严遵释老的文本结构、解说体例与阐释方法——以《老子指归》为考察对象

《老子指归》是西汉后期解释《老子》的一部重要著作,其作者严遵尊崇老庄而又精于易学,会聚众书而成《老子指归》,释老风格颇为独特。在文本结构上,《老子指归》以德经四十章为上经,道经三十二章为下经,其分章契合于天地阴阳之数。在解说体例上,《老子指归》采取义理式的诠释,而非训诂式的通达文义,其概念分析具有明显的哲学意蕴。在诠释方法上,严遵依循老子要旨,以"道""德""神明""太和"贯通全篇,体现出体系性、融贯性的诠释方法;并援引《庄子》《周易》中的语言与思想阐发《老子》,运用了跨文本的诠释方法。严遵在对《老子》思想进行体系化诠释的同时,显现出其自身思想的体系化。     

《老子指归》与《太平经》的“承负说”

正《老子指归》是西汉末年四川著名学者严遵的重要著作,从其哲学逻辑发展关系来看,应当作于秦之后,《太平经》之前,是传承秦汉优秀传统文化的津梁。《老子指归》是一部道家著作,将其与早期道经《太平经》比对研读,可以发现《老子指归》援《易》入道,是以《易经》的优秀传统文化概念阐发道家思想,并由此成为秦汉优秀传统思想与道教相衔接的理论著作。其中某些重要的中华优秀传统概念即经由《老子指归》而进入道教,在《太平经》中完善成为一套传统文化理论。这些传统概念对后世道教思想理     

论宋代以《易》解《老》的诠释向度——以《宋徽宗御解道德真经》为例

宋代老学在整个老学发展史中凸显出儒、道交摄互通的理论特色,各注家在注解《老子》时,多援引儒家经典,特别是《周易》中的文句与《老子》交相训示,研究以《易》解《老》的诠释向度对于我们对《周易》天道理论与《老子》形上思想的交互理解有十分重要的意义。本文即以此为关注重点,以《宋徽宗御解道德真经》为研究对象,按援《易》阐道之义、援《易》论道之体、援《易》说道之用三部分论述徽宗援引《周易》来构建其道论的思路,对《御解》中引《易》的内容进行阐释与梳理,最终揭示《老子》道性合一的性命哲理。     

《周易》古经对老子思想的影响

老子作为一名史官,通晓《周易》,其思想的形成也在一定程度上受到了《周易》的影响。如其“贵柔”以及对“强”“壮”的警觉等思想与《周易》初爻、上爻的爻位爻象象征的意涵颇有内在的关联。其“人法地,地法天”的思想与《周易》的卦爻整体结构体现出来的思路颇有一致之处,其“天法道,道法自然”的思想可能就是在此一卦爻整体结构中演绎出来的。其“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物,万物负阴而抱阳,冲气以为和”的宇宙论思想可能与《易》类筮法体系的哲理化有关。     

刘名瑞内丹易学特色述要

全真道南无派第20代宗师刘名瑞不仅阐发了道教内丹思想,而且蕴有丰富而深刻的“三教贯通”的易学思想.以《周易》不仅演绎三才之道,而且尽修养性命之真机,由此对易学之《河图》、《洛书》、无极太极、阴阳八卦等一一展开解说.     

天津中哲史学会老子哲学思想讨论纪要

6月2日、4日天津市中国哲学史学会召开了老子哲学思想讨论会。会上发表了七篇论文。杨柳桥同志首先根据他研究《周易》和《老子》多年的经验,把《周易》和《老子》进行对比,分析了老子哲学的性质和范畴。他认为老子是战国时代的太史儋,《老子》哲学思想的形成应该是在《易传》的基础上发展起来的。先秦易家认为“道”(“易”的发展过程)是发生在天地、阴阳生成之后的,“易”有“简易”、“反易”、     

乾坤道家易诠释

作者本着“以经观经,以传观传”的学术立场,在探索古易筮书占筮语言中的人生哲 理,勾勒《易传》哲学观的形成面貌的基础上,进一步理清了《易传》与道家思想的渊源关系,并试图重 建道家易学。文章认为,周易经传之间由筮书而哲学化的过程中,老子的哲学思想是承先启后的重 要环节。文章以乾坤两卦为主要范围,一方面探讨了古经本意,另一方面又对经传加以对比,指出 《易经》的人生哲理与辩证思维对老子体系形成的启发,以及老子引易入道,对日后《易传》以哲学化 的语言诠释《易经》的影响,描绘了老子及道家各派思想在《易经》哲学化过程中的枢纽作用。文章还 揭示出了贯穿《周易》古经──《老子》──《易传》这一思想脉络的二条主轴,即以道家思想为主体的自然观与辩证思维方式,并通过这两条主轴进一步分析了《周易》经传与老子之间的相互关系。     

论《周易》的道德谱系

《周易》是一部人学著作,也是一部道德著作。《周易》构建了一种特殊的道德谱系,这种道德谱系由本能无意识、文化无意识、社会意识、自我意识道德化四个层面构成。《周易》的道德谱系把“人”与“道”联系起来,从而有了“人道”,也把“道”与“德”联系起来,从而有了“道德”。《周易》在性命之理的基础上探讨了人的形成、演化及人性的内容;又在“人”与“道”的基础上构建了“成人”与“做人”的道德谱系。《周易》的道德谱系把“人”与“道”联接起来是人学,把“道”与“德”联接起来是伦理学。天道、人道等统一于性命之理的命题之中,成为了道德谱系的奇特内容,从而人也就成为了道德谱系的本体。     

王弼玄学四题

一、“圣人有情”论王弼字辅嗣，生于魏黄初七年（226），卒于正始十年（249），是中国哲学史上罕见的天才。虽然年轻早逝，但所著《老子注》及《周易注》都是后世人研究《老子》和《周易》的必读之书，此外还有《老子指略》、《周易略例》及《论语释疑》等著作（参见楼宇烈：《王丙集校释》，台北华上书局1982年版）。他思想的造诣之高，在魏晋是罕有其比的。何晏（19o－249）认识王粥时，三翰才十余岁，何晏便说粥是后生可畏，可以和他讨论关于天人之际的高深道理。有一次王粥在何晏家中，坐客盈门，何晏列举他自认是很得意的理论，叫王迅…     

“道恒无为”还是“道法自然”?——论先秦汉晋道家哲学主旨的转变

当今学界以"自然"作为解释道家哲学主要的核心概念,"无为"受到忽视。但是,"自然"与"无为"作为道家思想的两个核心概念,在思想史上的地位是此消彼长的。《老子》"道恒无为"与"道法自然"的提出,将"自然""无为"提升到形而上的高度,二者是同等层次的概念。其后至西汉,道家思想家的自评与他者的评判以"无为"为中心,"无为"的地位高于"自然"。严遵《老子指归》与王充《论衡》开始将"自然"与"无为"并列起来,提升了"自然"的重要性。至魏晋玄学与早期道教经典那里,形成以"自然"为主的解释道家的思想理路,确立了自然主义的时代思潮。因此,以严遵、王充为界,道家思想的诠释主旨亦即"自然""无为"的思想地位在学术史上实现了第一次转变。     

The nature of The Nature of Prejudice

This paper attempts to establish the historical context for the development and publication of Gordon Allport's text, The Nature of Prejudice, and by so doing illustrate the importance of historicizing psychological social psychology. The Nature of Prejudice was, in part, the cumulative result of a decade of Gordon Allport's classroom teaching in a new interdisciplinary unit at Harvard, the Department of Social Relations. This paper chronicles key elements of Allport's course -"Prejudice and Intergroup Conflict"-from 1944 to the mid-1950s.     

试论社会历史规律和自然规律

从古希腊神话故事中的命运女神,到基督教神学关于上帝决定历史,再到维科、康德和黑格尔等关于“天神旨意”、“自然的意图”和“理性的狡黠”,尽管都没有科学地揭示出人类社会历史的内在规律,但都以不同形式承认了社会历史规律的存在。可以说,在19世纪下半叶之前,关于人类社会历史是有规律的思想一直是占主导地位的历史观。但是,在马克思之前,人们普遍认为社会历史规律是绝对必然性,人在这种必然性面前是无能为力、束手无策的。如黑格尔的历史哲学,就具有浓厚的宿命论色彩。     

The Activities of The Scandinavian Societies

Freud's concept of the death instinct has given rise to many different interpretations which have often been contradictory. It is in fact already possible to discern two diametrically opposite meanings of this concept in Freud's work from 1920—Beyond the Pleasure Principle—in which he first introduced the concept of the death instinct. In this paper, it is argued that both these meanings are relevant in describing psychical life, although only one of these meanings actually qualifies for the concept “death instinct”. Beyond the Pleasure Principle was written in order to try to understand some everyday, as well as clinical phenomena which could not be explained by the so-called pleasure principle. Freud postulated something beyond the pleasure principle, which initially seemed to have to do with binding energy. I will preserve this idea and attempt to develop it within the context of a phenomenological analysis of time. The temporalization of the subject involves a very basic affirmation of existence, in that the subject experiences something constant, something that can be said to possess the quality of a gestalt. I propose that that which is beyond the pleasure principle—this binding of energy—should be understood as the opposite of the idea of a primordial death instinct striving towards death. In this case, that which is beyond the pleasure principle reflects an original affirmation of existence, which could be said to correspond to Freud's first meaning of the death instinct. The second meaning—for which the name “death instinct” seems to be applicable—concerns the discharge of energy, which from a temporal point of view shows itself as a tendency to dissolution. The concept of the death instinct in its various meanings is discussed in connection with phenomenological reflections on time, which is a different approach from Freud's attempt to ground the death instinct in biology.     

The Logic of The Goldhagen Debate

Since Daniel J. Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaustattempts to show that the Holocaust is explicable and can be understood largely in terms of a single cause, “eliminationist anti-Semitism”, it is not surprising that the book has generated an international debate. What is surprising is the magnitude and emotional intensity of the debate. This article argues that the deepest flaws in it Hitler's Willing Executioners,as well as the chasm of disagreement between Goldhagen's detractors and defenders, have as much to do with reasoning and concepts as with matters of fact. It concludes that Goldhagen's central argument is stronger than many of his critics claim, but that the inadequacy of his cognitive interpretation of anti-Semitism and his unexamined psychological assumptions weaken his attempt to explain the Holocaust. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

建言类型对领导者建言采纳的影响：面子与幽默的作用

以说服和面子理论为基础,通过两个研究探讨领导者建言采纳行为的影响因素及作用机制。结果发现：相对于促进型建言,抑制型建言给领导带来的面子威胁更大,且领导者感知面子威胁在建言类型与建言采纳之间起部分的中介作用。而幽默类型与水平影响领导者感知面子威胁的程度,积极幽默水平越高,领导者感知面子威胁的程度越低,其建言采纳可能性越高。这表明领导者感知面子威胁在建言类型与建议采纳间起中介作用,幽默调节了此中介效应。     

骨折治疗方法与原则的最优化历程

多年来骨折治疗,新旧技术、新旧理论相互融合,相互碰撞,产生了新的理论和方法,使得临床疗效显著提高,现阶段理智的临床医生应该融汇各家之长,多方互补,对每一位骨折患者的治疗都应该按照最优化的原则进行.但是在医疗过程中总存在着如方法选择不当或者错误,过度治疗,医患信任危机,医疗伦理道德的丧失等情况,我们应该用矛盾分析的方法来思考这些问题.     

The Future of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

I examine the value and limitations of Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In the interests of developing a social epistemology of science, I argue that we should draw on Kuhn’s later work, published in The Road since Structure. There, Kuhn draws attention to the important role that specialty formation plays in resolving crises in science, a topic he did not discuss in Structure. I argue that we need to develop a better understanding of specialty research communities. Kuhn’s later work provides a research agenda for those who want to study scientific specialization. I briefly discuss some recent studies that promise to provide valuable insight into the social structure of science.     

“解释学”的没落与“描述学”的兴起——“既成”与“当下瞬间”的冲突

为了充分理解解释这个术语本身,我们得回到它的前提及其相关术语。解释的前提是理解,被理解的叫含义或意义。无论我们是否意识到,解释已经意味着进入哲学,从来的哲学家都在解释世界(马克思语)。怎么解释呢?用语言。传统上,我们往往从意识或概念领域接近解释学问     

The Wisdom of Administration in The Analects

The basic spirit of administration in The Analects includes the five following aspects: the wisdom of administration regarding humanity as the foundation; the wisdom of leadership with primary virtue; the wisdom of conducting business with righteousness; the wisdom of harmonious organization; and the wisdom of coordination with the mean. Relative to modern Western rational spirit of scientific management, Confucian management focuses on exploring the humanities and shaping human nature, and this has a unique value for contemporary management activities.