An integrated model of meaning and sense activation and disambiguation.

A simulation of meaning and sense selection is presented. In the model, distributed representations are used for both unrelated meanings and related meaning senses; however, related meaning senses are assumed to be correlated. Related meaning senses are assumed to be learned associatively in similarly correlated contexts. Our model is sufficient to account for the contrasting results obtained in priming paradigms by Whitney, McKay, Kellas, and Emerson (1985) and Tabossi (1988).     

Resurgence of integrated behavioral units

Two experiments with rats examined the dynamics of well-learned response sequences when reinforcement contingencies were changed. Both experiments contained four phases, each of which reinforced a 2-response sequence of lever presses until responding was stable. The contingencies then were shifted to a new reinforced sequence until responding was again stable. Extinction-induced resurgence of previously reinforced, and then extinguished, heterogeneous response sequences was observed in all subjects in both experiments. These sequences were demonstrated to be integrated behavioral units, controlled by processes acting at the level of the entire sequence. Response-level processes were also simultaneously operative. Errors in sequence production were strongly influenced by the terminal, not the initial, response in the currently reinforced sequence, but not by the previously reinforced sequence. These studies demonstrate that sequence-level and response-level processes can operate simultaneously in integrated behavioral units. Resurgence and the development of integrated behavioral units may be dissociated; thus the observation of one does not necessarily imply the other.     

Building an integrated positive psychology

The recent emphasis on positive psychology is welcome, and has spurred much relevant research. But, there are still many unresolved conceptual and research issues, which seem to be increasing rather than decreasing. This highlights the importance of conceptually more detailed and comprehensive approaches, so that development of the field can be hastened by addressing emerging issues definitively. The present paper outlines a potentially useful conceptual approach. The paper concludes with a call for issue-resolving research through which orientations and actions proposed as part of positive psychology can be compared in their contributions to performance and health.     

The Case for integrated intelligence

In this article I develop a case for a theory of intelligence incorporating transpersonal dimensions, namely integrated intelligence. Some recent expanded theories of intelligence move into concepts like creativity, wisdom, and emotional intelligence. Yet they remain embedded within mainstream intelligence theory and its reductionist and materialist presuppositions. Although various theorists in consciousness theory have developed transpersonal models that are beginning to be discussed in some mainstream circles, mainstream intelligence theory is yet to address the broader implications of this. Recent changes in the global economy and the needs of populations have created a need for an expanded theory of intelligence, and more intuitive thinking.     

An integrated circuit shock scrambler

The construction of an inexpensive shock scrambler is described. The device uses integrated circuitry to drive switching transistors which, in turn, operate mercury relays. These relays are used to switch high voltage to the shock grids in a standard experimental chamber. The frequency at which shock can be scrambled across the grids can be varied.     

A low-cost integrated circuit comparator system

This paper describes a circuit that allows multiple-unit neural activity to be converted to standardized pulses for computer data acquisition. Positive or negative spikes can be converted at any voltage level from positive 25 V to. negative 25 V with visual identification of exactly where on the amplified spike potential conversion occurs. This circuit provides active output voltages compatible with TTL logic.     

An integrated theory of the mind

Adaptive control of thought-rational (ACT-R; J. R. Anderson & C. Lebiere, 1998) has evolved into a theory that consists of multiple modules but also explains how these modules are integrated to produce coherent cognition. The perceptual-motor modules, the goal module, and the declarative memory module are presented as examples of specialized systems in ACT-R. These modules are associated with distinct cortical regions. These modules place chunks in buffers where they can be detected by a production system that responds to patterns of information in the buffers. At any point in time, a single production rule is selected to respond to the current pattern. Subsymbolic processes serve to guide the selection of rules to fire as well as the internal operations of some modules. Much of learning involves tuning of these subsymbolic processes. A number of simple and complex empirical examples are described to illustrate how these modules function singly and in concert.     

An inexpensive integrated circuit intracranial stimulator

An intracranial stimulation unit which offers precise control of stimulus duration, frequency, and current is described. The unit generates a square wave stimulus output utilizing very inexpensive, easily constructed integrated circuitry.     

Survey of integrated statistical computer packages

The statistical features and general characteristics of seven integrated packages were surveyed. SPSS, DATA-TEXT, and OSIRIS emerged as the most comprehensive. OSIRIS in particular offered the most extensive multivariate analysis capabilities. The only category of statistical analysis neglected in all of the packages was nonparametric procedures related to ordinal data. Information on availability and user’s manuals is provided.     

An integrated circuit photocell detector and sequencer

A simple, inexpensive, and reliable apparatus for photocell detection and amplification is described. The sensitivity, voltage and current amplification, and speed of this apparatus, make it well suited to application in latency measurement in animal mazes. The apparatus can be used in any sort of application where a resistive type of transducer is needed to trigger some other event at higher voltage and current levels than can be done directly by the transducer alone.     

Bound context features are integrated at encoding

In the present research, we tested the predictions of different accounts of context binding in "remember" judgements. Context binding, defined as the stochastically dependent retrieval of two different context features, has previously been suggested to be due to mechanisms operating at retrieval either by cueing among context features (Meiser & Br?der, 2002) or by cueing between item and context features (Starns & Hicks, 2008). These accounts, however, do not make specific assumptions regarding the underlying memory representation supporting context binding. By contrast, here we propose that a binding process at encoding integrates item and context information into a coherent memory representation. Varying the presentation of the context features during encoding either with both context features presented simultaneously or with features spread over two encoding episodes, data from two experiments corroborate the notion that binding is produced at encoding. This result suggests that a binding process integrating the context features at encoding is necessary for stochastically dependent retrieval of context features.     

Simple rotary motion is integrated across fixations

Participants were shown a line rotating at a constant angular velocity and were asked to judge whether motion was continuous or whether the line jumped (i.e., moved either forward or backward in the rotary cycle). In two experiments, the participants were significantly better than chance in detecting these jumps in simple rotary motion even when the jumps occurred during a saccade. Moreover, in Experiment 2, when the jump occurred during a saccade followed by a masking flash, perception of the jump was at least as good as when it occurred during a fixation followed by a masking flash. These results complement and extend the findings of Verfaillie and co-workers, who found that perceptions of some changes in biological motion were as good across fixations as when they occurred during a fixation. These findings are in contrast to the common finding, in the reading literature, that people are consciously "blind" to many changes in the text and to those, in the scene perception literature, in which detection of static changes across fixations is above chance but plausibly well below the level that would be expected if the change occurred during a fixation.     

A New integrated Battery of Psychological Surveys

The Campbell Development Surveys? constitutes an integrated battery of five surveys covering organizational satisfaction, leadership characteristics, interests and skills, team morale, and community life. All of the surveys have a common set of features: identical item formats (although different contents), homogeneous scoring scales, standard T scores, procedural checks, and similar profile reports. Each survey is described; the normative process is reported, and illustrative data for a variety of samples are presented. Comments are made on the survey development process, and applications of these surveys are discussed.     

The Capgras delusion: an integrated approach

Delusions are studied in two philosophical traditions: the continental or phenomenological tradition and the Anglo-American or analytic tradition. Each has its own view of delusions. Broadly stated, phenomenologists view delusions as a disturbed experience whilst most analytic researchers view them as beliefs. It is my contention that the most plausible account of delusions must ultimately incorporate valuable insights from both traditions. To illustrate the potential value of integration I provide a novel model of the Capgras delusion which describes how an analytic, cognitive neuropsychological two-factor account of the Capgras delusion and the phenomenological view of delusions might be integrated.