共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
T. M. WILKINSON 《Journal of applied philosophy》2007,24(1):26-40
abstract This paper examines, from a philosophical point of view, the ethics of the role of the family and the deceased in decisions about organ retrieval. The paper asks: Who, out of the individual and the family, should have the ultimate power to donate or withhold organs? On the side of respecting the wishes of the deceased individual, the paper considers and rejects arguments by analogy with bequest and from posthumous bodily integrity. It develops an argument for posthumous autonomy based on the liberal idea of self‐development and argues that this establishes a right of veto over donation. It claims, however, that whether the family's power to veto would conflict with posthumous autonomy rights depends on how it comes about. On the side of respecting the family's wishes, the paper first considers an argument from family distress. This supports a contingent, non‐rights‐based reason for the family's power that is trumped by the deceased's rights. It then outlines and criticises an argument based on family autonomy. The conclusion is that the individual has the right to veto the family's wish to donate and that, while the family has no right to veto the individual's wishes to donate, it can legitimately acquire this power and has done so in practice. 相似文献
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Although the genetic argument is a widely used interpretative argument, what it amounts to does not seem to be altogether
clear. Basic forms of the genetic argument that are distinguished are often too rough to provide an adequate basis for the
evaluation of an interpretative decision. In this article I attempt to provide a more detailed analysis of the genetic argument
by making use of pragma-dialectical insights. The analysis clarifies the character and the structure of different forms of
the genetic argument and thus the elements that are relevant for the evaluation of the argument.*
* An earlier version of this paper was presented at 21st IVR World Congress (Lund, 2003). 相似文献
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Elizabeth Burns Coleman 《美学与艺术评论杂志》2001,59(4):385-402
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Robert D. Foss 《Journal of applied social psychology》1983,13(4):281-290
It is suggested that for social psychological theory and research on helping to provide an adequate general explanation of helping, more attention must be paid to supraindividual factors. Most studies of blood donation have failed to take into account a number of factors that may influence donations at the level of the organization, community or collectivity. This study examines the possibility that specific community norms may emerge that have an influence on the donating behavior of community members. Perceived normative support was found to exist in different degrees in communities that provide different levels of behavioral support for bloodmobile visits, and persons who report a greater degree of perceived community support for donation are more likely to have donated in the past year. Implications for donor recruitment procedures are discussed. 相似文献
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Social Cognitive Determinants of Blood Donation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This article reports two studies designed to test a theory of planned behavior-based model of blood donation. In Study 1 ( n = 136), self-efficacy and self-identity accounted for unique variance in behavioral intention. Study 2 ( n = 172) extended Study 1: self-efficacy, perceived control over behavior (PCB), self-identity, and moral norm were all independently predictive of intention; behavioral intention predicted a proxy measure of behavioral enaction. Both studies provided evidence to support a distinction between self-efficacy and PCB, and for the inclusion of self-identity and moral norm into the model. Belief-based measures discriminated intenders from nonintenders, and beliefs that accounted for unique variance in self-efficacy and PCB were identified. The findings are discussed in relation to using models such as the theory of planned behavior to intervene in social and health behaviors. 相似文献
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尸体对于人体解刹学教学具有无法替代的作用,而现今全国各医学院校都面临尸体来源短缺的棘手问题,作为社会文明进步象征之一的遗体捐献应当成为教学用尸体的主要来源.结合现状,呼吁认真反思遗体捐献中的医学伦理问题,完善相关法律法规,使遗体捐献被越来越多的人接受和赞同. 相似文献
8.
Túlia Maia Cabrita António Boleto Rosado Teresa Oliveira Leite Sidónio Olivério Serpa Paulo Malico Sousa 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(4):471-481
The present study examined the association between athletic identity, career decision-making self-efficacy, future time attitude, gender, and age to explore the process of future career selection in athletes. The sample was composed of 153 athletes, and variables were measured using the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale–plus, the Career-Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form, and the Time Attitude Scale. Results show that athletes with higher athletic identity have higher levels of career-decision-making self-efficacy and higher levels of optimism regarding the future. Furthermore, athletes with higher athletic identity are more likely intend to choose a sport-related profession in the future. 相似文献
9.
Reconstructing Complex Analogy Argumentation
in Judicial Decisions: A Pragma-Dialectical Perspective
Empirical research in the field of legal interpretation shows that, in many cases, analogy argumentation is complex rather
than simple. Traditional analytical approaches to analogy argumentation do not explore that complexity. In most cases analogy
argumentation is reconstructed as a simple form of argumentation that consists of two premises and a conclusion. This article
focuses on the question of how to analyze and evaluate complex analogy argumentation. It is shown how the pragma-dialectical
approach provides clues for analyzing complex analogy argumentation and how the criteria for evaluating analogy argumentation
can be used to reconstruct these types of complex analogy argumentation in Dutch case law. The critical questions in the argumentation
scheme do not only serve as a tool for analyzing arguments justifying analogy argumentation, but are also helpful in analyzing
arguments against a specific analogy argumentation. 相似文献
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WENDY LEE-LAMPSHIRE 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》1995,10(4):32-45
While Sarah Hoagland's conception of a lesbian ethic offers a promising route toward articulating an ethics of resistance, her notion of self in community does not provide a conception of “subject” capable of both embracing political action as fundamental to personal life and explicitly recognizing cultural, ethnic, and sexual multiplicity as central to ethical decision-making. Such a notion can be found, however, in the remarks of later Wittgenstein concerning the “language games” of describing. 相似文献
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古典中国哲学中身体的意义 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
作者在区分“两极相关论”和“二元对立论”的基础上,从中国先秦哲学文献中梳理出有关身体的观念如“身”、“形”和“体”等概念,认为中国传统的身体观念倾向于用“过程”而不是用实体语言来表达。身心之间是“两极相关”而非“二元对立”的,双方互为必要条件,也只有在互涉的情况下,身心才能够得到理解。“人”被视为一个整体的身心交关的过程。在过程本体论中,每一个特定的个体都是每一个“他者”的结果。每一个特定的个体既是自我决定的,同时又是被每一个其他的特定个体所决定的。那些构成存在的各个个体实际上是“自我”的构成性成分。 相似文献
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《Teaching Theology & Religion》2006,9(1):60-61
Books reviewed: Freedman, Diane P. and Holmes, Martha Stoddard, eds., The Teacher's Body: Embodiment, Authority, and Identity in the AcademyReviewed by Rosemary P. Carbine College of the Holy Cross 相似文献
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The long-standing policy of "practical reconciliation" between Australian Indigenous and Non-Indigenous people has actively disregarded the need to redress past injustice as the basis of current intergroup inequality. While this approach has received extensive critique from reconciliation scholars, its implications for Non-Indigenous involvement in reconciliation have been neglected. When Indigenous disadvantage is divorced from its social and historical context it is also more likely to be seen as having little to do with "us" as Non-Indigenous Australians. In contrast, when inequality is seen as stemming from the past and present reality of intergroup relations, and as such shapes the meaning of Non-Indigenous identity, it will be seen as more illegitimate, in need of change, and is more likely to motivate political engagement in the reconciliation process. The current study tests and finds support for this idea. Importantly, controlling for the contributions of perceived legitimacy of inequality and need for social change, Non-Indigenous identity meaning continued to significantly predict intentions to vote and engage in political action in support of reconciliation. 相似文献
19.
Body integrity identity disorder (BIID) is characterised by profound experience of incongruity between the biological and
desired body structure. The condition manifests in “non-belonging” of body parts, and the subsequent desire to amputate, paralyse
or disable a limb. Little is known about BIID; however, a neuropsychological model implicating right fronto-parietal and insular
networks is emerging, with potential disruption to body representation. We argue that, as there is scant systematic research
on BIID published to date and much of the research is methodologically weak, it is premature to assume that the only process
underlying bodily experience that is compromised is body representation. The present review systematically investigates which
aspects of neurological processing of the body, and sense of self, may be compromised in BIID. We argue that the disorder
most likely reflects dysregulation in multiple levels of body processing. That is, the disunity between self and the body
could arguably come about through congenital and/or developmental disruption of body representations, which, together with
altered multisensory integration, may preclude the experience of self-attribution and embodiment of affected body parts. Ulimately,
there is a need for official diagnostic criteria to facilitate epidemiological characterisation of BIID, and for further research
to systematically investigate which aspects of body representation and processing are truly compromised in the disorder. 相似文献