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异熟概念之意指与果报不同,而有强烈的道德哲学意蕴.通过异熟概念的建立,唯识学认为道德善恶不同于价值而有绝对的意义,同时将道德善恶评判的范围严格限定在有记业上边,并阐明了道德对于现实生存状况的决定关系. 相似文献
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在具体分析孔子人性论的时候,我们应该区分原始人性与现实人性.孔子并没有明确界定原始人性的善恶,但是他认为一小部分人的品性极善、资质很高;另一部分人的品性不好、资质愚钝;此外,绝大部分人属于"中人",这部分人之间的本性差不多,孔子没有作出明确的善恶判断.孔子认为现实人性包含有对名利富贵的欲望,但是名利富贵要通过正当的途径来获得,并且欲望不能过度,纵欲是人性变坏的主要原因.此外,统治者的乱政是导致人性变坏的外部原因.所以他又主张通过礼法来约束欲望. 相似文献
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性善论面临性白板论、性善恶混论、性三品论以及性善待完成论等观点的挑战。性善恶混论和性三品论最难回应,在汉唐时期曾占据主流。程朱理学为性善论提供了一种形而上学辩护,将性善的本原上推到理,而将人性现实表现中的不善和差异归因于气质。但是这种形而上学辩护面临着类似"游叙弗伦两难"的问题:是因为性本原于理所以是善的,还是因为性是善的才被归本于理?戴震为性善论提供了一种自然主义解释,以对现实人性亦即血气心知之性所做的欲—情—知的心理学分层,代替了程朱理学的形而上学分层。对人性善恶的理解不仅应该考虑人性的构成部分,也应该考虑不同构成部分之间的关系。戴震对人性层次及其关系的分析使性善论能够较好地回应性善恶混论和性三品论的挑战。 相似文献
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《科学与无神论》2016,(5)
善恶因果律是人类道德生活的基本规律。随着社会环境变化和人类理性思维水平的提升,传统善恶因果律不断地遭到祛魅和解构,人们对善恶因果律的认知与信仰也发生了显著变化。马克思主义并不一般的反对善恶因果律,其对传统善恶因果律的揭露和批判,意在将人们从宗教的虚幻中唤醒,将人的本质还给人本身,从而使人们建立起科学的、反映人类道德生活普遍规律和价值期待的善恶因果律。秉承传统善恶因果律的合理因素,并运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义对传统善恶因果律进行科学改造和重新阐释,既是破解当前道德失范与道德冷漠难题的突破口,也是增强马克思主义理论彻底性与感召力的内在要求。马克思主义的善恶因果律的有效运行,既需要体现公平正义的制度规范的引导和保障,也需要个体的道德自律和群体的道德自觉,更需要以马克思主义信仰建设本身,为新的善恶因果律提供精神动力。 相似文献
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善恶问题是人们在社会生活中的重要话题, 在对他人进行知觉时, 人们首先关心的信息是什么, 是否会对不同类型善恶特质有所权衡?研究基于人格心理学视角, 通过4个研究对该问题进行了探讨。研究首先探究了人格的道德概念激活时善恶的差异, 并以代表性、好恶度、特质度和重要性为衡量指标分别考察了不同类型善恶特质的核心程度差异。结果发现, 善恶人格的特质差序体现在两个方面:(1)善恶人格间的差序, 在人格的道德范畴中, 存在善人格的优先效应; (2)善恶人格内的差序, “善”的核心由内到外为尽责诚信、仁爱友善与包容大度、利他奉献; “恶”的核心由内到外为凶恶残忍、背信弃义与污蔑陷害、虚假伪善。研究有助于进一步理解中国人的善恶观, 为善恶领域的探究提供了新思路。 相似文献
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There is an old but powerful argument for the claim that exhaustive divine foreknowledge is incompatible with the freedom to do otherwise. A crucial ingredient in this argument is the principle of the “Fixity of the Past” (FP). A seemingly new response to this argument has emerged, the so-called “dependence response,” which involves, among other things, abandoning FP for an alternative principle, the principle of the “Fixity of the Independent” (FI). This paper presents three arguments for the claim that FI ought to be preferred to FP.
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Two types of matching designs, static and dynamic, are differentiated. While all matching designs are logically the same in terms of the probability model which determines chance level of performance, an attempt is made to demonstrate that there is an interaction between the tactics, strategies, and actual knowledge ofS and the type of design used which will, in turn, lead to different results even whenS's knowledge is held constant. It is suggested that analogous situations may exist within the framework of the traditional psychometric model.The work reported in this paper was supported by a National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research Participation Grant (NSF-G15797) to the senior author. The authors are indebted to Joel E. Greene for his advice and criticism. 相似文献
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《Canadian journal of philosophy》2012,42(3):303-321
If practical reasoning deserves its name, its form must be different from that of ordinary (theoretical) reasoning. A few have thought that the conclusion of practical reasoning is an action, rather than a mental state. I argue here that if the conclusion is an action, then so too is one of the premises. You might reason your way from doing one thing to doing another: from browsing journal abstracts to reading a particular journal article. I motivate this by sympathetically re-examining Hume's claim that a conclusion about what ought to be done follows only from an argument one of whose premises is likewise about what ought to be done. 相似文献
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