Der informierte Trinker – wozu?

Das Schlagwort vom mündigen Patienten macht derzeit die Runde in allen gesundheitspolitischen Diskussionen. Dabei ist nicht ganz klar, ob es sich um ein Einfordern von Patientenrechten auf Information und Mitgestaltung des therapeutischen Prozesses – sowohl auf der individuellen als auch auf der gesellschaftlichen Ebene (Mitspracherecht von Patientenvertretern bei der Planung von gesundheitspolitischen Ma?nahmen, Finanzierung von Therapieprogrammen etc.) – oder eher um das Abschieben von therapeutischer Verantwortung mit dem Hintergedanken, dass sich der Patient ja aussuchen k?nne, für welche Behandlungsmethode er sich entschlie?e, wie intensiv er mitarbeite und wie eigenverantwortlich er therapeutische Empfehlungen umsetze, handelt.     

“Der Wille zur Macht”汉译之我见

赖乔先生的《关于ＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ的汉译》(《哲学译丛》 2 0 0 1年第 1期 ,以下简称“赖文”)一文对把ＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ译为“权力意志”提出了质疑 ,并且得到了俞吾金先生的回应 (《也谈ＤｅｒＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ的汉译》 ,《哲学译丛》 2 0 0     

也谈Der Wille zur Macht的汉译

众所周知 ,在如何翻译尼采的ｄｅｒＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ这个重要词组的问题上 ,学术界存在着不同的看法。人们通常把这个词组译为“权力意志” ,但“权力”这个词的政治含义太强 ,容易引起误解。所以 ,也有人主张把这个词组译为“强力意志” ,但“强力”这个生僻而且内容模糊的概念也没有被学术界所普遍接受。笔者也一直在思考这个问题。不久前 ,看到赖乔先生在《哲学译丛》 2 0 0 1年第 1期上发表的短文《关于ＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ的汉译》 ,终于忍不住了 ,也想谈点自己的看法 ,以求教于学界同仁。赖先生主张 ,不能在ｚｕｒ (…     

Zur ‘Regulativen Funktion’ Der Kantischen Antinomien

Ohne ZusammenfassungMein Dank gilt dem Philosoph. Department und dem Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies der Pennsylvania State University, die mir in Zusammenhang mit einem dort abgehaltenen Kant-Seminar Gelegenheit zur Ausarbeitung dieses Beitrages gaben.     

Ist Die Limes-Theorie Der Wahrscheinlichkeit Eine Sinnvolle Idealisation?

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Der ?ltere Gewaltt?ter vor der Strafvollstreckungskammer

As much as violent offences are the beloved item of criminal novels and, the more brutal the better of the media, there is little research about this issue, when it comes to convicted offenders being in their sixties and seventies, and subjects of whether or not to be released. This article cannot present any evaluated database but must refer to common experience drawn from many individual cases mostly related to prisoners serving a life-time sentence or preventive detention. The discussion requires a distinction between a large variety of violations and will lead to the finding that every single violent offender must be closely and individually scrutinized. Nevertheless, the law provides some rules which, although they are given for every decision to be made on sentenced offenders who are to be released or to stay in penitentiary (which is, according to German law, a decision dedicated to a special Chamber of the Court), show specific implementations when applied to this group; what it does not show is pure age as a valid protective factor.     

Der Einfluß eines kaleidoskopischen Figurwandels auf das Erkundungsverhalten

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit den vorliegenden Untersuchungen zum Erkundungsverhalten waren vielfältige technische Probleme aufgegeben. Ich danke dem Werkstattleiter des Psychologischen Instituts der Universität Münster, Herrn Menke und seinen Lehrlingen U. Spielbusch und M. Gerdes für ihre tatkräftige Hilfe bei der Herstellung der Versuchsapparatur. Herrn Franck danke ich für die Anfertigung von Befundbögen und Fotografien sowie Herrn Höner vom Verkaufsbüro Essen der Firma Kalle & Co. A.G., Wiesbaden-Bieberich, für die Beschaffung von Kunststoffolien, ohne die die kaleidoskopischen Bildvorlagen nicht hätten hergestellt werden können.Die Stiftung Volkswagenwerk unterstützte mich mit einem Jahresstipendium.Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinen verehrten Lehrern, Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Heckhausen, der mich in das Rahmenthema der Wahrnehmungsneugier einführte und die vielfältigen Probleme laufend mit mir diskutierte, und nicht zuletzt Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. W. Metzger, der mir wertvolle Hinweise für die Anlage der Versuchsanordnung und die Entwicklung und Auswahl der kaleidoskopischen Bildvorlagen gab.Von der philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Münster angenommene Dissertationsarbeit.     

Führt Der Physikalismus Zu Absurden Konsequenzen?

Does Physicalism lead to absurd results? Franz von Kutschera argued in his book ?Grundfragender Erkenntnistheorie” that the weakest version of physicalism, i. e. the thesis that physical facts determine all the facts there are, leads to the absurd result that events in a remote future determine the present brain states of a person. It is shown that the argument is flawed in several respects and that the absurd result is not a consequence of physicalism but of an auxiliary premiss of Kutschera's.     

Der Therapiewunsch und die Realität der Vollzugsanstalt

The author describes the practical problems which have arisen from the implementation of the new legal regulations on preventive detention from the perspective of the director of a large prison full of tradition and using graphic examples. This process initiates a much more intensive conversion from imprisonment with a priority for security aspects to a permissive preventive custody with a prioritized orientation to treatment which must be implemented into a continuously ongoing prison system. In this situation it is unknown which effects the necessary relaxation of security aspects will have. It is also open as to what extent the inmates under preventive detention will show interest in therapy and whether they can be forced to become motivated. Additionally, in the coming years the judiciary will determine to which rights and amenities the inmates are entitled. On the side of the penal system there will always be an interest to use the critical situation as well as the situation as a whole to improve the methods of dealing with offenders.     

Der Fall Ludwig Tessnow (1872–1939)

The journeyman carpenter Ludwig Tessnow was sentenced to death for four murders by the Greifswald jury court in 1902. The death sentence was upheld during the retrial in 1906 but was later commuted to life imprisonment. According to the unanimous opinion of psychiatric experts Tessnow committed the crimes while in a state of mental incompetence caused by epileptic twilight states. The court, however, ignored this mitigating circumstance in its decision-making process. Seen from a historical perspective, the case is of forensic psychiatric interest because this criminal trial clearly shows the conflicts in competence which arose in the nineteenth century between judges and medical experts when mental competence had to be assessed. It also allows some insight into how mentally ill offenders were dealt with at the beginning of the twentieth century when the influence of public opinion was (and still is) a noteworthy element of prejudgement which was additionally consolidated by the established system of jury courts. The Tessnow case reveals by way of example the usual practice of official consignment of mentally disordered offenders to hospitals at the end of the nineteenth century until the Nazi era. New particulars of the Tessnow findings adequately verified that Tessnow had not been executed in the Greifswald prison as mistakenly believed. It could be proved that Ludwig Tessnow was admitted to the LandesheilanstaltStralsund (state mental hospital in Stralsund) where he became a victim of the Nazi euthanasia program.     

Der Religiöse Glaube Und Die Religionskritik Der Aufklärung. Beschränkungen Des Vernunftgebrauchs Im Lichte Kritischer Philosophie

Summary   Religious Faith and Criticism of Religion of Enlightenment. Restrictions of the Use of Reason in the Light of Critical Philosophy. In the this paper I analyse the present problem situation of the christian faith with respect to the assumption of the existence of God and the role of Jesus and I criticize the problem-solutions offered by Bultmann, Ratzinger, Küng and Habermas. I try to show that all these solutions imply a similar arbitrary restriction of the use of reason.     

Der Vergleich als Brücke zwischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte und Wissenschaftstheorie

Comparisons as a Bridge between History and Philosophy of Science. Both in history and philosophy of science, comparisons are looked upon with considerable skepticism. A widespread syndrome of casuitis, i.e., the tendency of historians of science to produce extremely narrow and local studies that do not present a case for any broader thesis of interest to philosophers, has widened the gulf between history and philosophy of science.This may be somewhat surprising to sociologists, philosophers, or general,legal and cultural historians, who have been using comparisons successfully for a long time–albeit not always without controversy. In the first part of this paper, I assess the status of comparisons in science studies, in order to explain why their systematic use is not nearly as natural as might elsewhere be expected. This critical section is followed by a very brief outline of the prerequisites for fruitful comparison as formulated by general and sociological historians in their detailed methodological discussions. To these are added some necessary conditions from the perspective of modern history of science. In the third part I present four examples of such systematic comparisons taken from my own research. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Der Behandlungsbedarf bei jungen Straftätern (BB-JuSt)

The BB-JuSt is a newly developed standardized instrument used in juvenile correctional settings to document the results of the inital assessment of treatment and educational needs of young offenders. It is made up of 23 items with 5-point rating scales (with the exception of the item caring for a child) which refer to specific needs and responsivity factors relating to educational attainments and basic reading/writing and mathematic skills, alcohol/drug/gambling problems, criminogenic disposition (e.g., aggressiveness), psychological disorders, lifestyle and social environment (e.g. associates and family). To determine the interrater reliability of this instrument 42 young offenders were classified by professional prison staff as usual, and additionally by 2 external researchers. Whereas excellent agreement between the external researchers was achieved on all items, the comparison between staff and researchers showed only moderate correlations. These results indicate that the BB-JuSt is a reliable instrument that can be used for treatment planning decisions and for research purposes but extensive training is required for users.