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1.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
相似文献
Shoji Nagataki (Corresponding author)Email: |
Satoru HiroseEmail: |
2.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
3.
4.
Don Ihde 《Human Studies》2008,31(1):1-9
This introduction to the special issue of Human Studies on postphenomenology outlines specific developments which have led to this style of phenomenology. Postphenomenology adapts
aspects of pragmatism, including its anti-Cartesian program against early modern subject/object epistemology. Postphenomenology
retains and emphasizes the use of phenomenological variations as an analytic tool, and in practice postphenomenology takes
what is commonly now called “an empirical turn,” which deeply analyzes case studies or concrete issues under its purview.
相似文献
Don IhdeEmail: |
5.
James Harold 《Philosophia》2007,35(2):145-159
The topic of this essay is how non-realistic novels challenge our philosophical understanding of the moral significance of
literature. I consider just one case: Joseph Heller’s Catch-22. I argue that standard philosophical views, based as they are on realistic models of literature, fail to capture the moral
significance of this work. I show that Catch-22 succeeds morally because of the ways it resists using standard realistic techniques, and suggest that philosophical discussion
of ethics and literature must be pluralistic if it is to include all morally salient literature, and not just novels in the
“Great Tradition” and their ilk.
相似文献
James HaroldEmail: |
6.
Stacy Lee Burns 《Human Studies》2008,31(2):107-131
This paper explores how scientific knowledge is used in a criminal case. I examine materials from an admissibility hearing
in a murder trial and discuss the dynamics of contesting expert scientific opinion and evidence. The research finds that a
purported form of “science” in the relevant scientific community is filtered through, tested by, and subjected to legal standards, conceptions, and procedures for determining admissibility. The paper details how the opposing lawyers, the expert
witness, and the judge vie to contingently work out what will count in court as appropriate scientific authority, methods
and evidence, and as a scientifically valid and legally admissible account of “reasonable fear.” When science becomes enmeshed
in legal controversies, science does not trump law. Rather, it is the court’s canons of proper procedure and measures of substantive
adequacy that take precedence.
相似文献
Stacy Lee BurnsEmail: |
7.
Ira Newman 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):43-54
Philosophers have often applied a distinctively epistemic framework to the question of how moral knowledge can be derived
from fictional literature, by considering how true propositions, or their argumentative support, can be the cognitive fruits
of reading works of fiction. I offer an alternative approach. I focus not on whether readers fail to assent to the truth of
a proposition or fail to provide it rational support. Instead, I focus on how readers fail to accord a truth (which they already
accept) adequate importance in their web of beliefs about living a good human life. This is a form of ignorance, but in the
form of neglect, or failure to pay proper regard – which is one sense of the term ‘forgetfulness’. I argue that works of fictional
literature may, at times, stimulate audience members to overcome their own particular forms of forgetfulness in this respect.
And I use Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich as a case in point.
相似文献
Ira NewmanEmail: |
8.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
9.
David Morris 《Human Studies》2008,31(4):399-421
This article studies the phenomenology of chronic illness in light of phenomenology’s insights into ecstatic temporality and
freedom. It shows how a chronic illness can, in lived experience, manifest itself as a disturbance of our usual relation to
ecstatic temporality and thence as a disturbance of freedom. This suggests that ecstatic temporality is related to another
sort of time—“provisional time”—that is in turn rooted in the body. The article draws on Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception and Heidegger’s Being and Time, shedding light on the latter’s concept of ecstatic temporality. It also discusses implications for self-management of chronic
illness, especially in children.
相似文献
David MorrisEmail: |
10.
Ruth Amossy 《Argumentation》2009,23(3):313-324
This paper aims at showing how the New Rhetoric’s insights allow for an integration of argumentation studies in linguistic
investigation, and more specifically in discourse analysis. Claiming that argumentativity is a constitutive feature of discourse,
it endeavors to explore logos as both reason and language by analyzing patterns of reasoning in their discursive actualization. In this approach, the attempt
at influencing the audience’s representations is analyzed in the complexity of a discourse explored in its formal and socio-institutional
dimensions.
相似文献
Ruth AmossyEmail: URL: http://www.tau.ac.il/~adarr |
11.
Maxine Haire 《Sophia》2007,46(3):305-311
Robert Preece’s The Psychology of Buddhist Tantra and Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche’s Everyday Consciousness and Primordial Awareness are reviewed. Both books address Tibetan Buddhism, and their common threads underscore this discussion. Even when separated
from their original contexts, the Tibetan Buddhist teachings offer understandings about a common human nature and a method
of transforming consciousness through awareness.
相似文献
Maxine HaireEmail: |
12.
This Husserlian transcendental-phenomenological investigation of interkinaesthetic affectivity first clarifies the sense of
affectivity that is at stake here, then shows how Husserl’s distinctive approach to kinaesthetic experience provides evidential
access to the interkinaesthetic field. After describing several structures of interkinaesthetic-affective experience, I indicate
how a Husserlian critique of the presupposition that we are “psychophysical” entities might suggest a more inclusive approach
to a biosocial plenum that includes all metabolic life.
相似文献
Elizabeth A. BehnkeEmail: |
13.
Chris R. Schlauch 《Pastoral Psychology》2006,55(1):61-80
This essay considers how we “create meaning” in the interplay of “felt sense” and “symbols,” and examines the direct and immediate interplay between some common everyday experiences and a series of concepts from psychoanalytic perspectives to reveal how this interplay has affinities with religion. Psychoanalysis and religion are overlapping projects. Psychoanalytic symbolizing of experience facilitates our knowing features of religion not previously known, as well as knowing features previously known, in new ways.
相似文献
Chris R. SchlauchEmail: |
14.
Mark Cohan 《Sexuality & culture》2009,13(3):152-177
This research draws on in-depth, one-on-one interviews with a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 17 adolescent males,
both virgins and non-virgins, to explore how they use talk to construct their sexual selves and present themselves as sexual
decision-makers. The emphasis here is how some of the boys (n = 8) drew upon a particular discourse in their self-productions and implicated male peer groups in that production. I introduce
the concept of the male fraternity and show how its particular qualities mediate boys’ sense of masculinity and belonging, as well as their understanding of
females as sex partners. Attention is also paid to how the group context generates social control features that limit individual
resistance to collective understandings about gender and sexuality. The findings require corroboration but suggest important
ways in which adolescent talk and male peer groups are implicated in the production of male sexuality and the denial of female
subjectivity.
相似文献
Mark CohanEmail: |
15.
Nick Tosh 《Philosophia》2008,36(4):465-482
Historians must be sensitive to the alienness of the past. Insofar as they are concerned with their actors’ reasoning, they
must (through open-minded empirical investigation) find out how their actors thought, and not assume that they thought like us. This is familiar historiographical advice, but pushed
too far it can be brought to conflict with rather weak assumptions about what historians must presuppose if they are to interpret
their actors at all. The present paper sketches those assumptions, and argues that the influential ‘Strong Program’ in the
Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) falls foul of them. We do not argue from the correctness of the assumptions to the
falsity of SSK. Rather, we note the incompatibility, and then show how SSK theorists’ tendency to take interpretation for granted blinds them—and perhaps their readers—to the existence of the conflict.
相似文献
Nick ToshEmail: |
16.
Congruence Between Implicit and Explicit Motives and Emotional Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Activity Inhibition 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thomas A. Langens 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(1):49-59
The current research tested the hypothesis that activity inhibition–conceptualized as the degree of restraint an individual
exercises over emotional and motivational impulses–moderates the association between congruence of implicit and explicit motives
and emotional well-being. Congruence of implicit and explicit motives was expected to be related to a more positive well-being
among individuals low in activity inhibition, but not among individuals high in activity inhibition. Two cross-sectional studies
(Study 1: N=72; Study 2: N=147) were conducted to test this hypothesis. Both studies found the predicted pattern of results for achievement motivation,
demonstrating that congruence of implicit and explicit achievement motivation was related to a more positive mood only for
participants low in activity inhibition. There was no evidence of congruence effects for affiliation motivation.
相似文献
Thomas A. LangensEmail: |
17.
Patrick Hutchings 《Sophia》2007,46(1):79-89
A review of Peter Steele’s Plenty, a book in which each poem is faced by a colour plate of the painting or object which sparked it off. Hollander’s ecphrasis
and Krieger’s ekphrasis are held in – possibly unresolvable – dialectic by Steele’s poems. The only resolution which one can
find is one of wit rather than of philosophy.
相似文献
Patrick HutchingsEmail: |
18.
Stacy Lee Burns 《Human Studies》2009,32(2):109-131
This paper examines the intersection of technical law and common sense reasoning in small claims arbitration, a distinctive
and increasingly prevalent kind of legal work. Following (Garfinkel, Ethnomethodology’s program: Working out Durkheim’s aphorism, 2002), the study explores the “reform of technical reason” and what a “just outcome” means by focusing on the arbitration of actual
small claims cases and how technical-legal and non-technical/informal resources are brought into alignment to produce dispute
resolution. The arbitrator elicits discussions that establish consensual and commonplace formulations of “the case,” formulations
that foreshadow its disposition as technical matters of law. The research demonstrates how formal structures of equity, evenhandedness,
and decisions without bias have their production in vivo, and how a just and fair course becomes a “just outcome.”
相似文献
Stacy Lee BurnsEmail: |
19.
Giolo Fele 《Human Studies》2008,31(3):299-322
The aim of my paper is twofold. First, I show how the notion of phenomenal field can be used to examine, describe and understand
particular collective patterns pertaining to the everyday domain of our common social experience. Secondly, I outline the
role of the notion of “phenomenal field” in ethnomethodology. I briefly discuss Gurwitsch’s notion of functional meaning. After presenting the argument, I show “the locally achieved ordinariness of a common task”, that is the lining up of the
player of the two teams in the pitch, as an embodied coherence of figural contexture in its empirical perceptual details, as Garfinkel says.
相似文献
Giolo FeleEmail: |
20.
Stephen Hetherington 《Philosophia》2006,34(3):303-310
It is not unusual for epistemologists to argue that ordinary epistemic practice is a setting within which (infallibilist) scepticism will not arise. Such scepticism is deemed to be an alien invader, impugning such epistemic practice entirely from without. But this paper argues that the suggested sort of analysis overstates the extent to which ordinary epistemic practice is antipathetic to some vital aspects of such sceptical thinking. The paper describes how a gradualist analysis of knowledge can do more justice to what sceptics seek to achieve – while also showing how sceptical thinking can even be part of (and is able to have some muted epistemic impact within) ordinary epistemic practice.
相似文献
Stephen HetheringtonEmail: |