四川南朝弥勒信仰与弥勒造像

四川地区的弥勒信仰始于东晋中期,受到西凉和襄阳佛教的影响.随着弥勒信仰的盛行,四川出现了雕刻精美、题材丰富的弥勒造像碑.这些造像受南朝“秀骨清像”风格的影响,题材反映出当时弥勒佛和阿弥陀佛共存的情况.由造像题记则可以看出齐梁之际从弥勒下生信仰到上生信仰的转变.     

西安博物院藏弥勒造像的艺术表现形式

正弥勒信仰伴随着佛教的传入即已始之,无论是上升兜率天的弥勒菩萨,还是下生阎浮地的弥勒佛,或是笑口常开的大肚弥勒,都广受崇奉。在中国,随着弥勒经典的不断译出和广泛传播,弥勒信仰在上层社会乃至民间迅速流传开来,成为先于阿弥陀佛和观世音菩萨的信奉对象[1]。在我国公元460     

道安佛学思想及其弥勒净土信仰

道安作为中土早期佛教的一代宗师,于佛教戒定慧三学均有卓越之发明,思想宏富深厚.文章分疏、论析了道安有关戒定慧三学的理趣要旨,阐释了其由早期禅观向般若学转变的理论进路及其弥勒净土信仰之衷曲,力图突显其佛学思想及信仰之于早期中土佛理建设的胜义.     

东晋出家士族考

本文提出划分士庶的五条标准,从活跃在东晋时期的高僧中分辨出15名僧人具有士族身份。考证的结论是:两晋时代士族出家的现象绝大多数发生在北方士族群体之中;士族出家是在八王之乱(290)之后,两晋之交以及东晋时期在中国首次出现了士族出家的小高潮,绝大多数士族出家都是出于个人的人生信仰,属于认识问题;就北方出家士族南迁的时间来看,主要分二个阶段:一是永嘉至成帝咸康年间(307-342),二是晋哀帝兴宁年(363)以后。前者迁入地集中在建康和会稽,后者迁入地集中在襄阳和庐山。关于师门问题,东晋时代,佛学研究和僧团生活十分自由,师门并没有在佛教中起作用,距宗派性的产生还差得很远。也就是说,佛教戒律及其约束精神也由此规范着中国人的行为与观念。     

从明初庐山佛教信仰嬗变看国家宗教政策取向

宗教与政治有着密切的现实关联。明初扶持正统宗教与镇压白莲教等民间秘密宗教的政策使庐山传统佛教信仰中心——东林寺由修复走向没落。而帝王在庐山的神灵塑造活动使天池寺骤然兴起,地方信仰在此基础上得到重构。明中后期,庐山天池寺的国家祭祀活动逐渐泛化为普遍的民间信仰,天池寺成为新的地方佛教信仰中心。这一个案说明明初宗教依附于政治,神权从属于皇权的政教关系得到进一步深化。在国家强化宗教控制的过程中,庐山佛教信仰中心的空间转换与信仰重构使地方信仰成功纳入新兴王朝规制之中,国家由此实现了对宗教及地方社会的有力控制。     

古代泽州的弥勒信仰CSSCISSCI

古代泽州的弥勒信仰源远流长,以青莲寺为中心,主要表现为弥勒上生信仰,是泽州佛教僧众净土信仰的主流。而其最流行时期主要在中唐和金代,其流传与唯识学在泽州的弘传关系密切,唐代的弥勒信仰还受到法华信仰的影响。弥陀净土信仰则主要在俗家信众中传播,以青莲寺和松岭寺来看,金明昌、泰和以后方始流传。     

庐山东林寺隆重举行大佛建造开工庆典暨阿弥陀佛圣诞报恩法会

本刊讯2004年12月28日,江西庐山东林寺佛旗招展,人头攒动,48米高的铜铸阿弥陀佛圣像建造开工庆典暨阿弥陀佛圣诞报恩法会在这里隆重举行。中国佛教协会会长一诚长老,香港大屿山宝莲禅寺方丈圣一长老,江西省政协主席钟起煌、省民族宗教事务局副局长张国培,九江市委副书记林兴富、副市长卢天锡等各级领导莅会祝贺。庐山东林寺住持传印法师及诸山长老、社会各界知名人士、佛教四众弟子近万人参加了庆典活动。庐山东林寺48米高铜铸阿弥陀佛接引圣像,象征阿弥陀佛四十八愿,是已故方丈果一法师生前发愿兴建的,已经国家宗教事务局正式批准建造。据…     

文殊信仰发展的主脉——从印度佛教到中国佛教北大核心CSSCI

从佛弟子到被奉为诸佛之师,从代表般若智慧到代表整体佛教智慧,是印度佛教中文殊信仰发展的两条主脉。从争论文殊与普贤排名到提出"三圣圆融"学说,从确立五台山为文殊根本道场到建成佛教朝拜、修行、研究和弘法圣地,是文殊信仰中国化发展的两条主脉。特例性质的文殊信仰在中印佛教中均具有牵一发而动全身之势,是中印佛教文化交流互鉴的重要成果。     

文殊信仰的兴起和流布

佛教信仰的主要标帜是制作、礼拜佛塔和佛菩萨像。公元前3世纪阿育王时，印度出现了桑奇大塔等佛教艺术品；公元1世纪顷犍陀罗始作佛菩萨像；公元2—3世纪时马图拉制作的佛菩萨像运往印度各佛教圣地；公元4世纪之后犍陀罗、秣菟罗等地相继出现了文殊塔和文殊像，文殊信仰遍及了印度各地，     

从天上到人间:敦煌艺术中的弥勒信仰

正在敦煌石窟艺术中,关于弥勒信仰的造像和壁画很多。仅就经变画而言,便保存有《弥勒经变》多达98幅,同时还有大量的弥勒菩萨或弥勒佛塑像。这些壁画和造像,反映了自北朝至唐、五代、宋时期敦煌地区的弥勒信仰情况。一约在公元二、三世纪,印度和中亚地区已出现弥勒菩萨和弥勒佛的造像。随着佛教东渐,弥勒造像传入中国,到四、五世纪,弥勒造像十分盛行。敦煌地处丝路咽喉,佛教传入首当其冲,弥勒造像自然滞形于此,在北凉、北魏、北周等洞窟中所塑甚多。这与北朝盛行坐禅、求弥勒决疑的风尚有很大关系。     

Omnipotence in the transference and in the countertransference

The concept of omnipotence refers to a primitive fantasy, a mechanism of defense, and a pathological psychic structure. Omnipotence and its derivative defensive operation, omnipotent control, are highly prevalent in borderline personality organization. Three clinical vignettes illustrate these mechanisms in the treatment of patients with borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive personality disorders, respectively. These vignettes illustrate the transference developments when omnipotence and omnipotence control are dominant, and the therapeutic approach to these conditions.     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

Information in the Universe and in the Organism

There is a branch of modern medicine that relies on information rather than on biochemical substances to maintain health and cure disease. Known as information medicine, it offers an important complement to the dominant biochemical approach of mainstream medicine. This note offers a few reflections on the potentials of information medicine in reference to what is currently known regarding the role of information in the universe, and in the living organism.     

Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or "fractal scaling", during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

Disequilibrium in the mind,disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or “fractal scaling”, during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

明代伏牛山佛教派系考

历史上对伏牛山地区的佛教记载较散,资料较详的是在明代。当时来山修行的僧人很多,但是到现在为止还没有人对伏牛山的佛教进行过研究,笔者根据掌握的禅宗史料提出这时伏牛山佛教已经有了明显的禅宗派系特征,在这里传教修行的僧人,主要是元代禅宗断桥伦一支的浙江天目山高峰原妙及其弟子中峰明本一系,其中受四川禅宗无际明悟禅师一派的影响很大,早期来山的僧人大多数都是无际明悟的弟子与后人,可以说成立了无际伏牛山禅派一系。     

孕育中的旅游伦理学--近年来西方国家旅游伦理研究述评

旅行和旅游是一项历史悠久的人类活动,旅游活动中的伦理问题的存在也和旅游发展的历史一样久远.二战以后,"大众旅游"经过半个多世纪的高速发展,对自然环境和社会文化的负面影响已经凸显出来,因此,旅游研究便开始关注旅游发展伦理问题;与此同时,应用伦理学研究也开始从不同的角度关注旅游发展这一新领域.