Psychische Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz

According to the German Industrial Safety Act, risk assessment represents the core instrument for documentation, control and auditing of stress at the workplace. Since 2013 this encompasses the assessment of psychological risks and legal requirements for minimizing mental and psychological stress in the workplace. The in-house implementation of these legal requirements runs into substantial difficulties. Against this background this article questions the preventive efficacy of the new law, especially as the ultimate goal of the Industrial Safety Act is to formulate measures for the prevention of psychological stress. The author questions to what extent the interaction between the stress experienced and the development of psychological disorders at the workplace can be captured by simple cause and effect models. Nowadays, there exists scientific consensus that acknowledging basic human needs, such as relationship building, protection of self-esteem, personal control and a sense of justice, represents a fundamental criterion for industrial health preservation and health promotion.     

Psychische Gesundheit von Studierenden der Medizin

Objectives and methods

Concerning mental disorders, both physicians and alumni of medical sciences report a higher symptom load than the average population. Up to now however only a few studies have been conducted concerning the mental health of medical students. The aim of this study is to explore, whether medical students show a higher symptom load than their peers and whether there are differences concerning sex, phases of the studies and point of origin. For this survey the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was applied to 390 medical students from the University Leipzig. Their results were compared to a representative sample of peers (n=225).

Results

The analysis of variance shows significant differences between the male and female student samples on the one side and the same sex peer samples on the other. Both student samples scored significantly higher on the scales Other Anxiety Syndrome, Major Depressive Syndrome and Stress. Additionally, male students scored higher on the Other Depressive Syndrome scale and the Somatoform Syndrome scale. Further analysing the medical students sample, the females’ measures were significantly higher for the Somatoform Syndrome, Depression and Stress scales. In addition, an interaction was found between sex and point of origin.

Conclusions

Medical students report more symptoms of mental disorders than their peers. Therefore extensive prevention concepts are needed for this group.     

Prozedurale Faktoren in der psychoanalytischen Behandlung

The traditional concept of acting out was redefined in the context of intersubjective approaches as enactment. When a resistance was previously recognized in the analysis of classical neuroses that had to be resolved for a promising analysis, in enactment the creative preverbal expressions of covert procedural experiences can now be recognized, which become revealed in regressive states and in structural disorders. They create scenes of preverbal communication in which the analyst becomes involved in the inner world of experiences. This has a strong reparative potential. It can be utilized for new experiences and development if the analyst becomes entangled in such scenes as a co-actor, accepts the relationship offer of the patient and contributes to solutions for the entanglement; however, this requires something more comprehensive than the traditional defensive concept of transference. It emphasizes in particular the activity of the analyst and its impact on the formation of the analytical process and recognizes the involvement of the analyst as a constitutive factor in the process of his own transference. Thus, a new definition of abstinence in terms of a selective abstinence is achieved, which is nowadays characteristic of the developmental approach in psychoanalytic treatment.     

Palliativmedizin bei neurologischen Erkrankungen

psychopraxis. neuropraxis - Es gibt eine Reihe von neurologischen Erkrankungen, die aufgrund ihrer Dauer bisher überwiegend medizinisch neurologisch, aber nicht unter Einbeziehung von...     

Sozialpsychologische Faktoren bei der Bildung des Anspruchsniveaus

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Psychologisch-psychotherapeutische Interventionen bei onkologischen Erkrankungen

Psychooncological interventions reduce significantly anxiety, desperation, depression, and stress in cancer patients, and can often help to improve quality of life and to eliminate communicational problems which occur in the social environment as a consequence of the disease.Hardly any research regarding the complex connections in the brain between the emotional experience, the endocrine and the immunological systems has been done, but the few available investigations are promising. In the absence of methodologically sound studies, the question still remains unanswered if adjuvant psychological or psychotherapeutic interventions contribute to a better survival or not.Up to now there exist just as many studies supporting this hypothesis as refutations.     

Kognitive Dissonanz nach Entscheidungen und psychische Erkrankungen

Building upon Grawe’s consistency theory the target of this study was to examine if cognitive dissonance has an influence on mental disorders. More precisely, whether post-decisional cognitive dissonance (1) is more pronounced in patients with mental disorders and (2) whether it correlates with symptom burden. Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients (OCD; n?=?15), depressive patients (n?=?20) and controls (n?=?42) completed a post-decisional cognitive dissonance scale as well as a scale assessing their respective symptom burden. Solely OCD patients showed heightened cognitive dissonance compared to controls (p?=?0.019). Among depressive patients, however, a very high correlation was found to exist between symptom burden and cognitive dissonance (r?=?0.70). Therefore, OCD seems to be related to increased cognitive dissonance which supports the assumption that cognitive dissonance plays a role in this mental disorder.     

Die Krankheitslehre der Psychoanalyse. Allgemeine und spezielle psychoanalytische Theorie der Neurosen, Psychosen und psychosomatischen Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen, Kindern und Jugendlichen, 6. Aufl. Herausgegeben von Helmut Hinz

Ohne Zusammenfassung