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1.
Sharon Rae Jenkins 《Current Psychology》1997,16(1):3-19
Emergency medical workers’ distress and recovery patterns after a mass shooting were related to their coping behaviors and
routine daily activities. This longitudinal repeated measures study assessed 31 emergency medical workers’ psychological and
psychosomatic symptoms self-rated for the weeks before, those just after, and one full month after the shooting. Coping behaviors
and time in creative activities were related to increased acute distress; recovery was related to more time in constructive
activities. Thinking about the incident was related to higher acute distress but better recovery on several SCL9OR scales.
Exercise predicted recovery on Obsessive-Compulsive and Hostility scales. Studies evaluating emergency workers’ reactions
to and recovery from critical incidents should use repeated measures designs, should assess short-term recovery, and should
distinguish among symptoms. 相似文献
2.
Eun-Jeong Lee Ming-Yi Wu Gloria K. Lee Gladys Cheing Fong Chan 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(3):182-192
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of catastrophizing as a mediator and moderator between life stress and depression
in a sample of workers’ compensation patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain intensity, life stress (especially work
and financial stress), and catastrophizing contributed significantly to depression. Catastrophizing was found to be partially
mediating the relationship between life stress and depression and a moderator between social stress and depression. The results
supported the role of catastrophizing as a cognitive vulnerability-stress factor related to depression in chronic pain patients.
Screening for life stress and intervening early to prevent catastrophizing from occurring in the workers’ compensation rehabilitation
process may reduce psychosocial distress and enhance the overall effectiveness of rehabilitation programming for workers’
compensation patients with chronic pain. 相似文献
3.
《Behavior Therapy》2014,45(6):791-805
Schools have become a common incident site for targeted mass violence, including mass shootings. Although exposure to mass violence can result in significant distress, most individuals are able to fully recover over time, while a minority develop more pervasive pathology, such as PTSD. The present study investigated how several pre- and posttrauma factors predict posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in both the acute and distal aftermath of a campus mass shooting using a sample with known levels of pretrauma functioning (N = 573). Although the largest proportion of participants evidenced resilience following exposure to the event (46.1%), many reported high rates of PTSS shortly after the shooting (42.1%) and a smaller proportion (11.9%) met criteria for probable PTSD both in the acute and more distal aftermath of the event. While several preshooting factors predicted heightened PTSS after the shooting, prior trauma exposure was the only preshooting variable shown to significantly differentiate between those who experienced transient versus prolonged distress. Among postshooting predictors, individuals reporting greater emotion dysregulation and peritraumatic dissociative experiences were over four times more likely to have elevated PTSS 8 months postshooting compared with those reporting less dysregulation and dissociative experiences. Individuals with less exposure to the shooting, fewer prior traumatic experiences, and greater satisfaction with social support were more likely to recover from acute distress. Overall, results suggest that, while pretrauma factors may differentiate between those who are resilient in the aftermath of a mass shooting and those who experience heightened distress, several event-level and posttrauma coping factors help distinguish between those who eventually recover and those whose PTSD symptoms persist over time. 相似文献
4.
Dana M. Rhule-Louie Sarah Bowen John S. Baer Peggy L. Peterson 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(3):306-319
This study examines how substance use is associated with the health and safety of homeless youth using cross-sectional, self-report
data from 285 homeless adolescents. Path models were used to examine concurrent relationships between youth’s substance use
and multiple aspects of their health and safety, including measures of psychological distress, housing risk and instability,
and medical problems. Substance use was examined with both global (i.e., a composite of days of use across various drugs and
alcohol) and specific (i.e., rates of use of specific drugs, injection drug use) measures. After controlling for demographic
and historical variables, number of days of use was significantly related to psychological distress, whereas injection drug
use was significantly related to housing risk. Examination of specific drugs revealed relationships between psychological
distress and the use of alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamines, and a specific relationship between housing risk and the use of
heroin. None of the measures of substance use was significantly related to youth’s medical problems. Implications for interventions
with homeless adolescents are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Eric A. Storch Heather Lehmkuhl Steven L. Pence Jr. Gary R. Geffken Emily Ricketts Jill F. Storch Tanya K. Murphy 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):249-258
We examined parental experience of having a child with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 62 parent–child dyads. Youth
with a primary diagnosis of OCD and their parent(s) were administered the CY-BOCS jointly by a trained clinician. Parents
completed several measures about their child’s OCD-related impairment and accommodation, emotional and behavioral functioning,
parental distress, caregiver stress, and parental experiences of having a child with OCD. Results indicated that parents of
children with OCD are considerably distressed about their child’s condition. As expected, negative parental experiences (e.g.,
anxiety about child’s condition, uncertainty about their future) were directly related to OCD symptom severity and impairment,
as well as child internalizing and externalizing problems, family accommodation of symptoms, and caregiver strain. The presence
of emotional resources was negatively related to most outcomes, although some of these relationships did not achieve statistical
significance. The presence of internalizing symptoms mediated the relationship between parental experiences and parental distress.
Given these findings, addressing parental experiences as part of a family based cognitive-behavioral treatment program for
pediatric OCD may help reduce parental distress and improve patient prognosis. 相似文献
6.
Rebecca S. Bernard Lindsey L. Cohen 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(3):282-287
Infants’ procedural pain and parents’ treatment room anxiety has been largely ignored in the research and clinical domains. To understand and manage infant procedural pain, it is essential to examine the correlates and potential predictors of this pain. Given that parent anxiety is a strong predictor of preschoolers’ procedural anxiety and pain, it is likely that parents play a role in infants’ distress during medical procedures. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly examine parent anxiety and its effects on infant procedural pain for 37 parent-infant dyads. Results demonstrated that only parent self-report measures were intercorrelated and several measures of parent distress correlated with measures of infant distress. Treatment implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.This article is based on the master's thesis of the first author under the direction of the second, at West Virginia University. 相似文献
7.
We examined the association between maternal psychological distress during offspring’s early development and offspring’s later
distress in adulthood, as well as the influence of maternal characteristics at offspring’s birth and offspring’s characteristics
in adulthood on distress. Data were obtained from the British Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of children born in a one-week
period in 1970. Children were followed up multiple times from birth through to age 30. Results indicate that greater symptoms
of maternal psychological distress during offspring’s early childhood are associated with greater symptoms of distress in
adult offspring. A large component of this association is indirect, occurring through mother’s distress in later childhood
and offspring’s problem behavior during adolescence. Findings that the association between maternal and offspring’s distress
is more indirect than direct support arguments that early maternal distress has long-term consequences for offspring. 相似文献
8.
Sheera F. Lerman Golan Shahar Kathryn A. Czarkowski Naamit Kurshan Urania Magriples Linda C. Mayes C. Neill Epperson 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(4):330-334
The study set out to examine the predictive effects of patients’ emotional distress and their relationships with their health
care providers on satisfaction with obstetric services in high-risk pregnancies. Participants were 104 pregnant women with
a history of recurrent losses, fetal demise, previous or current fetal genetic abnormality, advanced maternal age, or obstetric
or medical complications of the present pregnancy. Self-report measures of emotional distress and the quality of their relationships
with their medical provider were administered. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive
effect of these variables on satisfaction with services. Provision of information, constructive communication, and good relationships
predicted elevated satisfaction with health services. Provision of information also buffered against the adverse effect of
emotional distress on satisfaction with health services. These findings elucidate the central role of provider–patient interaction,
particularly as it is related to provision of information, in high-risk pregnancy. 相似文献
9.
Depression in some patients with spinal cord injuries may be clinically significant and, when present, should be treated to
decrease morbidity including decreased physical functioning. Depression associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) may be misevaluated,
due to (1) nonspecific multifactorial production of depression symptoms and (2) SCI-specific decrease in somatic sensory central
nervous system input. The Somatic Suppression Hypothesis suggests that SCI patients have difficulty experiencing any intense
emotion because of suppression of physiological arousal. In addition, cognitive processes that may reduce depression in SCI
patients include: (1) attribution of somatic symptoms of depression to medical (biological) causes, (2) realistic, positive
expectations for physical improvement, and (3) the perception that the disability of the SCI is only minimally related to
the patient’s self-care after complete evaluation. Health personnel should accept lack of depression in SCI, and should encourage
positive realistic expectations of recovery. 相似文献
10.
Marie-Ève Lapalme Gilles Simard Michel Tremblay 《Journal of business and psychology》2011,26(3):311-324
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of psychological contract breach on the commitment and behaviors of temporary workers engaged in a multiple agency relationship. Specifically, it aimed to measure the influence of contract breach by the employing agency and the client organization on temporary workers’ trust and affective commitment to the respective party, and on their adoption of discretionary behaviors at the client site. 相似文献11.
Using a sample of 556 adolescents from a suburban community, patterns of various adolescent problem behaviors (e.g., delinquent
behavior, smoking, use of alcohol or drugs) and their links to self-efficacy, social competence, and life events were examined.
Cluster analysis was conducted to identify four subgroups of adolescents who showed distinct patterns of problem behaviors.
These clusters were compared on the measures of self-efficacy, social competence, and life events. Overall results suggest
there are meaningful links between adolescents’ problem behavior patterns and self-efficacy, the amount and quality of participation
in various after school activities, and life events. For example, a subgroup of adolescents who showed uniformly low prevalence
of all problem behaviors reported more positive academic self-efficacy, more active participation in sports and nonsports
activities, more positive life events, and fewer negative events than adolescents who were involved in multiple problem behaviors.
Implications for prevention and future research on adolescent problem behaviors are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Halila R 《Science and engineering ethics》2007,13(3):305-313
Different ethical principles conflict in research conducted in emergency research. Clinical care and its development should
be based on research. Patients in critical clinical condition are in the greatest need of better medicines. The critical condition
of the patient and the absence of a patient representative at the critical time period make it difficult and sometimes impossible
to request an informed consent before the beginning of the trial. In an emergency, care decisions must be made in a short
period of time, and the more time is wasted, the more the risk of death or severe tissue damage and incapacity increases.
Consent requests take time, and so the time period before treatment might put the patient’s life in jeopardy. Not requesting
consent before a trial is also contradictory. A person should not be forced to participate in a trial against his or her will.
Due to the dark history of medical research previously, international declarations and conventions have set up ethical principles
for medical research. They emphasize the autonomy of the research participant—or his or her legal representative—to give a
free and informed consent prior to the initiation of research. In the case of a critical emergency, the unconscious state
of the patient, the emotional stress of family members or the lack of time to start life-sustaining measures may often restrict
the possibilities of communicating with the patient or his/her representative. Therefore, written informed consent is difficult
to achieve, and its voluntariness in emergency situations is, at best, open to question. The mortality of patients is high
without clinical interventions in emergency research. Random selection of patients is difficult and requires extra work from
personnel in the emergency rooms. Recruitment, information and asking for consent may also take time, postpone the initiation
of treatment and increase the risk of death and irreversible tissue and organ damage, and therefore be risky for the patient.
It is therefore essential that the health care professionals recruiting suitable research participants are well motivated
and well trained. Medical research in an emergency setting should always be regarded as an exceptional situation requiring
special provisions. Only such research should be done as cannot be done in other conditions. An independent body must approve
the research protocol and the ways in which the consent of the participant or proxy are to be sought. In addition, the trial
must be expected to result in direct and significant benefit for the research participants. If research without prior consent
is not approved, the development of emergency care is threatened. On the other hand, if prior consent is not required, a person
could be recruited into a clinical trial against his or her will. Doing good and avoiding harm, and respecting the autonomy
of the patient are in conflict in the context of emergency medical research. To develop better medicines for patients experiencing
acute medical emergencies, research into such conditions should be allowed. Research participants should have the possibility
to participate or refuse to participate in research that may benefit them and other patients. The risk of irreversible damage
occurring as the consequence of time delays for seeking consent is unacceptable. A prior wish about participation in clinical
trials should be respected, if known. The conditions under which medical research in emergencies can be considered acceptable
can be determined and agreed upon nationally and internationally.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at The 7th International Conference on Bioethics on “The Ethics of Research
in Emergency Medicine”, held on June 2, 2006, Warsaw, Poland. 相似文献
13.
Mitchell J. Prinstein Nicole Heilbron John D. Guerry Joseph C. Franklin Diana Rancourt Valerie Simon Anthony Spirito 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):669-682
Research suggests that adolescents’ engagement in nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors may be increasing over time,
yet little is known regarding distal longitudinal factors that may promote engagement in these behaviors. Data from two longitudinal
studies are presented to examine whether NSSI may be associated with peer influence processes. Study 1 included 377 adolescents
from a community-based sample; Study 2 included 140 clinically-referred adolescents recruited from a psychiatric inpatient
facility. In Study 1, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline and one year later. Adolescents’ nominated best friend reported
their own levels of NSSI. In Study 2, adolescents’ NSSI was examined at baseline as well as 9 and 18-months post-baseline.
Adolescents’ perceptions of their friends’ engagement in self-injurious behavior (including suicidality) and depressed mood
also were examined at all three time points. Baseline depressive symptoms were measured in both studies; gender and age were
examined as moderators of peer influence effects. Results from both studies supported longitudinal peer socialization effects
of friends’ self-injurious behavior on adolescents’ own NSSI for girls, but not for boys, even after controlling for depressive
symptoms as a predictor. Study 1 suggested socialization effects mostly for younger youth. Results from Study 2 also suggested
longitudinal socialization effects, as well as peer selection effects; adolescents’ NSSI was associated with increasing perceptions
of their friends’ engagement in depressive/self-injurious thoughts and behavior. Findings contribute to the nascent literature
on longitudinal predictors of NSSI and to work on peer influence. 相似文献
14.
Barbara A. Mowder Michelle Guttman Florence Rubinson K. Mark Sossin 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(6):730-740
The trauma associated with 9/11 affected and continues to influence children, families, and other groups of people. While research is cataloging the various coping difficulties experienced, few studies specifically address issues related to parenting perceptions and related activities or behaviors. We examined individuals employed in close proximity to Ground Zero and considered these individuals’ perspectives regarding their parenting perceptions and behaviors. In addition to capturing parenting subsequent to 9/11, the researchers also asked participants about their parenting beliefs and behaviors prior to and immediately after 9/11. Additional variables, such as directly viewing 9/11 and participating in the evacuation, parent age and gender, child age and gender, and ethnicity, were considered in light of parenting beliefs and practices. The retrospective questions, while not ideal methodologically, reveal that some parent characteristics and behaviors changed immediately following 9/11 and subsequently returned to pre-9/11 levels, others changed and remain altered, while others stayed relatively stable over time. Implications of this research for further study as well as mental health practice related to children and families are presented. 相似文献
15.
Childhood internalizing problems may occur as early as preschool, tend to be stable over time, and undermine social and academic
functioning. Parent emotion regulatory behaviors may contribute to child internalizing problems and may be especially important
during the preschool years when parents model emotion coping and regulation for their children. Parents who feel out of control
of their preschoolers’ behavior and emotional states may adopt avoidant emotion regulatory strategies. We proposed that parent
depression, perceived locus of control, and experiential avoidance would be linked with internalizing symptoms in a high-risk
sample of preschool-aged children. We also expected that locus of control would mediate the relationship between maternal
depression, experiential avoidance, and child internalizing problems. Seventy-four urban, low-income, diverse mothers of Head
Start preschool children completed rating scales measuring their own depression, locus of control, experiential avoidance,
and their children’s internalizing behaviors. Correlational analyses revealed that mothers reporting higher levels of depression
were more likely to report experiential avoidance, feeling out of control in their parenting role, and internalizing symptoms
in their children. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that locus of control explained additional unique variance in
child internalizing problems over and above that explained by maternal depression. Locus of control mediated the relationship
between maternal depression and child internalizing symptoms. The importance of considering parent locus of control and its
relation to children’s internalizing symptoms is discussed as a potential target for early childhood prevention programs. 相似文献
16.
Janak Pandey Roomana N. Siddiqui Arjun K. Udas R. Barry Ruback 《Psychological studies》2009,54(3):202-212
Residents of eight different locations in Kathmandu, four in the inner city and four on the outskirts, were interviewed about
environmental stressors, mental distress, and physical symptoms. There were significant gender and location differences on
all three measures. Compared to men, women reported more mental distress and more physical symptoms, but fewer environmental
stressors. Compared to residents of the inner city, residents of the outskirts reported more mental distress, more physical
symptoms, and fewer environmental stressors. Environmental stressors were linked to mental distress among residents in the
outskirts but were not linked to mental distress among residents in the inner city. Results suggested that residents’ belief
in perceived control of their lives by God partially explained this effect. 相似文献
17.
Data from 301 middle-age couples were employed to investigate links between their recalled parents’ parenting styles and perceptions
of reciprocity with their parents, as well as their current perceptions of spousal reciprocity, on their psychological distress.
The research extends Baumrind’s theory of childhood parenting styles and Youniss’ theory of late adolescents’ perceived reciprocity
to a developmental model for middle-age psychological distress. Differential effects were found according to the gender of
both the offspring and the parent. There were significant positive findings only if the opposite-sex parent was perceived
as authoritative, and significant negative findings if the same-sex parent was perceived as authoritarian. Regression models
indicated mediated, integrated relationships (through maternal and spousal reciprocity) for females, but no mediations were
found for males. Significantly more variance in emotional distress was explained by spousal reciprocity than by the parent
related variables, and for the men than for the women. 相似文献
18.
Maternal affect dysregulation and maternal depressive symptoms were examined as predictors of maternal emotional availability (EA) during mother–infant interaction in a nonclinical sample. In particular, we investigated if affect dysregulation predicts EA and is more important than are depressive symptoms in predicting EA. Questionnaire measures and 30 min of free play were obtained from 46 mothers of 4‐ to 5‐month‐old infants. Mothers' self‐reported affect dysregulation was inversely related to EA, but mothers' depressive symptoms were not related to EA. More specifically, mothers' tendency to use unhealthy externalizing behaviors to reduce tension and distress predicted less EA. These results suggested that even in relatively low‐risk samples, mothers' self‐reported affect dysregulation, particularly the tendency to act out inappropriately in response to tension and distress, may be a more proximal predictor of EA than are depressive symptoms. 相似文献
19.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of the psychological contracts on the relationship between human
resource (HR) systems and role behavior.
Design/Methodology/Approach Multilevel analyses were conducted on data gathered from 146 knowledge workers and 28 immediate managers in 25 Taiwanese high-tech
firms.
Findings Relational psychological contracts mediated the relationship between commitment-based HR systems and in-role behaviors, as
well as organizational citizenship behaviors. Transactional psychological contracts did not significantly mediate these relationships.
In addition, the results also indicated that commitment-based HR systems related positively to relational psychological contracts
and negatively to transactional psychological contracts.
Practical Implications Commitment-based HR systems could elicit a wide range of knowledge workers’ behaviors that are beneficial to the goals of
the firms. Furthermore, our findings also provide insight into, how HR systems potentially elicit employees’ role behaviors.
Organizations could elicit employees’ in-role behaviors by providing financial and other non-financial, but tangible, inducements
and facilitate employees’ extra-role behaviors by providing positive experiences, such as respect, commitment, and support.
Originality/Value The study is one of the primary studies to empirically examine the mediating effect of psychological contracts on HR systems
and employee behaviors.
相似文献
Yu-Fang YenEmail: |
20.
Katie R. Kryski Eric J. Mash Jerilyn E. Ninowski Deborah L. Semple 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(3):270-277
The relationship between maternal ADHD symptoms and maternal language was examined in a community sample of 50 mothers of
infants age 3–12 months. It was hypothesized that higher maternal symptoms of ADHD would be related to lower quality of maternal
language use. Recordings of mothers’ speech were coded for complexity and elaboration of speech and vocabulary diversity during
an interview with an adult and during mother–infant play interactions in the home. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed
that maternal ADHD symptoms were significantly related to mothers’ lower mean length of utterances during the interview and
during mother–infant play interactions. Maternal ADHD symptoms were not related to maternal vocabulary use in either of these
situations. Our findings suggest that mothers with higher ADHD symptoms may display exiguous language behaviors when interacting
with their infants and with adults. In addition, findings suggest one reason why current parent-management programs for children
with ADHD, which are verbally based and rely heavily on the parent’s communication skills, are relatively ineffective when
ADHD may be present in the parent. 相似文献