共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Michael Veber 《Sophia》2007,46(2):177-187
Recent studies provide some support for the idea that prayer has curative powers. It is argued that even if prayers are effective
in these kinds of cases it cannot be because God is answering them. While many have challenged theological explanations for
the efficacy of prayer on epistemic grounds, the argument presented here concludes that the theological explanation conflicts
with the standard conception of God. In particular, if God answers prayers in these kinds of cases then God is immoral.
相似文献
Michael VeberEmail: |
2.
Igor Hanzel 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2008,39(2):273-301
The paper tries to provide an alternative to Hempel’s approach to scientific laws and scientific explanation as given in his
D-N model. It starts with a brief exposition of the main characteristics of Hempel’s approach to deductive explanations based
on universal scientific laws and analyzes the problems and paradoxes inherent in this approach. By way of solution, it analyzes
the scientific laws and explanations in classical mechanics and then reconstructs the corresponding models of explanation,
as well as the types of scientific laws appearing in it. Finally, it compares this reconstruction with the approaches of J.
Woodward and C. Hitchcock, C. Liu and with the views of M. Thalos on analytic mechanics.
相似文献
Igor HanzelEmail: |
3.
Holger Andreas 《Erkenntnis》2008,69(3):315-333
In this paper, a solution to the problem of theoretical terms is developed that is based on Carnap’s doctrine of indirect
interpretation of theoretical terms. This doctrine will be given a semantic, model-theoretic explanation that is not given
by Carnap himself as he remains content with a syntactic explanation. From that semantic explanation, rules for the truth-value
assignment to postulates, i.e. sentences that determine the meaning of theoretical terms, are derived. The logical status
of postulates will be clarified thereby in such a way that the problem of theoretical terms disappears.
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Holger AndreasEmail: |
4.
Andrew Kania 《Philosophical Studies》2007,135(1):65-71
I discuss Gregory Currie’s taxonomy of explanations of the fictional. On the one hand, there is an important kind of relation
between internal and external explanations of some fictional truths that Currie leaves out, where both are salient and yet
in a relation of harmony with each other. On the other hand, I do not see that he has established that there is a genuine relation of tension between some pairs of internal and external explanations, and thus I question the usefulness of the category of collapse. I also consider a further kind of explanation: the exterior explanation.
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Andrew KaniaEmail: |
5.
Materialism, as traditionally conceived, has a contingent side and a necessary side. The necessity of materialism is reflected
by the metaphysics of realization, while its contingency is a matter of accepting the possibility of Cartesian worlds, worlds
in which our minds are roughly as Descartes describes them. In this paper we argue that the necessity and the contingency
of materialism are in conflict. In particular, we claim that if mental properties are realized by physical properties in the
actual world, Cartesian worlds are impossible.
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Kelly TrogdonEmail: |
6.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):273-295
7.
Stavros A. Drakopoulos 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2008,9(2):303-315
There is a common empirical finding in many countries that substantial increases in real per capita income do not correspond
to equivalent increases of individual happiness. These findings have puzzled many economists that some have called the “paradox
of happiness”. There have been a number of explanations regarding this paradox. This paper attempts to tackle the paradox
of happiness by employing the idea of hierarchical choice. The hierarchical approach implies that there are some basic human
needs which must be satisfied before non-basic needs come into the picture. The paper argues that the hierarchical structure
of needs implies that the satisfaction of basic needs provides substantial increases to individual happiness compared to the
subsequent satisfaction of secondary needs. This might also be an alternative explanation of empirical findings showing a
positive relationship between income and happiness up to certain level of income. It can also be combined with existing explanations
of the paradox and thus enhance our understanding of the issue.
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Stavros A. DrakopoulosEmail: |
8.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
9.
Restating the role of phenomenal experience in the formation and maintenance of the Capgras delusion
Garry Young 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(2):177-189
In recent times, explanations of the Capgras delusion have tended to emphasise the cognitive dysfunction that is believed
to occur at the second stage of two-stage models. This is generally viewed as a response to the inadequacies of the one-stage
account. Whilst accepting that some form of cognitive disruption is a necessary part of the aetiology of the Capgras delusion,
I nevertheless argue that the emphasis placed on this second-stage is to the detriment of the important role played by the
phenomenology underlying the disorder, both in terms of the formation and maintenance of the delusional belief. This paper
therefore proposes an interactionist two-stage model in which the phenomenal experience of the Capgras patient is examined,
emphasised, and its relation to top-down processing discussed.
相似文献
Garry YoungEmail: |
10.
In this article we defend the inferential view of scientific models and idealisation. Models are seen as “inferential prostheses”
(instruments for surrogative reasoning) construed by means of an idealisation-concretisation process, which we essentially
understand as a kind of counterfactual deformation procedure (also analysed in inferential terms). The value of scientific
representation is understood in terms not only of the success of the inferential outcomes arrived at with its help, but also
of the heuristic power of representation and their capacity to correct and improve our models. This provides us with an argument
against Sugden’s account of credible models: the likelihood or realisticness (their “credibility”) is not always a good measure
of their acceptability. As opposed to “credibility” we propose the notion of “enlightening”, which is the capacity of giving
us understanding in the sense of an inferential ability.
相似文献
Xavier de Donato RodríguezEmail: |
Jesús Zamora Bonilla (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
The present research provides evidence that attribution theory can serve as an explanatory framework not only to explain achievers’
reactions to their achievement based on their self generated understandings of what brought these achievements about but also
when such information is provided by others. Thus, when we succeed at school, others may comment on the likely reasons for
this success. The present research addressed the question what it is that makes certain types of feedback on the reasons for
success at school hurtful. The results of two studies conducted in the context of a school setting demonstrated that the causal
structure implied by an explanation for success explains why some explanations are perceived as hurtful and elicit anger,
shame, and guilt rather than pleasure or pride. Interestingly, the perceived validity of the explanation is of relatively
less importance for the elicitation of hurt feelings and anger than the content of the explanation. Overall, these results
provide further evidence for the importance of attributional information for social emotions in educational settings.
相似文献
Shlomo HareliEmail: |
12.
F. Allan Hanson 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(3):415-424
Recent social theory has departed from methodological individualism’s explanation of action according to the motives and dispositions
of human individuals in favor of explanation in terms of broader agencies consisting of both human and nonhuman elements described
as cyborgs, actor-networks, extended agencies, or distributed cognition. This paper proposes that moral responsibility for
action also be vested in extended agencies. It advances a consequentialist view of responsibility that takes moral responsibility
to be a species of causal responsibility, and it answers objections that might be raised on the basis of intentions and deserts.
相似文献
F. Allan HansonEmail: |
13.
J. L. Dowell 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):19-46
Frank Jackson has argued that only if we have a priori knowledge of the extension-fixers for many of our terms can we vindicate
the methodological practice of relying on intuitions to decide between philosophical theories. While there has been much discussion
of Jackson’s claim that we have such knowledge, there has been comparatively little discussion of this most powerful argument
for that claim. Here I defend an alternative explanation of our intuitions about possible cases, one that does not rely on
a priori extension-fixers. This alternative explanation provides a vindication of our reliance on intuitions, while blocking
Jackson’s abductive argument for a priori semantic knowledge. In brief, I argue that we should regard our armchair intuitions
as providing an important, a priori source of evidence for hypotheses about the contents of our implicit referential policies
with regard to our terms. But all such hypotheses have a potential falsifier that is only discoverable empirically. In other
words, gold-standard evidence for such hypotheses is always empirical.
相似文献
J. L. DowellEmail: |
14.
Quassim Cassam 《Erkenntnis》2009,71(1):3-18
I discuss the claim what makes self-knowledge epistemologically distinctive is the fact that it is baseless or groundless.
I draw a distinction between evidential and explanatory baselessness and argue that self-knowledge is only baseless in the
first of these senses. Since evidential baselessness is a relatively widespread phenomenon the evidential baselessness of
self-knowledge does not make it epistemologically distinctive and does not call for any special explanation. I do not deny
that self-knowledge is epistemologically distinctive. My claim is only that talk of its evidential baselessness is insufficient
to account for its epistemological distinctiveness.
相似文献
Quassim CassamEmail: |
15.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
16.
Simon Roberts-Thomson 《Res Publica》2008,14(2):69-82
The institution of slavery is an unjust institution. The aim of this paper is to provide an explanation of why it is unjust.
I argue that slavery is unjust because it makes it impossible for slaves to realise both their interest in self-respect and
their interest in being at home in the world. Furthermore, I argue that this explanation of the injustice of slavery also
provides us with an argument for political equality.
相似文献
Simon Roberts-ThomsonEmail: |
17.
Imtiaz Moosa 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(2):159-182
In this article (1) I extract from Brentano’s works (three) formal arguments against “genealogical explanations” of ethical
claims. Such explanation can also be designated as “naturalism” (not his appellation); (2) I counter these arguments, by showing
how genealogical explanations of even apodictic moral claims are logically possible (albeit only if certain unlikely, stringent
conditions are met); (3) I show how Nietzsche’s ethics meets these stringent conditions, but evolutionary ethics does not.
My more general thesis is that naturalism and intuitionism in ethics need not be mutually incompatible.
相似文献
Imtiaz MoosaEmail: |
18.
Antony Duff 《Res Publica》2008,14(4):277-281
Richard Dagger (in this issue) provides perhaps the most persuasive version of a ‘fair play’ theory of criminal punishment,
grounded in an attractive liberal republican political theory. But, I argue, his version of the theory still faces serious
objections: that its explanation of why some central mala in se are properly criminalised is still distorting, despite his
appeal to the burdens of ‘general compliance’; and that it cannot adequately explain (as it should explain) the differential
seriousness and wrongfulness of different kinds of crime.
相似文献
Antony DuffEmail: |
19.
K. Brad Wray 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(1):81-89
I argue that van Fraassen’s selectionist explanation for the success of science is superior to the realists’ explanation.
Whereas realists argue that our current theories are successful because they accurately reflect the structure of the world,
the selectionist claims that our current theories are successful because unsuccessful theories have been eliminated. I argue
that, unlike the explanation proposed by the realist, the selectionist explanation can also account for the failures of once successful theories and the fact that sometimes two competing theories are both equally successful.
相似文献
K. Brad WrayEmail: |
20.
Isolating Representations Versus Credible Constructions? Economic Modelling in Theory and Practice 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tarja Knuuttila 《Erkenntnis》2009,70(1):59-80
This paper examines two recent approaches to the nature and functioning of economic models: models as isolating representations
and models as credible constructions. The isolationist view conceives of economic models as surrogate systems that isolate
some of the causal mechanisms or tendencies of their respective target systems, while the constructionist approach treats
them rather like pure constructions or fictional entities that nevertheless license different kinds of inferences. I will
argue that whereas the isolationist view is still tied to the representationalist understanding of models that takes the model-target
dyad as the basic unit of analysis, the constructionist perspective can better accommodate the way we actually acquire knowledge
through them. Using the example of Tobin’s ultra-Keynesian model I will show how many of the epistemic characteristics of
modelling tend to go unrecognised if too much focus is placed on the model-target dyad.
相似文献
Tarja KnuuttilaEmail: |