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个体认知方式与材料复杂性对视空间工作记忆的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用计算机呈现的Corsi积木点击任务,探讨了不同认知方式个体对材料的路径、结构和数量复杂性不同的视空间工作记忆的广度。研究结果表明:(1)场独立性认知方式是影响视空间工作记忆广度的一个重要的个别差异变量,在路径复杂或呈现的材料结构随机的条件下,场独立者的视空间工作记忆广度明显高于场依存者;(2)材料呈现的路径、数量是影响视空间记忆广度的重要因素,在路径简单或数量少的情况下被试的视空间记忆广度要明显得高 相似文献
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本研究设计了三个识记测验(数字组织测验、类群集测验、主观组织测验),对弱智儿童识记时记忆组织特点进行研究,结果表明,弱智儿童识记表现出以下特征:1.大多数弱智儿童采用机械识记法,记忆的数字组织水平很低,只在难度低的项目中表现出有记忆组织的能力,对类群集和无关联材料的记忆,没有记忆组织的能力。2.在对数字组织材料识记时,要借助于外部言语和手的动作,识记速度缓慢。3.识记时记忆监控能力很差。研究还表明:有无利用记忆组织识记是影响回忆量的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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本研究通过两个实验探讨了刺激呈现频度、刺激的形式及其性质、加工深度、操作难度、意向性诸因素对频度记忆的影响,结果表明频度编码并不是一个独立、自动的加工系统,对其它识记过程有影响的因素同时也能改变被试的频度估计水平;意向的作用主要体现在当识记任务有一定难度且又缺乏有效的回忆线索时,能够在有限的范围内提高频度估计的水平;记忆痕迹的深度和广度对于频度信息的提取来说是两个彼此关联的线索。此外,本文还就频度记忆领域几个主要理论观点作了简要评述。 相似文献
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该研究探讨语义范畴组织在长时记忆项目再认任务中的作用。实验材料的记忆广度内和记忆广度外词表,实验采用项目再认固定集程序。结果表明被试反应时间随记忆集增加而增加,同时“是”“否”反应的斜率一致; 相似文献
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3—14岁儿童记忆发展的某些特点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
儿童少年在记忆发展方面有些什么特点?我们在研究智力超常儿童记忆特点的同时,对3—14岁常态儿童的记忆发展情况作了探索。主要了解他们在记忆广度、识记速度、记忆的精确性、保持的持久性等方面的发展情况。为此,我们设计了四个测试项目:①数跟读,主要是测试被试的记忆广度;②按形填数(3—6岁儿童用“按图填色”),主要是测试被试的识记速度;③图片再认,主要是测试被试的记忆精确性。以上三项基本上属于短时记忆。 相似文献
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50—90岁成人的短时记忆研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本工作研究了102例50—90岁成人的短时记忆,其中85例进行了较详细的体格检查。以22例20—25岁青年的记忆检查作为对照,结果看到: 1.在图片自由回忆、逻辑故事识记、数字广度识记三个项目上,记忆都有随年龄增长而逐步减退的明显趋势; 2.识记逻辑故事时,对中心意义的记忆减退较分节记忆减退缓慢,顺背数字的记忆广度随年龄增长而减小较其他项目都要缓慢,表明老年记忆减退有其特点; 3.神经系统和心血管系统的病理性或老年性变化与记忆减退有关。 相似文献
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超常与常态儿童记忆和记忆组织的比较研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本实验以超常儿童(20名,平均年龄为11岁2个月)和常态儿童(20名,平均年龄为11岁3个月)为被试,以数字和图形为实验材料对超常儿童和常态儿童的记忆和记忆组织特点和差异作了初步的比较研究。结果是;(1)超常儿童不仅在回忆量上比常态儿童优异,更主要的是在记忆速度和记忆组织上比常态儿童发展得更好;(2)儿童的记忆与记忆组织有密切相关,尤其是记忆速度与记忆组织之间有显著相关;(3)实验表明同时使用回忆量和记忆速度作为记忆成绩的指标更为合适,能更好地说明儿童记忆的特点。 相似文献
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Ena Vazquez-Nuttall Ivonne Romero-Garcia Brunilda De Leon 《Psychology of women quarterly》1987,11(4):409-425
This article evaluates the research conducted on sex roles and perceptions of femininity and masculinity of Hispanic women. It begins with a critical review of early social and anthropological studies in which the roles of Hispanic women before the advent of the women's movement in the 1960s are described. The paper continues with more recent psychosocial studies that question the traditional portrayal of male–female roles and allocation of power in Hispanic families. Finally, the studies on Hispanics that measure the psychological dimension of femininity and masculinity are reviewed and summarized in a table including authors, sample, methodology and results. 相似文献
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James B. Ashbrook 《Zygon》1992,27(1):31-49
Abstract. Making sense of soul and Sabbath necessitates understanding these phenomena experientially and then suggesting "biochemical" or empirical analogues. Soul, which is defined as the core or essence of a person (or group), includes a working memory of personally purposeful behavior. The states of the soul are reflected in the states of the mind and their physiological correlates-the states of the brain. Such uniqueness appears similar to the biblical cycle of creation-Sabbath-consciousness and its analogue in the biorhythm of brain-mind-that is, waking and work, sleeping and rest, dreaming (rapid eye movement [REM]) and the reorganization-integration process that is ever making sense of our senses by synthesizing what they mean to us. Working memory and biorhythm, therefore, are crucial for the making of meaning, and meaning is the making of soul. 相似文献
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EXAMINATION OF SITUATIONAL AND ATTITUDINAL MODERATORS OF THE HESITATION AND PERFORMANCE RELATION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The hesitation dimension of action-state orientation refers to the behavioral capacity to start action on tasks. In this study, job characteristics (autonomy and routineness) and job attitudes (satisfaction and involvement) were examined as moderators of the relation between hesitation and supervisor ratings of work behaviors (overall job performance and self-management performance) in 2 different samples. In both samples, routineness moderated the hesitation and self-management performance relation such that individuals low in hesitation performed better than individuals high in hesitation when routineness was low, but no differences in performance were observed when routineness was high. In addition, job satisfaction and job involvement were significant moderators of the relation between hesitation and self-management performance, with individuals low in hesitation performing better than individuals high in hesitation when satisfaction or involvement was low, but no differences in performance were observed when satisfaction or involvement was high. 相似文献