How We Hurt The Ones We Love

Paradoxically, the practical necessity of love seems to combine the personal character of psychological necessity with the inescapable and authoritative quality of moral necessity. Traditionally, philosophers have avoided this paradox by treating love as an amalgam of impersonal evaluative judgments and affective responses. On my account, love participates in a different form of practical necessity, one characterized by a non‐moral yet normative type of expectation. This expectation is best understood as a kind of second‐personal address that does not support derivative third‐personal demands. It is revealed when we react with hurt feelings instead of resentment upon its disappointment.     

The Forgotten Ones: Siblings of Substance Abusers

Although factors shaping sibling relationships and the developmental dynamics of such consanguinity have been addressed by various scholars, investigations questioning how the risky behaviors of one sibling, specifically substance abuse, may impact brothers versus sisters are few. The current study explored non–substance-abusing siblings’ reports of their mood, attitudes, feelings of social support, and emotions if one of their brothers or sisters was perceived to be a substance abuser. Surprisingly, 22% of a college-aged convenience sample (N = 312) described one or more of their siblings as a substance abuser and reported being exposed to drugs at an earlier age than their non–substance-abusing counterparts, in addition to other differences. Sisters, more than brothers, were also affected. These exploratory findings, although limited by potential sampling bias, highlight potential areas for future research that could clarify and perhaps improve the experience of the “forgotten” siblings in a risky family constellation.     

Comment on Anderson and Ones (2008)

The ‘erratum and addendum’ by Anderson and Ones ( 2008 ) does not state unambiguously that participants' Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI) scale scores were incorrectly matched with their scores on the other inventories' scales, nor does it mention the existence of other errors in the scoring of the Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ) and Business Personality Indicator (BPI) scales. We demonstrate these errors and we recommend the retraction of the articles by Anderson and Ones ( 2003 ) and Ones and Anderson ( 2002 ). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Negative Translations Not Intuitionistically Equivalent to the Usual Ones

We refute the conjecture that all negative translations are intuitionistically equivalent by giving two counterexamples. Then we characterise the negative translations intuitionistically equivalent to the usual ones.     

Counseling and Mental Health Care for Transgender Adults and Loved Ones

SUMMARY

Increasingly, transgender individuals and loved ones (partners, family, and friends) are seeking assistance from mental health professionals working in the community rather than in university or hospital-based gender identity clinics. Drawing on published literature specific to transgender mental health, interviews with expert clinicians, the authors' clinical experience, and three key guiding principles (a transgender-affirmative approach, client-centered care, and a commitment to harm reduction), we suggest protocols for the clinician providing mental health services in the community setting. Practice areas discussed include assessment and treatment of gender concerns, trans-specific mental health issues, and trans-specific elements in general counseling of transgender individuals and their loved ones.     

A Forthcoming Key Press Can Be Selected While Earlier Ones Are Executed

The possibility that a key press can be selected during execution of earlier key presses and the resulting pattern of interferences were investigated in this study. Subjects (N equals 26) were required to press a series of keys, determined in advance, before they pressed a stimulus-dependent key. Response selection demands were manipulated by using spatially compatible and incompatible SndashR mappings because S-R compatibility is well known to not disappear with practice. The longer time needed to select an incompatible key vanished when the choice key was preceded by two or four predetermined key presses. Only early in practice did the time to press the first and the choice key in a three-key sequence exhibit part of the compatibility effect. With limited practice, concurrent preparation in the three-key sequence was relatively slow and took longer than the time required for executing the fixed keys. These findings suggest that processes involved in execution are not affected by concurrent response selection and that one of the effects of practicing movement sequences is that later movements can be selected while earlier ones are being executed. This need not affect execution rate. Therefore, different degrees of concurrent processing are not always reflected in reduced execution rates.     

特征概率影响多维和少维类别的分类学习和特征学习

探讨了特征概率对多维和少维类别的分类学习和特征学习的效果及策略的影响。结果表明高特征概率条件下,多维比少维类别的分类学习更容易,而且学到更多的特征知识,多维条件下人们更倾向于整体性加工策略,而少维条件下人们倾向于分析性加工策略。低特征概率条件下,多维比少维类别的分类学习和特征学习都困难,且两种条件下人们都倾向于采取分析性加工策略。     

中国少数民族考生与外国考生HSK成绩的公平性分析

该研究利用项目功能差异(Differential Item Functioning,简称DIF)理论,对HSK考生中不同两个群体——外国人和中国国内的少数民族,进行题目的反应分析。考查HSK的题目是否存在不利于某一群体。具体做法：采用MH和SIBTEST方法检测DIF,利用标准化的离散分析方法和SIBTEST的项目束分析法鉴别DIF的真伪,并寻找造成DIF的原因。由数据分析的结果可知,HSK(初、中等)A卷对对外国考生和中国国内的少数民族考生存在一些有DIF的题目。     

邪教的多维透析--兼论中西方邪教之区别

邪教是一种复杂的社会现象,近年来中国学术界对其进行了大量的研究,但在一些基本概念方面依然未能消除一些模糊看法,中西方之间在此问题上更存在很大分歧。本文从宗教学、心理学、社会学、法学、政治学等不同的维度,对邪教进行了剖析,并从中总结出邪教的宗教异端性和社会危害性这两个标志性特征。     

学习不良和优良儿童社会信息加工中反应特点比较

采用情境故事和结构性访谈,研究学习不良和学习优良的小学四年级儿童的社会信息加工特点。结果表明,学习不良儿童在社会信息加工过程中的反应数量与质量总体上不如学习优良儿童;学习优良儿童更能注意到特质线索对他人行为的影响,他们在自我估计时体现了有别于他人的行为倾向,而且具有策略性;学习不良儿童更多地依据情境做出对他人行为的判断,无论是社会判断还是自我估计都还停留在非此即彼的水平上。     

J.S. Mill's Canons of Induction: From True Causes to Provisional Ones

In this essay, my aim is twofold: to clarify how the late Mill conceived of the certainty of inductive generalisations and to offer a systematic clarification of the limited domain of application of Mill's Canons of Induction. I shall argue that Mill's views on the certainty of knowledge changed over time and that this change was accompanied by a new view on the certainty of the inductive results yielded by the Canons of Induction. The key message of the later editions of The System of Logic as conceived by the late Mill was no longer that by the Canons of Induction we can establish scientific certainty and true causes, but rather that the Canons are useful in establishing causal laws in a provisional way.

Deduction is a game and induction a grievance. (Bagehot 1913, vol. 3, p. 37)     

Repressive Coping,Emotional Adjustment,and Cognition in People Who Have Lost Loved Ones to Suicide

Research indicates that a repressive coping style is psychologically protective against the stress of trauma, yet it is unclear whether this finding generalizes to suicide bereavement. Thus, we assessed cognitive ability and mental health among individuals who lost a loved one to suicide. The results indicate that repressive coping may be associated with greater emotional health during suicide bereavement. Interestingly, “repressors” also had lower scores on both cognitive tasks compared to “nonrepressors,” but it is unclear whether their more recent loss accounts for this difference. These results are based on cross‐sectional data, and should be interpreted with caution.     

The critical role of the research question, inclusion criteria, and transparency in meta-analyses of integrity test research: a reply to Harris et al. (2012) and Ones, Viswesvaran, and Schmidt (2012)

We clear up a number of misconceptions from the critiques of our meta-analysis (Van Iddekinge, Roth, Raymark, & Odle-Dusseau, 2012). We reiterate that our research question focused on the criterion-related validity of integrity tests for predicting individual work behavior and that our inclusion criteria flowed from this question. We also reviewed the primary studies we could access from Ones, Viswesvaran, and Schmidt's (1993) meta-analysis of integrity tests and found that only about 30% of the studies met our inclusion criteria. Further, analyses of some of the types of studies we had to exclude revealed potentially inflated validity estimates (e.g., corrected validities as high as .80 for polygraph studies). We also discuss our experience trying to obtain primary studies and other information from authors of Harris et al. (2012) and Ones, Viswesvaran, and Schmidt (2012). In addition, we address concerns raised about certain decisions we made and values we used, and we demonstrate how such concerns would have little or no effect on our results or conclusions. Finally, we discuss some other misconceptions about our meta-analysis, as well as some divergent views about the integrity test literature in general. Overall, we stand by our research question, methods, and results, which suggest that the validity of integrity tests for criteria such as job performance and counterproductive work behavior is weaker than the authors of the critiques appear to believe.     

A Critical Examination of the Handbook of Industrial,Work and Organizational Psychology by N. Anderson,D.S. Ones,H.K. Sinangil and C. Viswesvaran (eds)*

Books reviewed: N. Anderson, D.S. Ones, H.K. Sinangil and C. Viswesvaran, Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organizational Psychology