关于Wille zur Macht的汉译

尼采有一本著作名为《ＤｅｒＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ》 ,它的汉译长期以来都是《权力意志》。据一位研究德国哲学的学者说 ,过去曾有人怀疑这个译名的正确性。经过查考 ,我发现“权力意志”这个译名有两个不足之处 :(1 )它没有把ｚｕｒ译出 ,或者说 ,译者把ｚｕｒ当作ｄｅｒ来译了 ;(2 )Ｍａｃｈｔ有力量、能力、权力等意思 ,尼采并没有把它的意思限定为“权力”。查德语的介词ｚｕ有一个意思是“向”和“接近” ;ｚｕｒ是ｚｕｄｅｒ的缩写 ,其中的ｄｅｒ是定冠词 ,ｚｕ要求后接名词的第三格 ,名词Ｍａｃｈｔ属阴性 ,它的第三格使用的定…     

Elterntrainings zur Pr?vention dissozialen Verhaltens

This paper presents the concept of Development Promotion in Families: Parent and Child Training (EntwicklungsF?rderung in Familien: Eltern- und Kindertraining, EFFEKT^?). The parent training was developed and evaluated as part of the Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study (L?sel et al. M?glichkeiten der Gewaltpr?vention, S?201?C249, 2005; L?sel et al., Z Klin Psychol Psychother 35:127?C139, 2006). EFFEKT was constructed as a universal program for the prevention of antisocial behavior in children. In the meantime it has now been extended by several program units: adapted parent training for migrants, adapted training for depressive mothers, training for internationally mobile parents, training for parents of children under the age of 3 years, school children and adolescents. Therefore, it can also be used as a selective prevention program. In addition, the training is used throughout Europe with the help of an internet version of EFFEKT, providing a low threshold for users. This article presents mainly the contents of the training and selected evaluation results. All results prove the successful implementation of all EFFEKT programs. Moreover, the output evaluation of the training suggests substantial effects with regard to the behavior of children. In comparison to the control group, the results of the training groups were superior in almost all evaluation areas. The results suggest that EFFEKT can be used as a universal as well as a selective prevention program.     

Psychoanalytische Überlegungen zur Pädophilie

Following the long psychoanalytic tradition in the treatment of paedophiles, in a first step this article tries to define structural components of sexual delinquency that on the one hand correlate with the psychoanalytic model of psychic structures and on the other hand are consistent with the clinical experience of forensic psychotherapeutic practice. In a second step different levels of severity in the structural psychopathology of sexual delinquents are described by taking advantage of the object relationship theoretical conception of personality organisation. Finally, in a third step the psychodynamic features of these patients are highlighted, which have frequently been found and described in the clinical psychoanalytic literature on paedophilia including traumatising mother relationship, narcissistic object choice, inadequate triangulation, self-permuting drive, simulation and disturbance of identification.     

也谈Der Wille zur Macht的汉译

众所周知 ,在如何翻译尼采的ｄｅｒＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ这个重要词组的问题上 ,学术界存在着不同的看法。人们通常把这个词组译为“权力意志” ,但“权力”这个词的政治含义太强 ,容易引起误解。所以 ,也有人主张把这个词组译为“强力意志” ,但“强力”这个生僻而且内容模糊的概念也没有被学术界所普遍接受。笔者也一直在思考这个问题。不久前 ,看到赖乔先生在《哲学译丛》 2 0 0 1年第 1期上发表的短文《关于ＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ的汉译》 ,终于忍不住了 ,也想谈点自己的看法 ,以求教于学界同仁。赖先生主张 ,不能在ｚｕｒ (…     

Kasuistik zur Kindeswohlgefährdung bei postpartaler Depression

Postpartum psychiatric disorders adversely affect the relationship between the mother and her baby, frequently in a very serious way. It is common that both objective and subjective aspects of this relationship would be negatively influenced by the maternal pathology. The disturbances that arise from the psychiatric disorders could become a hostile and rejecting quality and could be unfavourable to the long-term development of the child. Obsessional impulses to harm the baby are not rare by mothers in the postpartum period. A large figure of severely depressed and psychotic mothers admited to have had some thoughts of harming or to killing the baby. Some of them have already done harmful things to their babies. Ideations of infanticide or child abuse are not always associated with psychiatric disorders (i.e. depressive symptoms or delusion). They could be a consequence of a severe Bonding disorder.     

“Der Wille zur Macht”汉译之我见

赖乔先生的《关于ＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ的汉译》(《哲学译丛》 2 0 0 1年第 1期 ,以下简称“赖文”)一文对把ＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ译为“权力意志”提出了质疑 ,并且得到了俞吾金先生的回应 (《也谈ＤｅｒＷｉｌｌｅｚｕｒＭａｃｈｔ的汉译》 ,《哲学译丛》 2 0 0     

Beiträge zur sensori-tonischen Feldtheorie der Wahrnehmung

Zusammenfassung 30 weibliche und 30 männliche Versuchspersonen gaben im Dunkelraum bzw. mit geschlossenen Augen bei seitlicher Körperneigung bis in die Horizontale an, in welcher Position ihnen eine Leuchtlinie und ein Metallstab senkrecht erschienen. In nichtlinearer Abhängigkeit vom Grad der Körperneigung zeigten sich dabei Abweichungen der scheinbaren von der objektiven Vertikalen. Die Tendenz dieser Abweichung war für den visuellen wie für den taktilen Wahrnehmungsbereich gleich, bei geringer Körperneigung entgegen, bei großer Körperneigung in die Richtung der Neigung, wobei letztere Tendenz stärker für die visuelle Vertikale ausgeprägt war. Die Ergebnisse wurden auf dem Boden der sensoritonischen Wahrnehmungstheorie interpretiert, nach der sich die Veränderungen in der Lage der scheinbaren Vertikalen nach dem Prinzip der sensori-tonischen Induktion auf Tonusveränderungen des Organismus durch die Scitwärtsneigung zurückführen lassen. Zur Erklärung der nichtlinearen Beziehung zwischen Körperneigung und Abweichung der scheinbaren Vertikalen wurde ein dynamisches Kräftespiel zwischen einer Tendenz zur Reizzuwendung und einer im Dienst der Konstanterhaltung der Wahrnehmungswelt dieser entgegenwirkenden Reaktion angenommen. Das Ergebnis dieses Kräftespiels ließ sich interpretieren, wenn man die Bedeutung einer Konstanterhaltung der Raumdimensionen in aufrechter gegenüber liegender Körperstellung für den visuellen Fernraum gegenüber dem taktilen Nahraum berücksichtigt.

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Summary Thirty male and 30 female Ss indicated by means of a luminescent rod in the darkroom and by means of a metal bar with closed eyes the vertical direction of space under systematic variation of tilt from erect to the horizontal position. Deviations of apparent from true vertical had a non-linear relation to the degree of body tilt. The trend of deviations was similar for the visual and tactual experiment: With small angles of body tilt apparent vertical tended to deviate opposite to the direction of tilt; with large degrees of tilt apparent vertical tended to deviate in the direction of tilt. The latter tendency was more pronounced for visual than for tactual vertical.The results were interpreted in keeping with sensory-tonic field theory of perception, according to which deviations of apparent vertical were due to changes in the sensory-tonic state of the organism. Such changes were experimentally introduced through lateral body tilt. To explain the non-linear relation between deviations of apparent vertical and the degree of body tilt, it was hypothesized that there is a dynamic interplay between a primary tendency of the organism to towards stimulation and a secondary opposing tendency serving the maintenance of constancy of spatial dimensions. The result of this interplay was interpreted by introducing the notion of biological relevance of spatial constancy of the upright position versus the reclining position for visual far-space and tactual near-space.

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Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch ein Public Health Service Research Grant, MH-00348 des National Institute of Mental Health, während der erste Autor als NATO-Forschungsstipendiat an der Clark-Universität arbeitete. Die Berechnungen wurden im Rechenzentrum des Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts durchgeführt.     

Patientensicht zur Qualität in der Psychotherapie

Concerning the discussion about the quality of psychotherapy, the different perspectives in the definition of quality are rarely considered. Especially the patients’ perspective is barely respected although quality assurance of psychotherapy should be for their benefit. Patients were interviewed (n=8) to answer the question which criteria of quality are relevant in their view. Using the grounded theory a variety of quality criteria was found. The interviewees emphasized the relationship between therapist and patient, the empathy of the therapist, the scheduling of appointments and the progress in therapy. The results suggest that when judging the quality of psychotherapy clients do not only focus on the outcome of psychotherapy, as presumed by some experts, but also on the dimensions structure and process. Professionals have to consider this fact when designing and applying methods of quality assurance.     

Didaktische Überlegungen zur Ausbildung psychodynamischer Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten

This article outlines some basic ideas on the question of how psychoanalysis and psychotherapy can be taught at universities as well as in training institutes. The author begins by supporting the thesis that in academia the experiential self-examination aspect of psychoanalysis is often neglected. The following thoughts on didactics then rely mostly on methods based in the humanistic traditions of gestalt therapy and psychodrama. Experience-focused approaches to teaching psychodynamics start with lived experiences and then lead on to a theoretical understanding of the concepts in question. The author concludes by presenting concrete teaching plans for the topics crisis and suicide in order to illustrate the practical implications of the previously developed theses.     

Die „angenehmste Entfernung“ zur Betrachtung sozialer Objekte

Zusammenfassung 3 Experimente wurden durchgeführt, in denen die Versuchspersonen (39 Studenten) aufgefordert wurden, die ihnen am angenehmsten erscheinende Entfernung zu verschiedenen Reizobjekten zu wählen. Es zeigte sich, daß die Versuchspersonen näher an Personen als an Fotografien von Personen oder Gegenständen herangingen. Männliche Versuchspersonen gingen näher an weibliche als an männliche Reizpersonen heran. Es bestand außerdem die Tendenz einer größeren Annäherung an Personen, wenn diese die Versuchsperson anblickten. Die angenehmste Entfernung war individuell verschieden und über mehrere Wochen stabil. Sie war außerdem vom räumlichen Bezugssystem abhängig; in diesem Zusammenhang konnte die Ausbildung von Einstellungen gezeigt werden. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Hinblick auf ein Gleichgewichtsmodell sozialer Kräfte von Argyle u. Dean diskutiert.

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The most comfortable distance for observing social objects

Summary Three experiments were conducted in which subjects (39 students) were to choose the distance from various stimulus objects which appeared most comfortable to them. It was shown that subjects approached actual persons more closely than they did photographs of persons or objects. Male subjects approached female stimulus objects more closely than they did males. There was a tendency of greater approach if the stimulus persons gazed at the subjects. The most comfortable distance was specific for the individual and remained stable over a period of several weeks. It also depended upon the spatial frame of reference; in this connection the development of sets could be shown. The results were discussed in relation to a model for the equilibrium of social forces from Argyle and Dean.

     

Feststellungen zur T?terpers?nlichkeit im Strafverfahren

This article describes the difficulties in investigating the mental elements of offences in criminal procedures. It is shown that despite these difficulties the aim of finding out the truth in criminal procedures should be adhered to and the possible contributions by forensic psychiatry to this aim are discussed.     

Die Geschichte der „Stellungnahme zur psychoanalytischen Therapie“

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Negative theology in Heidegger's Beiträge zur Philosophie

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion -     

I. Frege's ‘Kernsätze zur Logik’

The short fragment of Frege's Nachlass which bears the above title, given to it by the editors, is in fact a sequence of connected comments by him on the Introduction to Lotze's Logik, or, more exactly, a response by him to that Introduction. It is thus very probably the earliest piece of writing from Frege's pen on the philosophy of logic surviving to us, and, when it is read in this light, the motivation for its author's puzzling selection of remarks and the turns of phrase he employs become intelligible. We see here an early attempt by Frege to attain clarity about a topic that was to preoccupy him throughout his entire philosophical career, the nature of thoughts.     

Psychoanalytische Beiträge zur Behandlung in der forensischen Psychiatrie

Two psychoanalytic treatments are described for patients suffering from severe personality disorders who have killed. These treatments have been conducted in a high security hospital and are part of the overall treatment plan for any patient. Structural changes can emerge in the course of long-term continuous treatment which is conducted within the framework of a multidisciplinary team under conditions of physical security. These changes are described and clinically illustrated using the model of mental structure of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) system. The traumatic effect of “improvement” is emphasized as well as the risk of further enactment of lower severity. The latter might however trigger considerable anxiety in those who are contributing to the care of these patients. This is of importance for the gradual steps of integrating the patient back into the community. The psychoanalytic contributions are considered as necessary immunization against the contagiousness of these disturbances in these settings and also can help clinical teams to have more realistic prognostic expectations.