对建立我国艾滋病防治督导与评估体系的思考

随着我国艾滋病防治工作的持续深入,定期对艾滋病防治工作进行督导与评估越来越重要.但是,到目前为止,我国尚未建立国家综合协调的艾滋病防治督导与评估体系.通过对建立国家艾滋病防治督导评估体系的必要性、可行性及存在的问题进行分析,围绕如何构建一个统一、综合、有效的督导评估体系提出政策建议.     

对构建我国艾滋病防治督导与评估预期框架的探讨

根据艾滋病防治督导与评估框架具有的功能及构建框架的原则,提出了构建我国艾滋病防治督导与评估预期框架的思路。该预期框架包括总框架和组织管理与协调、指标体系和数据管理三个分框架。通过对构建预期框架的探讨,为制定我国艾滋病防治督导与评估方案提供参考。     

基层艾滋病防治常态化的国际经验对我国的启示

目前我国艾滋病疫情形势依然严峻,艾滋病防治工作难度日益增大,面临着前所未有的挑战。除艾滋病本身的性质外,受艾滋病影响人群日益"特殊化"问题也日渐显露,成为制约我国艾滋病防治可持续发展的瓶颈。将艾滋病防治工作融入现行社会体制,是保障艾滋病防治工作可持续发展的关键,据此提出艾滋病防治工作的"常态化"概念以及基层艾滋病防治工作的常态化运行和管理机制。阐述了基层艾滋病防治工作常态化的意义,通过对国外基层艾滋病防治工作常态化成功经验的探讨,为完善我国基层艾滋病防治工作常态化体系提供借鉴。     

HIV母婴传播防治中的现存问题和对策

通过研究分析国内外艾滋病母婴传播的防治情况,了解HIV母婴传播防治中现存的一些的问题,并提出相应的应对措施,为今后HIV母婴传播防治工作中相关政策的制定以及我国如何建立预防艾滋病母婴传播的模式提供参考,以利于HIV母婴传播防治工作的顺利开展和有效进行.     

HIV母婴传播防治中的现存问题和对策

通过研究分析国内外艾滋病母婴传播的防治情况,了解HIV母婴传播防治中现存的一些的问题,并提出相应的应对措施,为今后HIV母婴传播防治工作中相关政策的制定以及我国如何建立预防艾滋病母婴传播的模式提供参考,以利于HIV母婴传播防治工作的顺利开展和有效进行。     

领导干部防艾意识的调研报告

1998年中国政府在《中国预防控制艾滋病中长期规划》中将艾滋病防治的总目标确定为 :“建立政府领导、多部门合作和全社会参与的艾滋病性病预防和控制体系 ,在全社会普及艾滋病、性病防治知识 ,控制艾滋病的流行与传播”。在保障这一目标实现的诸因素中 ,最重要的是政府领导。如果政府的主要领导干部像《规划》中所预设的 :将“减轻艾滋病给人民健康及国民经济和社会发展带来的危害”作为自己的工作要务之一 ,多部门合作、全社会参与的有效控制艾滋病流行传播的机制就能形成。党和政府的主要领导干部对防治艾滋病及相关问题怎样看 ?2 0 0 1-…     

山西省艾滋病防治政策分析

阐述了艾滋病在山西省流行的现状,探讨了艾滋病引发的社会问题,分析了艾滋病防治条例、四免一关怀政策以及艾滋病自愿咨询与检测制度的执行情况以及在执行过程中所存在的主要问题,研究了山西省艾滋病防治工作相关基金的来源和使用情况,针对山西省在艾滋病防治工作中存在的问题,提出了艾滋病防治工作与社区工作相结合的建议。     

山西省艾滋病防治政策分析

阐述了艾滋病在山西省流行的现状,探讨了艾滋病引发的社会问题,分析了艾滋病防治条例、四免一关怀政策以及艾滋病自愿咨询与检测制度的执行情况以及在执行过程中所存在的主要问题,研究了山西省艾滋病防治工作相关基金的来源和使用情况,针对山西省在艾滋病防治工作中存在的问题,提出了艾滋病防治工作与社区工作相结合的建议.     

中国绿色养老住区评估体系研究

围绕如何建设绿色养老住区,许多国家都制定了各自的养老住区的标准和评估体系。这为我国建立绿色养老住区评估体系提供了宝贵的经验。我国在借鉴国外经验的基础上,针对我国养老住区发展现状,建立了自己的一套评估体系,主要包括养老住区的技术评估、绿色底碳技术评估和住宅性能认定三部分。     

论我国艾滋病防治工作中的政府职能

艾滋病是世界性的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。近年来,我国艾滋病的流行呈现快速上升趋势,流行范围广,局部地区疫情相当严重,疫情正在从高危人群向一般人群传播。政府的组织领导是做好我国艾滋病防治工作的根本保证,各级政府要强化政府的公共卫生职责,发挥政府的主导作用,动员足够的防治资源和力量,引导社会各方面力量的广泛参与,打一场防治艾滋病的“人民战争”,我们一定能够控制艾滋病的流行。     

The Role of the Black Church in HIV Prevention: Exploring Barriers and Best Practices

Black people have the highest rate of HIV/AIDS infection in the USA, and they are less likely to access quality physical and mental healthcare. To address these disparities as outlined in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, there is a need for culturally congruent, innovative approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention. The first multi‐denominational national study of Black faith leaders was conducted utilizing focus groups that were held in 11 US cities. The 265 participants were faith leaders who reported involvement in such prevention practices as sponsoring HIV/AIDS workshops, integrating HIV/AIDS messaging in the worship service, hosting HIV/AIDS screenings, distributing written materials about HIV/AIDS through the bulletin or flyers, pastoral counselling, advocating for policies that provide quality healthcare to the community and disseminating HIV/AIDS prevention messages through new media such as the Church website. These findings, including attention to barriers to engagement, provide insight into innovative practices that can be integrated into faith‐based HIV/AIDS prevention programming. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AIDS‐Related Stigma in Individuals With Other Stigmatized Identities in the USA: A Review of Layered Stigmas

AIDS‐related stigmas have profound negative impacts on people living with and those affected by HIV/AIDS. While a considerable body of work examines AIDS‐related stigma, it is less clear how AIDS stigmas affect individuals in relation to other stigmatized identities, particularly ethnic minorities. This review examines the literature on AIDS‐related stigma among these groups. The limited available research indicates that AIDS stigmas can seriously interfere with HIV testing, treatment, and care. In addition, prevention studies conducted with incarcerated adolescents, a group characterized by stigmatized identities and high risks for HIV, indicate that interventions for this population do not address stigmatized identities and demonstrate limited effects on risk reduction outcomes. Research is needed to examine stigma in primary prevention of HIV with an at‐risk stigmatized group.     

College students and HIV/AIDS: more insights on knowledge, testing, and sexual practices

In this study, the authors confirm and expand previous findings (M. Anastasi, R. G. Sawyer, & P. J. Pinciaro, 1999; J. E. Lewis & R. M. Malow, 1997) concerning college students' knowledge and perceptions about HIV/AIDS. Although students are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS, they have little personal concern about becoming infected and do not take appropriate safe sex precautions. Findings of the present study show that gender, ethnic background, and knowing someone infected by HIV/AIDS influence students' level of concern about infection. In addition, older students and those who know someone infected by HIV/AIDS are more likely to have been tested. Results are compared with national surveys of other age groups, and the authors suggest specific intervention strategies for college students.     

Ethical aspects of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies and control in Malawi

HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns have been overshadowed by conflicting, competing, and contradictory views between those who support condom use as a last resort and those who are against it for fear of promoting sexual immorality. We argue that abstinence and faithfulness to one partner are the best available moral solutions to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Of course, deontologists may argue that condom use might appear useful and effective in controlling HIV/AIDS; however, not everything that is useful is always good. In principle, all schools of thought and faith seem to agree on the question of faithfulness for married couples and abstinence for those who are not married. But they differ on condom use. On the ground, the situation is far more complex. We simply lack a single, entirely reliable way to resolve all disagreements regarding HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.

特殊人群艾滋病行为干预的思考

艾滋病直接危害人类的健康,也对社会、政治、经济及人文伦理道德产生重大的负面影响。对艾滋病病人犯罪的监管问题,公安干警的职业暴露问题,都是目前司法实践中遇到的新课题。加强艾滋病患者违法监管,对特殊群体进行行为干预,是司法结构急待解决问题。     

HIV/AIDS and immigrant Cape Verdean women: Contextualized perspectives of Cape Verdean community advocates

This research explored Cape Verdean community advocates’ understandings of the structural and social realities that contribute to the increased HIV/AIDS risk of Northeastern U.S.-based immigrant Cape Verdean women. A community perspective informed the analysis of the multi-layered contextual barriers that these advocates identified as limiting the effectiveness of individual-level HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention models. Qualitative content analysis of interviews with nine community advocates revealed several thematic clusters including challenges to (1) perceived institutional and community realities; (2) traditional gender relations; and, (3) traditional ways of thinking. These findings challenge universalist cognitive-behavioral change models of HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention and are critically discussed to better understand the complex realities faced by Cape Verdean immigrant women. A liberatory community psychology perspective framed the research process and contributed to reconceptualizing HIV/AIDS risk as a community problem that requires interventions not simply at the individual and relational levels, but also at the structural level.     

HIV/AIDS prevention support resourcing with family and peers: University student perspectives

This study explored how students construct family and peers as resources for their HIV prevention. The participants were 20 education students from a South African technology education university (female = 60%, black = 85%; age range = 18 to 24). They completed a semi-structured interview on their access to family and peers talking about HIV/AIDS prevention in the context of perceived cultural influences. The data was thematically analysed using open-coding. Findings suggest that students shared information about HIV/AIDS prevention with peers, and less so with family. They perceived cultural taboos around sex talk to be a barrier to open discussion of HIV/ADS. Students may need to acquire strategies to negotiate HIV/AIDS prevention approaches with family in the context of culture.     

盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病流行特征分析

分析盘锦市艾滋病瘦情流行特征,为预防控制提供依据.对盘锦市2005年～2013年艾滋病瘦情数及流行病学调查资料进行统计分析.结果盘锦市2005年～2013年累计报告HIV/AIDS 127例,病例逐年上升,男性显著高于女性,发病年龄以20岁～44岁的青壮年,未婚占54.88％,感染途径以性途径为主,占95.28％,男男同性占61.42％,病例主要发现途径为医疗机构的检测及疾控机构的检测咨询.因此,盘锦市的艾滋病瘦情呈上升趋势,以性传播途径为主,尤其是男男同性增加明显.     

Other- versus self-focus and risky health behavior: the case of HIV/AIDS

We examined the relationships of other-focus and self-focus with risky health behaviors among HIV+ individuals. Participants who were recruited by an AIDS advocacy organization completed anonymous questionnaires that included measures of other-focus (i.e. empathic concern and perspective-taking) and self-focus (i.e. personal distress and exaggerated internal control); direct measures of concern about the consequences of HIV/AIDS for the self, close others, and society; and a measure of willingness to engage in HIV/AIDS risk behaviors. As predicted, other-focus measures were generally associated with less, and self-focus measures with greater, willingness to engage in risky behavior. However, concern about the consequences of HIV/AIDS for close others was similar to self-focus and was associated with greater willingness to engage in risky behavior. These results are consistent with the notion that prevention efforts focusing on the consequences of HIV/AIDS – and perhaps other communicable diseases – might be more effective if they highlighted the consequences of the disease for society.