OTR Burnout

When job stress beconies chronic, it can result in the syndrome of burnout. This is characterized by feelings of reduced personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalizing attitudes towards patients and colleagues. This pilot study explored burnout in a sample of hospital-based registcrcd occupational therapists employed in Virginia. Scores from 129 OTRs on the Maslach Burnout lnventory and a demographic data sheet were analyzed. Burnout scores were compared for OTRs working in physical disabilities, mental health, and developmental disabilitics. Also, the subjects were compared bascd on time spent in direct patient scrvice. The sample rcported moderate levels of burnout. The only statistically significant finding was that the OTRs who spent the least time with patients reported more depersonalization (intensity only) than their peers. Thc results did not replicate those from a previous report that psychiatric occupational therapists arc experiencing more burnout than other occupational therapists. Much further research appears to bc needed on the topic.     

倦怠、应激和抑郁

倦怠是“在以人为服务对象的职业领域中,个体的一种情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就感降低的症状”。在倦怠研究的文献中,存在着严重的倦怠、应激和抑郁的概念混淆现象。文章对工作倦怠、工作应激和抑郁的联系与区别进行了详细阐述,并指明了未来的研究方向,具有重要的理论意义。     

工作倦怠及其测量

在心理学的研究文献中,工作倦怠(Job burnout)一词最早出现于20世纪70年代,用以描述工作中的个体所体验到的一组负性症状,如长期的情感耗竭、身体疲劳、工作卷入降低,对待服务对象不人道的态度和降低的工作成就感等。在过去的30年里,有关工作倦怠的研究迅速发展,已经成为工作与组织心理学和职业健康心理学的一个重要研究领域。     

Leisure Counseling and Consultation

Leisure counseling and consultation is a fairly new counseling specialty that is emerging from the field of recreation and volunteer placement while borrowing heavily from vocational counseling models and techniques. After presenting a brief history of the development of the field, the authors describe a working model of one approach to leisure counseling. The article concludes with a prediction that the field will move from its present focus on leisure alone to an integration of leisure with vocational counseling and planning.     

Youth Counselor Burnout

Counselors of unruly, runaway, truant, or delinquent children and their families run the risk of emotional overexposure– “burnout” as a result of intense client needs and problems. Survival on the job requires taking steps to avoid internalizing caseload pressures. These steps include: helping-not replacing-parents, keeping meetings brief, responding to emergencies selectively, taking simple steps first, using humor, taking care of oneself, expecting complications, avoiding panic, and knowing when to withdraw.     

Burnout and work engagement among teachers

The Job Demands–Resources Model was used as the basis of the proposal that there are two parallel processes involved in work-related well-being among teachers, namely an energetical process (i.e., job demands → burnout → ill health) and a motivational process (i.e., job resources → engagement → organizational commitment). In addition, some cross-links between both processes were hypothesized. Structural equation modeling was used to simultaneously test the hypotheses in a sample of Finnish teachers (N = 2038). The results confirmed the existence of both processes, although the energetical process seems to be more prominent. More specifically, (1) burnout mediated the effect of high job demands on ill health, (2) work engagement mediated the effects of job resources on organizational commitment, and (3) burnout mediated the effects of lacking resources on poor engagement. The robustness of these findings is underscored by the fact that they were obtained in one half of the sample (using random selection) and cross-validated in the other half.     

Activity Patterns and Leisure Concepts

Occupational therapy has operated with the philosophy that activities can affect the gratification of mans' basic needs and can serve as agents for learning and growth. The focus on human performance should not only be on the engagement in tasks, but should also extend to the temporal dimensions of human adaptation. This research presents a comparison of the activity patterns and leisure concepts of day and night shift workers within the framework of temporal adaptation. The survey data was obtained from a sample of production line employees in a small manufacturing firm. Results showed that there were real differences in activity patterns and concepts of leisure between day and night shift workers. Night shift work tended to affect temporal adaptation.     

Burnout in School Psychology

This study examined levels of bumout and relationships between burnout and selected personality characteristics and role expectations in a sample of school psychologists employed as practitioners in school settings. The results indicated that personality variables related significantly to burnout over and above demographic and work condition variables. Higher levels of burnout were associated with tendencies to be high in competitiveness and egocentricity and low in conscientiousness and extraversion. Professionals who reported higher levels of burnout indicated greater dissatisfaction with their professional roles, preferring to devote more time to consultation and counseling activities. The implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Measuring Salesperson Burnout: A Reduced Maslach Burnout Inventory for Sales Researchers

Given the negative effect that burnout has on the sales force, such as increased turnover intentions and decreased performance, measurement improvements on this multidimensional construct can have implications regarding how to manage the drivers and outcomes of burnout. However, little is known about the impact of the multiple burnout dimensions in sales contexts because researchers typically opt to collect data using the emotional exhaustion subscale instead of the complete Maslach burnout inventory, which also includes personal accomplishment and depersonalization facets. Using business-to-business and retail salespeople, this study reduces the 22-item burnout scale to 10 items in order to facilitate salesperson burnout research.     

Burnout among Dutch psychotherapists

The development of a Dutch adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory is described. Preliminary results on burnout for 98 Dutch psychotherapists indicate that (on the average) young therapists and therapists who are employed in regional mental health services are more prone to burnout.     

Fallbeispiele zum Thema Burnout

Burnout is a process, in which dysfunctional interactions between a person and external stresses (professional, nonprofessional) play a central role in its development. It is accompanied by emotional and physical exhaustion, decreased productivity, and a negative attitude toward work, other stress factors, and people associated with work. Depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, other psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, and physical and cognitive disorders are often observed as part of burnout. Differentiation from other (in particular psychiatric) diseases is mainly possible based on a history of a lengthy (months, years) process of development associated with external stress factors. This differentiation is essential to determine an appropriate, multiprofessional approach, in which drug treatment, psychotherapy, coaching, lifestyle modification, and methods of stress reduction are available and should be used in a coordinated manner.     

Burnout in Spanish physiotherapists

Diverse works on health sciences emphasise the importance of burnout in specific jobs. However, there is a lack of research about the presence of this syndrome in Spanish physiotherapists. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of burnout among physiotherapists and the relationship with work-related factors. 462 questionnaires were sent to health-centres. The questionnaire of work-related factors was administered, as well as the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI). 258 responses were received (55.8% response rate) from Murcia and Valencia. Regarding results 10 (4%) physiotherapists showed severe burnout. In relation to work-related factors, significant differences were observed. Although the percentage of physiotherapists with severe burnout was relatively low, it is important take into account that the syndrome requires the combined presence of three dimensions, which implies a very relevant situation of mental deterioration.     

Burnout in Christian Perspective

Mindfulness and Christian spirituality are useful tools in preventing and coping with burnout and compassion fatigue. Christian human services workers who engage in these practices are able to stave off burnout and actually be revitalized in their work because mindfulness and Christian spirituality are tied to managing loss of personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization. For Christians, a better way to conceptualize burnout and compassion fatigue is to consider them within the categories of calling, apathy, and indifference. In this way, preventing and coping with burnout becomes a project of spiritual revitalization—reconnecting with the empowering, living spirit of God. The practices of the Jesus Prayer, the daily examen, and the prayer of consideration are useful tools for accomplishing this.     

Teacher Burnout in Hong Kong and Germany: A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory

Teacher burnout is a world-wide phenomenon that draws the attention of educational psychologists and stimulates efforts in construct elaboration and measurement. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (cynicism), and lack of personal accomplishments are three dimensions that constitute the burnout syndrome. Levels of this burnout syndrome were compared among 542 German and Chinese teachers. It turned out that there were only minor differences between the Germans and the Chinese, but major differences between those two groups and the U.S. American normative data. Moreover, stress resource factors were measured, namely perceived self-efficacy and proactive attitude. Their negative intercorrelations with burnout supported the validity of the burnout measure, although the associations were much closer in the German subsample. An attempt to replicate the American three-factorial structure of the burnout construct failed in both subsamples, which is in line with previous evidence and calls for a revision of the original measure.     

Self-Nurturance Through Leisure

No abstract available for this article.