Variations on the Ramsey test: More triviality results

The purpose of this note is to formulate some weaker versions of the so called Ramsey test that do not entail the following unacceptable consequenceIf A and C are already accepted in K, then if A, then C is also accepted in K. and to show that these versions still lead to the same triviality result when combined with a preservation criterion.     

Wilson on Circular Arguments

This paper criticizes Kent Wilson's (`Circular Arguments', 1988) arguments against the analysis of the fallacy of begging the question in epistemic terms and against the division of the fallacy into equivalence and dependency types. It is argued that Wilson does not succeed in showing that the epistemic attitude to the fallacy analysis should be given up. Further, it is argued that Wilson's arguments against the division of the fallacy into two types can be overcome by altering the accounts he criticizes (David Sanford (1971, 1984, 1988) and John Biro (1977, 1984)): fallacy analysis should concentrate on externalized arguments, but this does not mean that either the epistemic attitude or the dependency conception should be given up.     

On the Wilson tests

A general critical analysis of the median tests proposed by Wilson for certain analysis of variance hypotheses is presented. Specifically, discrepancies between the purported and actual approximate distributions of some of the test statistics are noted. Validity and power of the resulting tests are discussed.This work was sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research while the author was at Stanford University. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. The author wishes to thank Professors Fred C. Andrews, Lincoln E. Moses, and David L. Wallace for their helpful criticisms and suggestions in the writing of this paper.     

More on the annual

Pastoral Psychology -     

Acquiescence and the Wilson conservatism scale

Data contributed by six different researchers in Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and England were assembled from seven different administrations of the Wilson Conservatism scale. The correlation between the positive and negative halves of the scale was found to be generally around -0.5. It was concluded that although the C-scale is seriously affected by acquiescent response set, the balanced structure of the scale controls for this quite satisfactorily.     

再论思维的可训练性

本文从思维的可逆性、思维过程的操作化和思维训练的实践效果等方面论证了思维的可训练性,提出了将思维的可逆性与思维的认知过程相结合而产生的可逆性思维过程理论。该理论认为,可逆性是思维的本质属性,思维过程因其可逆性而具有可训练性,思维训练本质上是在训练思维的可逆性。实践表明,可逆性思维过程可操作化为各种具体的思维训练项目,进而可编制适合普通儿童、学习困难儿童、轻度智力落后儿童等各类儿童的实用思维训练教程,运用这些教程开展的思维训练能够有效地促进各类儿童的智力（思维）发展。     

对从众行为的再认识

本文突破传统的关于从众行为是由于真实的或想象的群体压力而导致行为或态度的变化的观点。认为(1)情境的模糊性和他人确定行为或态度的明确性是从众行为发生的直接外部原因;(2)从众行为是主动的、有目的的．而不是被动的、盲目的;(3)从众与顺从、服从有本质的区别。