少数民族的认知方式

认知方式是人们在对信息和经验进行组织和加工过程中表现出来的个别差异, 是一个人在感知、记忆和思维中经常采取的、受到偏爱的和习惯化了的态度与风格。少数民族认知方式的跨文化研究集中在认知方式的发展规律、认知方式的性别差异、民族间认知方式的差异, 以及与其他变量相关程度的探究上。     

Living Independently as an Ethnic Minority Elder: A Relational Perspective on the Issues of Aging and Ethnic Minorities

This study examines the residential experiences of Korean ethnic elders in affordable housing in the greater Chicago area, focusing on how patterns of social relationships that evolved around a geographical location and its urban infrastructure enabled the elders to achieve their desire for residential independence. Based on the theoretical concept of activity settings and social capital, the study suggests an integrated theoretical model where social capital is understood as an embedded asset of an activity setting. Methodologically, this study uses a combined method of qualitative interviews with 138 Korean elders in affordable housing in the greater Chicago area and a geographic analysis of their social relationships in order to present associations among social relationships, urban infrastructures, and the shared value of independence within their residential communities. The study findings indicate that the elders mobilized ethnic businesses, urban infrastructures, and the collective efficacy of groups to achieve the shared goal of maintaining residential independence. In each community, a cultural broker acted as an important bridge between the community of ethnic minorities and the larger social networks coexisting within the community boundary. The relational perspective as a potent ground for understanding and further solving the issues of aging and ethnicity is highlighted.     

医院的社会责任：伦理学视角

讨论了评价医院管理行动的伦理框架,严峻的卫生形势,医院的社会责任,其中着重讨论参与全面建设小康社会;向社会提供公平的卫生保健服务;重建医患信托关系以及调整与企业关系防止利益冲突。     

Preparing Racial Ethnic Minorities for the Work Force 2000

The author examines important factors that impede ethnic minorities' career development. Relevant and culturally appropriate career intervention strategies for fostering the career development of persons of color are discussed.     

Ethnic Diversity and Personal Contacts at Work and at School in the Netherlands: a Comparison of Natives and Ethnic Minorities

We examined to what extent ethnic diversity in neighborhoods and municipalities in the Netherlands is related to personal contacts at work and at school with the ethnic in- and out-groups, among the native majority as well as ethnic minorities. Constrict theory, ethnic competition theory, and contact theory are used to derive hypotheses. A unique Dutch dataset with an oversampling of two large minority groups is analyzed with three-level multilevel regression models. The results indicate that ethnic diversity at the municipality level is negatively related to personal contacts with native colleagues and schoolmates, but positively related to personal contacts with colleagues and schoolmates from other ethnic groups. Ethnic diversity at the neighborhood level is not related to personal contacts at work and at school. This applies equally to native respondents and Turks and Moroccans, rejecting Putnam's hunkering down hypothesis and ethnic competition theory. Instead, ethnic diversity increases meeting opportunities with ethnic minorities while decreasing meeting opportunities with the native majority.     

Discrimination Against Ethnic Minorities in Germany: Going Back to the Field1

A series of 14 field experiments on the differential treatment of ethnic majority and minority groups were conducted. In all studies, German participants were confronted with a German or a foreign confederate (ostensibly a member of the migrant-worker population or a refugee/asylum seeker). In 9 experiments, the foreign confederate received worse treatment than did his German counterpart. Meta-analyses showed a significant overall correlation between ethnic group membership and indexes of discrimination (r= .24), which support the assumption of everyday ethnic discrimination in Germany. Categorizing studies according to the directness of interaction between confederate and participants revealed a significantly stronger discrimination in remote contact situations (r= .34 vs. r= .17), replicating results of a review on American studies by Crosby, Bromley, and Saxe (1980).     

Openness in the Social Sciences: Sharing Data

The sharing of research data is now mandated by some funders to encourage openness and integrity in science, to ensure efficient use of research funds, and to provide training resources. Although data sharing has a long history in some parts of science, the full range of possibilities and challenges it offers are only now becoming apparent in the social sciences. This article (a) examines what may be entailed in sharing documented data, (b) provides a historical perspective on data sharing, (c) describes some of the creative and successful data-sharing relationships that have occurred in the social sciences, and (d) discusses some of the main concerns of social scientists with respect to sharing their data and how these concerns might be resolved.     

现代企业社会责任问题研究述评

企业社会责任是当今社会各界普遍关注的一个热点话题,理论界对企业社会责任的相关问题进行了大量的研究和讨论且取得了一系列的研究成果,有很多有益启示和思想亮点,对于社会主义思想道德的研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义,本文就学界对企业社会责任相关问题进行的讨论做了梳理和条陈。     

Philosophy of Science Between the Natural Sciences,the Social Sciences,and the Humanities: Introduction

This introduction provides a detailed summary of all papers of the special issue on the second conference of the German Society for Philosophy of Science: GWP.2016.     

Student-Driven Courses on the Social and Ecological Responsibilities of Engineers

A group of engineering students at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany, designed a course on engineering ethics. The core element of the developed Blue Engineering course are self-contained teaching-units, “building blocks”. These building blocks typically cover one complex topic and make use of various teaching methods using moderators who lead discussions, rather than experts who lecture. Consequently, the students themselves started to offer the credited course to their fellow students who take an active role in further developing the course themselves.     

Media Effects on Ethnic Identity Among Linguistic Majorities and Minorities

Research on media effects has documented the media's influence on beliefs and behavior while cross‐cultural psychology has documented the effects of the language used in communication on identification with the ingroup and the outgroup. Media usage in the outgroup language should, therefore, affect identification patterns. This research investigates media effects in the acculturation process through a longitudinal design involving minority and majority group members evolving in the same bilingual environment. Subjects were Francophone students (N= 235) from minority and majority settings attending a bilingual (French–English) university. Results revealed that majority students increased significantly written and public media consumption in English whereas minority students increased French written media consumption. Furthermore, increased usage of English written and audiovisual media was related to identity changes in favour of the Anglophone group. Finally, path analysis emphasized the mediating role played by English language confidence and the determining role of ethnolinguistic vitality.     

自我利益与社会规范:社会科学中的三次革命

从旧制度主义到新制度主义的兴起,这个过程经历了行为革命、理性革命和制度革命几个阶段。制度革命后,各个社会科学学科都有自己的制度主义,关于人类行为的解释已趋向新的综合。     

The Puzzle of High Self-esteem Among Ethnic Minorities: Comparing Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem

This paper examines the puzzle of high self-esteem among ethnic minorities by making a distinction between the personal self and the collective self and between explicit and implicit self-esteem. The study was conducted among three groups of early adolescents: Dutch, Turkish-Dutch (of Turkish origin and living in the Netherlands), and Turkish participants living in Turkey. It was found that the Turkish-Dutch had scores similar to the Turks in Turkey except for measures of implicit collective self-esteem. Furthermore, the percentage of participants with high explicit and low implicit collective self-esteem was significantly greater among the Turkish-Dutch than among the other two samples. Additionally, for the Turkish-Dutch, perceived discrimination was negatively related to implicit collective self-esteem but not to other self-esteem measures. It is concluded that the distinctions between the personal and the collective self and between explicit and implicit self-esteem can improve our understanding of the psychological development of disadvantaged ethnic minority groups, and assist in making sense of otherwise puzzling findings in the literature.     

Predicting Well‐Being Among Ethnic Minorities: Psychological Empowerment and Group Identity

Two studies examine the impact of individual differences in group identity on psychological empowerment and well‐being among members of the ethnic minority and majority. Study 1 revealed an interaction between ethnicity and group identity in predicting empowerment and well‐being. Moreover, the results revealed that psychological empowerment partially mediated the relationship between group identity and well‐being among ethnic minorities. Using a mini‐longitudinal design, the results of Study 2 revealed interactions between ethnicity and group identity at Time 1 predicting psychological empowerment, well‐being, and positive affect at Time 2. In addition, the results confirmed psychological empowerment at Time 2 as a mediator of the relationship between group identity at Time 1 and well‐being at Time 2.