Wine judging,context and New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc

Wine show competitions require judges to evaluate a large number of wines, typically within a time constraint. Under such circumstances, some form of quantification of wine quality is essential to achieve the aim of the task, namely allocation of a numerical score, or an award (e.g. a gold medal) that symbolises a numerical range of scores, to each wine. In this paper, we consider the relation between method of scoring, the scores awarded Sauvignon Blanc wines in a simulated wine show competition, and several aspects of wine-judging behaviour. Twenty experienced wine industry professionals judged 15 New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc wines via a 20-point scoring system, the system currently used in New Zealand wine shows, and via a 100-point scoring system in a context that simulated a wine competition. We were interested in two quantitative issues. The first related to the wines, where we investigated whether the 100-point judging system led to greater differentiation of the wines than the 20-point system. The second issue concerned wine-judging behaviour. We were interested in whether scoring method would influence between- and/or within-judge variability, with greater consistency resulting from use of the 20-point system. Results showed that there was no greater differentiation of the Sauvignon Blanc wines when they were judged by the 100-point scale than when judged out of 20 points. Variation in scores given to each wine on each scale was also generally consistent. With respect to whether method of scoring influenced variability of wine judges, we employed a model described by Schlich (1994) to consider measures of wine-evaluation behaviour. The major result was that consistency, both within judges and between judges, was independent of type of scoring method. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Existential Import Today: New Metatheorems; Historical,Philosophical, and Pedagogical Misconceptions

We assemble material from the literature on matrix methodology for sentential logic—without claiming to present any new logical results—in order to show that Gödel once made (or at least, is quoted as having made) an uncharacteristically ill-considered remark in this area.     

新的一年，新的样式

“若有人在基督里,他就是新造的人,旧事已过,都变成新的了。”