulation in the development of depression in females. 相似文献
8.
Kam CM Greenberg MT Bierman KL Coie JD Dodge KA Foster ME Lochman JE McMahon RJ Pinderhughes EE;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):365-377
This longitudinal study examined processes that mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and peer social
preference during the early school years. Three hundred and fifty six kindergarten children (182 boys) and their mothers participated
in the study. During kindergarten, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. In first grade, teachers rated
children’s emotion regulation at school and observers rated the affective quality of mother-child interactions. During second
grade, children’s social preference was assessed by peer nomination. Results indicated that mothers’ level of depressive symptomatology
negatively predicted their child’s social preference 2 years later, controlling for the family SES and teacher-rated social
preference during kindergarten. Among European American families, the association between maternal depressive symptoms and
social preference was partially mediated by maternal warmth and the child’s emotion regulation. Although the relation between
maternal depressive symptoms and children peer preference was stronger among African American families than Europrean American
families, its mediation by the maternal warmth and child’s emotion regulation was not found in African American families. 相似文献
9.
Michael J. Mason Christopher Schmidt Anisha Abraham Leslie Walker Kenneth Tercyak 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):346-354
The present study examined components of adolescents’ social environment (social network, extracurricular activities, and
family relationships) in association with depression. A total of 332 adolescents presenting for a routine medical check-up
were self-assessed for social network risk (i.e., smoking habits of best male and female friends), extracurricular activity
level (i.e., participation in organized sports teams, clubs, etc.), family relationship quality (i.e., cohesion and conflict),
and symptoms of depression (i.e., minimal, mild, moderate/severe). Results of a forward linear regression modeling indicate
that social environment components were associated with a significant proportion of the variance in adolescent depression
(Adjusted R
2 = .177, p ≤ .05). Specifically, adolescent females (β = .166, p < .01) and those having more smokers in their social network (β = .107, p < .05) presented with significantly greater depression symptoms. Conversely, adolescents who engaged in more extracurricular
activities (β = −.118, p < .05) and experienced higher quality family relationships (β = −.368, p < .001) presented with significantly lower depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the important role that the social
environment plays in adolescent depression, as well as yields new insights into socially-based intervention targets that may
ameliorate adolescent depression. These intervention targets may be gender-specific, include positive social network skills
training, increase adolescents’ engagement in organized activities, and attend to the quality of their family relationships. 相似文献
10.
Sustained negative affect is a hallmark feature of depressive episodes. The ability to regulate emotional responses to negative events may therefore play a critical role in our understanding of this debilitating disorder. Individual differences in cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and interpretation may underlie difficulties in emotion regulation and numerous studies have identified cognitive biases and deficits that characterise depressed people. Few studies, however, have explicitly linked these biases to the difficulties in emotion regulation that are associated with depression. In this paper we discuss relations among cognitive processes and emotion regulation and review the depression literature to identify cognitive biases and deficits that may underlie maladaptive responses to negative events and mood states. Our review suggests that difficulties in the disengagement from negative material, memory biases, and deficits in cognitive control are frequently observed in depressive disorders and may be associated with the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination. These biases may also be related to difficulties implementing strategies that are effective for non-depressed people, such as recall of mood-incongruent material and reappraisal. Our review also suggests, however, that empirical studies linking cognitive biases and emotion regulation in depression are still largely missing and would present an important goal for future research in this area. 相似文献
11.
Mitchell J. Prinstein Nicole Heilbron John D. Guerry Joseph C. Franklin Diana Rancourt Valerie Simon Anthony Spirito 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):669-682
Research suggests that adolescents’ engagement in nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors may be increasing over time,
yet little is known regarding distal longitudinal factors that may promote engagement in these behaviors. Data from two longitudinal
studies are presented to examine whether NSSI may be associated with peer influence processes. Study 1 included 377 adolescents
from a community-based sample; Study 2 included 140 clinically-referred adolescents recruited from a psychiatric inpatient
facility. In Study 1, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline and one year later. Adolescents’ nominated best friend reported
their own levels of NSSI. In Study 2, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline as well as 9 and 18-months post-baseline.
Adolescents’ perceptions of their friends’ engagement in self-injurious behavior (including suicidality) and depressed mood
also were examined at all three time points. Baseline depressive symptoms were measured in both studies; gender and age were
examined as moderators of peer influence effects. Results from both studies supported longitudinal peer socialization effects
of friends’ self-injurious behavior on adolescents’ own NSSI for girls, but not for boys, even after controlling for depressive
symptoms as a predictor. Study 1 suggested socialization effects mostly for younger youth. Results from Study 2 also suggested
longitudinal socialization effects, as well as peer selection effects; adolescents’ NSSI was associated with increasing perceptions
of their friends’ engagement in depressive/self-injurious thoughts and behavior. Findings contribute to the nascent literature
on longitudinal predictors of NSSI and to work on peer influence. 相似文献
12.
The role of deviant peers in adolescent antisocial behavior has been well documented, but less is known about individual differences
in susceptibility to negative peer influence. This study examined whether specific temperament dimensions moderate the prospective
relationship between peer deviance and delinquent behavior in early adolescence. Participants included 704 adolescents recruited
from the community. At baseline, parents provided information on adolescents’ temperament and youth reported on their own
and their friends’ delinquent behavior. Self-reports of adolescents’ delinquent behavior were collected again 16 months later.
Peer deviance was related to delinquent behavior over time more strongly for adolescents with low levels of task orientation,
flexibility, and positive mood, compared to youth with high levels of task orientation, flexibility, and positive mood. Analyses
of gender differences indicated that low flexibility increased susceptibility to negative peer influence only for males, but
not females. General activity level and sleep rhythmicity did not moderate the effect of peer behavior on delinquency. 相似文献
13.
Alexandra Loukas 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(8):1113-1122
The present study examined a) the associations between adolescent-reported maternal psychological control and self-reported
internalizing problems one year later, while simultaneously examining the opposite direction of effects and b) the equivalence
of these associations across gender. Participants were 479 10-to-14-year old adolescents (55% female) participating in two
waves of a study. Results from multi-group, cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that although early adolescents’ depressive
symptoms and social anxiety predicted change in perceived maternal psychological control one year later, perceived maternal
psychological control did not predict change in early adolescents’ internalizing problems. Elevated levels of depressive symptoms
were associated with increased levels of perceived maternal psychological control one year later, whereas elevated levels
of social anxiety were associated with decreased levels. Aforementioned findings were consistent across boys’ and girls’ data.
Study findings extend limited research on adolescent effects, demonstrating that early adolescents’ internalizing problems
play a role in perceived maternal psychological control. 相似文献
14.
Positive and Negative Affect in Parents and Adolescents: Gender and Assessment Method Considerations
This study examined adolescents’ self-reports and parents’ reports of adolescents’ positive and negative affect toward their
parents, as well as mothers’ and fathers’ self-reports of positive and negative affect toward their adolescents. Based on
behavioral observations, adolescent–parent interactions were examined to determine the relation between adolescent–parent
behavior, adolescents’ perceptions of parental affect, and parents’ perceptions of adolescent affect. Gender of adolescents,
gender of parents, and adolescent gender by parent gender interaction effects were studied as was adolescents’ age. Findings
suggest that parent gender (i.e., mothers and fathers) and adolescent gender (i.e., boys and girls) are important considerations
when studying affect in parent–adolescent relationships. Age-related differences were not evident. Results are discussed with
an eye toward improving the assessment of parent–adolescent affect by using multiple methods of assessment such as direct
behavioral observations and multiple informants on questionnaire measures. 相似文献
15.
Gisela Perez-Olivas Jim Stevenson Julie A. Hadwin 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(2):232-239
We explored the association between maternal panic-like and depression symptoms with the offspring’s separation-related interpretive
bias in a community sample. Separation anxiety has been found to be a precursor of panic disorders; therefore we focused on
children and adolescents’ (aged 7–14 years) interpretive bias tapping into separation concerns using a story-based task. We
collected self-reports and maternal reports of the levels of separation anxiety in the offspring. To assess maternal panic-like
symptoms, we measured interoceptive and agoraphobic fears; as they have been found to increase the likelihood of experiencing
panic disorders. The results showed that elevated levels of maternal interoceptive fears and agoraphobia co-occurring with
depression were associated with an interpretive bias that related to separation anxiety concerns in children and adolescents.
Offspring whose mothers experienced elevated panic-like symptoms together with depression did not show an interpretive bias
linked to generalized anxiety concerns, suggesting the bias is content specific. The clinical significance of these findings
stems from giving insight as to what extent separation interpretive biases would be influenced by maternal mental health variables,
as these biases could constitute a vulnerability factor for later psychopathology. Further research is merited to address
the findings with a longitudinal approach. 相似文献
16.
Goal orientation theory is concerned with performance and learning goals in academic, athletic, and other ability areas. Here
we examine performance and learning goals for emotion regulation. We define performance goals for emotion regulation as seeking
to prove one’s ability to manage emotions; learning goals for emotion regulation are defined as seeking to improve one’s ability to manage emotions. In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that performance goals for emotion regulation
would be associated with greater use of defensive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms. Results from both
studies showed that individuals with greater performance goals for emotion regulation reported higher levels of rumination
and thought suppression and greater depressive symptoms, while individuals with greater learning goals reported greater use
of cognitive reappraisal. The findings suggest that goals for emotion regulation may help explain individual differences in
use of defensive versus constructive emotion regulation strategies. 相似文献
17.
This longitudinal investigation examined the effects of maternal depression and concomitant negative parenting behaviors on
children’s emotion regulation patterns and socioemotional functioning. One hundred fifty-one mothers and their children were
assessed when children were approximately 1 1/2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-years of age. Ninety-three of the children had mothers with
a history of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) that had occurred within the first 21 months of the child’s birth, and 58 of
the children had mothers without any history of MDD. Early-occurring Initial maternal depression predicted children’s dysregulated
emotion patterns at age 4 and decreased perceived competence ratings at age 5. Initial maternal depression also indirectly
predicted decreased child social acceptance ratings at age 5 through its association with dysregulated emotion patterns. Furthermore,
the relation between maternal depression and children’s decreased social acceptance was more pronounced in those offspring
with a history of high versus low maternal negativity exposure. Findings increase understanding of the processes by which
maternal depression confers risk on children’s socioemotional adjustment. 相似文献
18.
Jalika Street April Harris-Britt Chanequa Walker-Barnes 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):412-420
Ethnic identity has been linked to a number of healthy psychological outcomes for African American adolescents. The levels
of conflict and cohesion in the family environment have also been found to be predictive of adolescent mental health. This
study examined whether the ethnic identity and levels of conflict and cohesion in the family environments were related to
adolescents’ psychological adjustment. Participants included 61 African American adolescents, ages 10–14 years old, and their
parents. Hierarchical regression models were used to determine the cumulative effects of ethnic identity and family functioning
on adolescent mental health, specifically adolescent levels of depression, self-esteem, and interpersonal functioning. Results
indicated that having a positive ethnic identity and a cohesive family environment were most strongly associated with psychological
adjustment. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of family interventions. 相似文献
19.
Erika M. Manczak Deanna Williams Edith Chen 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2017,45(4):643-656
Whereas previous research on environmental factors implicated in the intergenerational transmission of depression has tended to focus on the role of parenting quality (e.g., harshness), the current study sought to assess whether structural aspects of families may contribute to depression-relevant affective and immune processes in youths. Specifically, the present study examined the role of family routines in linking parental depressive symptoms to youth emotion regulation, a depression-relevant marker of low-grade inflammation, and depressive symptoms in youths. 261 parent-adolescent dyads reported on their own depressive symptoms, family routines, and youths’ emotion regulation abilities. In addition, peripheral blood was drawn from youths to assess levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Path analyses provided support for a model in which parental depressive symptoms related to fewer family routines, which in turn were associated with higher IL-6 and depressive symptoms in youths as well as marginally associated with worse youth emotion regulation. Moreover, family routines were found to statistically account for part of the association between parent- and youth- depressive symptoms. Together, these results suggest that family routines may represent an additional facet of the family environment that can potentially contribute to the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms. 相似文献
20.
The current prospective study investigated transactional relations between maternal depressive symptoms and children’s depressive
and externalizing symptoms. Participants included 240 children (M age = 11.86 years, SD = 0.56; 53.9% female) and their mothers who were part of a 6-year longitudinal study. Measures of maternal depression (Beck
Depression Inventory), child depression (Children’s Depression Inventory), and children’s externalizing symptoms (Youth Self-Report
Form) were assessed annually. Data analyses using dynamic latent difference score structural equation models indicated that
the observed relations between mothers’ and adolescents’ symptoms were stable across the 6 years. Higher levels of maternal
depressive symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in children’s depressive symptoms and in their externalizing problems
over time. Among mothers with high initial levels of depression, children’s depressive symptoms predicted subsequent declines
in mothers’ depressive symptoms. Children’s externalizing problems were not related to subsequent change in maternal symptoms. 相似文献