Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 37 nonpatient/nondelinquent adolescents from the United States

This study is composed of 37 American adolescents, ages 15 to 17 years of age, all from the United States. The principal author was the sole examiner. Inclusion criteria are described. Interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003). The results revealed differences from the published norms on variables that reflect poor form quality, fewer popular responses, more attention to detail, more poor human relationship responses, and a more simplistic, affective-free approach to the environment, among others.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for 100 nonpatient children from the United States in two age groups

Building on our previously published study (Hamel, Shaffer, & Erdberg, 2000), which provided data on 100 nonpatient children aged 6 to 12 from the United States, we here provide reference data for two more homogeneous age subgroups: 6 to 9 (N = 50) and 10 to 12 (N = 50). Inclusion criteria are described, and expanded interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2001) at each age grouping. In addition to the children being administered the Rorschach, their parents were given the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-93 (CPRS-93; Conners, 1989), and these results are presented as well.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 190 Japanese nonpatient children at five ages

This study is a part of our series of studies of nonpatient, Japanese children. In total, 346 children were administered the Rorschach. Thirty-two children had fewer than 10 responses, 112 children had more than 10 but fewer than 14 responses, and 12 children were maladjusted or mentally retarded, for a total of 156. In this study, we analyzed the remaining 190 children not excluded by the above criteria in the following age groups: 5 years (n = 24), 8 years (n = 43), 9 years (n = 42), 12 years (n = 42), and 14 years (n = 39). Japanese children showed few responses generally, with an average of 18 ~ 20 responses. In addition to having fewer responses, other features of Japanese children are high Lambda, low EA, very high X-%, and low X+%. The fact that the Rorschach test depends on verbal expression may be one factor in all these features, and we should consider this study in view of these Japanese cultural factors. Interrater reliability findings and Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1995; Matsumoto, 2003; Matsumoto et al., 2002) data are presented.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 283 adult nonpatients from the United States

This article presents an update on adult nonpatients living in central California previously described by Shaffer, Erdberg, and Haroian (1999). In this study an additional 160 nonpatients were administered the Rorschach for a total sample size of 283. Graduate students enrolled in a 2-year Rorschach research seminar administered the Rorschach (Exner, 1995), WAIS-R (Weschler, 1981), and MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989), and were provided with extensive supervision and ongoing quality control. All protocols were recoded by the first two authors and a psychologist with extensive Rorschach experience. Exclusion criteria are described. Interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS), WAIS-R, and MMPI-2 variables.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 52 older adult nonpatients from the United States

This study is composed of 52 older adults, ages 60 to 80, all from the United States. In addition to being administered the Rorschach (Rorschach, 1942), all participants also were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Weschler, 1981), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989), the Neuro Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE; Kiernan, Mueller, Langston, & Van Dyke, 1987), and the Trail Making Test Part B (Reitan, 1958; Reitan & Wolfson, 1993). Examiners included the principal author as well as three other trained examiners. Inclusion criteria are described. Interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1995).     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 343 adults from Finland

This article combines Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1990, 1993) data from four projects conducted in Finland between 1990 and 1995. The projects studied a stratified random sample of Finnish nonpatients, a cohort of twins, a group of elderly men, and a random sample collected to investigate sleep difficulties. The 343 records from these four studies provide a representative survey of Rorschach responding throughout the Finnish population.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 357 Portuguese children at five ages

Eighteen examiners, well trained in the Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003), administered the Rorschach to 357 Portuguese children, in the first through fifth grades, attending schools located in Lisbon and the surrounding neighborhood. Coding was done by 5 of the examiners, each one having more than 5 years of experience with the CS. For this study, coding was reviewed by the authors. Five records were randomly selected from each age group to assess intercoder reliability. Janson and Olsson's (2004) iota was used to assess reliability of the main variable categories. Results are high, with iota ranging from 0.87 to 0.98 across the coding categories. CS variables are presented and key data were chosen and reviewed. A discussion of some data and their comparison with corresponding American data are made, permitting some interesting developmental and cross-cultural questions to be addressed.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 506 adult nonpatients from Argentina

This study is composed of 506 nonpatient adults, ages 18 to 65, all from Argentina. The data were gathered by five examiners, who tested most of the participants at their work site. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are described and interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with findings for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1994).     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 240 adult nonpatients from Japan

This article presents Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1995) results for 240 adult nonpatients living in the central area of Tokyo, Japan. Inclusion/exclusion criteria are described. Interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for CS variables.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 41 adult nonpatients from Israel

This study presents data concerning Rorschach protocols of 41 Jewish Israeli students. The sample includes 20 males and 21 females, ranging in age from 19 to 35, who were selected from a larger sample of 50 undergraduates by applying psychiatric exclusion criteria. The results concerning the main Rorschach Comprehensive System's (CS; Exner, 2003) measures of distress (D and Adj D scores, S-Constellation, and DEPI) revealed substantial elevation. These results are analyzed in relation to the constant threat of terror, which the participants are exposed to within the context of the ongoing political conflict in the Middle East. The analysis is supported by data concerning a new Rorschach index, the Reality-Fantasy scale (RFS; Tibon, Handelzalts, & Weinberger, 2005), which applies the CS to psychoanalytic conceptualization of transitional space.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 98 adult nonpatients from Greece

Ninety-eight adult nonpatients from Greece were administered the Rorschach according to the Rorschach Comprehensive Systems (CS; Exner, 2003) procedures. These participants were of Greek heritage, were older than 21 years of age, and resided in Greece. Participants were residents of an urban area, Athens, as well as residents of provincial areas including smaller cities and villages. The examiner was a native Greek and of Greek heritage and administered the protocols in Greek. Exclusion criteria are described. Interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for CS variables.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 141 adult nonpatients from Denmark

A sample (n = 141) of Danish nonpatients 25-50 years of age, never hospitalized with a psychiatric diagnosis and currently employed, was demographically representative of two geographical areas of Copenhagen with different social strain. The sample, as well as 45 persons not currently employed, was tested with the Rorschach (Exner, 1995), MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989), Word Association Test (Ivanouw, 1999b), WAIS Comprehension subtest (Hess, 1974), and SCL-90-R (Olsen, Mortenson, & Bech, 2006). Half of the persons contacted volunteered for the study. There was no difference in rate of volunteering between a standard no-feedback condition and a feedback condition; the latter, however, tended to attract more psychologically resourceful persons. The employed persons tended to appear healthier than the not employed. Response style of the subjects, quality of the Rorschach protocols, reliability of scoring, and the effect of the data being grouped on geographical area and examiner were examined. Form level, color, texture, cooperative movement, and EA were lower than in the Comprehensive System (CS; n = 450) sample, but higher than in nine international nonpatient Rorschach studies. Unique for the Danish sample was a low number of animal movement answers. The Rorschach data showed women to be healthier than men. Differences in Rorschach variables based on educational level were small.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 90 adult nonpatients from Argentina

This study is composed of 90 nonpatient adults, ages 16 to 65, all from Buenos Aires and its suburban area. All of the data were gathered by the author. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are described and interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with findings for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003). Results show that several variables yield values that deviated from the nonpatient ranges proposed by Exner, and these findings suggest the need for further exploration.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 233 adult nonpatients from Peru

This study is composed of 233 adult nonpatients, all from Peru. Inclusion/exclusion criteria are described. Interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner & Erdberg, 2005). Considering the results of this investigation, the researcher suggests a line of multicultural research. The differences between the United States and Peru strengthen the psychometric and qualitative value of this line of investigation.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 150 adult nonpatients from Israel

This study is composed of 150 adult nonpatients, all from Israel, who were administered the Rorschach. Inclusion/exclusion criteria are described. Senior graduate students from the clinical psychology program at Bar-Ilan University administered the Rorschach and were provided with extensive supervision and ongoing quality control. Interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented along with scores for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2005).     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 409 adult nonpatients from Brazil

This is a normative study with 409 adult nonpatients living in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The Rorschach was administered by a team of nine psychologists; eight had had further training in the Rorschach method by the Brazilian Rorschach Society and one intensively was prepared by the project coordinator. Of the study participants, 200 lived in the state capital (Sao Paulo) and the other 209 were in other large and small cities in the state, including a coastal city and one in the mountains. Previous psychological or psychiatric treatments were criteria for exclusion. Each protocol was coded independently by two examiners, and then agreement of the two codings was checked. Differences between the two codings were discussed in a meeting of the whole team, which was supervised by the project coordinator to guarantee codification quality control. Upon completion of the codings, an analysis of examiner differences was undertaken, the results of which are in the text. Interrater reliability statistics among examiners were calculated, including percentage of agreement and kappa. Reliability statistics among examiners at the response level are presented as are Comprehensive System (CS; 1999, 2003) findings.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 249 adult nonpatients from Italy

This project provides information on how Italian adult nonpatients perform on the Rorschach test administered and scored following Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) guidelines (Exner, 1995). Lis, Zennaro, Calvo, and Salcuni (2001) reported previously initial data for 101 of the nonpatients who were administered this instrument between July 1998 and February 2001 by graduate and postgraduate students in a 2-year research course at the Psychotherapy School of the University of Padua. The current study extends that previous work and includes information on an additional 148 participants gathered between April 2001 and March 2004, for a total of 249 individuals. Exclusion criteria are described and interrater reliability statistics at the response level for scoring segments are reported using both percent of agreement and iota. Comprehensive System findings are presented.     

Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 111 adult nonpatients from Romania

In this study Rorschach data from a Romanian sample of 111 respondents was collected and analyzed in a first attempt to establish national norms. The protocols were collected in a 5-year period (2002-2006) by the author. Interrater reliability statistics are presented for a sample of 20 cases, along with scores for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 1993). These results can be used for cross-cultural comparisons of the CS.