授权的测量及其与员工工作态度的关系

首先，对Spreitzer的授权量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验，3家企业395份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明，授权量表具有较好的效度和信度；20家企业942份调查问卷的验证性因素分析和内部一致性分析进一步验证了授权量表的效度和信度，这表明Spreitzer的授权四维模型在中国得到了验证，其编制的授权量表在中国具有较强的适用性。然后，利用20家企业942份调查问卷的结果，采用结构方程模型技术对授权与员工满意度、组织承诺、离职意向与工作倦怠等员工工作态度变量之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析，结果表明，工作意义对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响，对离职意向与工作倦怠有负向的影响；自主性对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响；自我效能对组织承诺有正向的影响     

生涯适应力和员工离职意向的关系：职业生涯成功的作用

为了探讨生涯适应力对员工离职意向的作用机制,通过分析193名企业员工的问卷,采用Bootstrap法进行中介和调节分析,并采用Johnson-Neyman 法对职业满意度的调节效应进行量化分析。结果表明：（1）生涯适应力通过感知到的组织内职业竞争力负向作用离职意向,通过感知到的组织外职业竞争力正向作用离职意向;（2）职业满意度（主观生涯适应力）调节生涯适应力对离职意向的直接和间接影响。当职业满意度达到中等及以上水平时,生涯适应力的增大会直接减少离职意向,但间接的通过感知到的组织外职业竞争力增加离职意向。因此,提高员工的生涯适应力和职业满意度只能在一定程度上减少离职意向。     

组织承诺研究的进展与展望

该文采取多测度分析的方法,从理论基础,概念性定义和操作定义,量表的信度、效度和影响变量等方面对组织承诺的已有研究进行回顾和分析。发现现有的组织承诺概念比较冗余,需要进行有效的整合,现有组织承诺量表需要在内容效度、汇聚效度和区分效度等指标上进行深入探索;目前关于组织承诺的研究多从离职/留职意向的角度进行探讨,缺乏从雇佣关系的角度进行的系统研究;需要进行纵向研究以获得组织承诺和其他一些员工态度变量之间的因果关系;后续研究可以从中介变量和调节变量的角度,详细考察组织承诺的不同维度的交互作用。     

职业生涯高原对员工工作满意度、组织承诺、离职意愿的影响

职业生涯高原是指个体在当前组织中职业生涯发展的停滞。在控制人口统计学变量以及同一方法偏差的基础上,研究发现职业生涯高原的不同维度对不同组织效果变量有不同影响。（1）层级高原对员工工作满意度和组织承诺并没有显著负向影响,但会增加员工离职的可能性。不过,层级高原对员工离职意愿的影响受到工龄的调节;（2）内容高原对员工的工作满意度、组织承诺均具有显著负向影响,并增加员工离开组织的可能性;（3）中心化高原对员工的工作满意度、组织承诺均具负向影响,但对员工离职意愿却没有显著影响     

家长式领导与员工离职意向:组织认同的中介作用

为了探讨家长式领导影响员工离职意向的内在作用机制,采用家长式领导量表、组织认同量表和离职意向量表对某企业176名员工分3个时间点进行测试,结果发现家长式领导中的德行领导、仁慈领导和组织认同显著正相关,和离职意向显著负相关,威权领导和离职意向显著正相关,组织认同和离职意向显著负相关;使用层次回归法发现,在控制组织认同后,德行领导对离职意向的预测作用不显著;运用Bootstrap法发现,组织认同在德行领导、威权领导与离职意向间是唯一的中介变量。因此,组织认同在家长式领导中的德行领导、威权领导和离职意向间起完全中介作用。     

组织职业生涯管理对职业承诺和工作满意度的影响 ——职业延迟满足的中介作用分析

以321名企业员工为被试,通过自编的职业延迟满足问卷,考察了企业员工的职业延迟满足在组织职业生涯管理对职业承诺、工作满意度影响过程中的中介作用。结果表明：职业延迟满足与组织职业生涯管理、职业承诺、工作满意度存在显著正相关;工作年限等人口统计学变量对职业延迟满足没有显著的预测作用;公平晋升、注重培训对职业延迟满足有显著的预测作用;职业延迟满足在组织职业生涯管理对职业承诺、工作满意度影响过程中存在中介作用;在结构方程模型中,职业延迟满足在公平晋升、注重培训与职业承诺、工作满意度之间存在中介作用;而职业延迟满足在职业发展与职业承诺、工作满意度之间不存在中介作用     

组织承诺与职务投入对技术人员行为的影响

文章讨论了不同职业发展阶段条件下组织承诺和职务投入分别对工程技术人员工作绩效和离职倾向的预测效应.针对Werbel(1984)提出的只有职业发展后期组织承诺才能有效预测离职以及Keller(1997)提出的职务投入对工程师绩效不具有预测力,论文提出了不同观点.通过问卷法对210位工程技术人员进行测量发现,无论离职倾向还是工作绩效,随着职业发展,其预测变量呈现组织承诺-职务投入-组织承诺交替出现的特征.文章对交替过程中的职业发展阶段划分及不同阶段的任务特征作了进一步探讨.     

真实型领导对员工工作投入影响的多重中介效应模型

为了考察真实型领导影响员工工作投入的内在作用机制,采用真实型领导行为量表、职业认同量表、情感承诺量表、组织支持感量表和工作投入量表对308名企业员工进行施测,结果发现：（1）真实型领导通过职业认同、情感承诺和组织支持感的间接作用对员工的工作投入产生影响;（2）职业认同、情感承诺和组织支持感在真实型领导影响员工工作投入的过程中起完全中介作用。     

幼儿教师组织支持和职业压力对离职意向的影响:职业倦怠的中介作用

为探索幼儿教师组织支持、职业压力和倦怠对离职意向的影响机制,选取四川、重庆、西藏、贵州和北京五地幼儿教师326名,用幼儿教师工作压力源问卷、幼儿教师离职意向问卷、教师职业倦怠量表和组织支持感问卷进行调查。结果表明:(1)幼儿教师职业压力是风险性因素,提升其离职意向;幼儿教师组织支持是保护性因素,降低其离职意向,且组织支持的保护作用主要表现为主效应。(2)幼儿教师职业倦怠在组织支持和职业压力对离职意向的影响中起中介作用。以上研究结果对缓解幼儿教师离职意向具有一定理论价值和实践意义。     

企业员工对团队领导的信任结构研究——基于IT企业团队的研究

基于IT企业任务复杂度和合作需求较高的现状,加强团队内信任成为管理中的一个重点。本研究在Mayer和Mcknight的信任模型基础上对IT企业员工的组织信任结构进行分析。对四家IT公司239人进行问卷调查,并用Amos5．0进行分析后得到拟合度良好的模型结构,结果显示：①个体信任倾向对员工信任意向的影响不显著;②个体信任倾向影响员工对领导的可信任性感知和基于企业制度的信任;③基于制度的信任显著影响对领导的可信任性感知,但是对信任意向的影响不显著;④对领导的可信任性感知显著影响个体的信任意向;⑤卷入度在基于制度的信任和对领导的可信任性感知之间起缓冲作用。     

Testing the relationship between three-component organizational/occupational commitment and organizational/occupational turnover intention using a non-recursive model

This study explored the relationship between three-component organizational/occupational commitment and organizational/occupational turnover intention, and the reciprocal relationship between organizational and occupational turnover intention with a non-recursive model in collectivist cultural settings. We selected 177 nursing staffs out of 30 hospitals in Taiwan as our sample, and structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to test our hypotheses. The results showed that normative organizational commitment negatively correlates with organizational turnover intention most strongly, and affective occupational commitment negatively correlates with occupational turnover intention most strongly. Moreover, organizational turnover intention plays a mediating role in the relationship between normative organizational commitment and occupational turnover intention, while occupational turnover intention mediates the relationship between affective occupational commitment and organizational turnover intention. In particular, the reciprocal relationship exists between organizational and occupational turnover intention. Practical implications and suggestions for future research were also discussed.     

Socially oriented values and reciprocity norm predict organizational commitment

The current research concerns the predictors and organizational outcomes of normative commitment in Chinese companies. In Study 1, using a semi-structured interview, we identified internalization of socially oriented value and reciprocity norm as two possible predictors of normative commitment. Survey results confirm the factorial independence of these two predictors. Study 2 examined the predictive relationship of these predictors with employee job satisfaction, turnover intention, in-role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The results showed that value internalization predicts higher job satisfaction and weaker turnover intentions via normative commitment, whereas reciprocity predicts higher job satisfaction, weaker turnover intention, and more frequent display of OCB via normative commitment. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and management practices.     

The Role of Pay Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Turnover Intentions: A Two-Sample Study

This paper reports the results of a two-sample study—a sample of medical reps from pharmaceutical companies (N = 232) and a sample of respondents from multiple organizations (N = 221)—of the relationships between pay satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Hypotheses were tested using a multidimensional perspective on both pay satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results from both samples show that the effect of pay satisfaction on intended turnover is fully mediated by affective commitment and perceived sacrifice commitment. Pay satisfaction is also significantly related to normative commitment but the latter has no influence on the outcome. Finally, in the sample of medical reps, pay satisfaction significantly reduces commitment based on lack of employment alternatives, a finding that is interpreted in light of the characteristics of pay systems in pharmaceutical companies. Future directions on compensation satisfaction and commitment research are discussed.     

主管承诺理论研究述评

主管承诺（supervisory commitment or commitment to supervisor）是20世纪80年代以来在组织承诺（organizational commitment or commitment to organization）基础上发展起来的员工承诺理论的一个分支。对它的测量,学者们主要是借鉴Allen和Meyer与O’Reilly和Chatman对组织承诺的测量方法,目前属香港学者陈振雄的测量最为细致和全面。对影响主管承诺的前因,学者们目前探索到文化、感受主管支持（PSS）和领导—成员交换（LMX）三个因素。对主管承诺的结果,学者们普遍认为,主管承诺比组织承诺更能影响员工的工作绩效和组织公民行为（OCB）,但在对工作满意感和跳槽意图的影响上还存在不同的意见。另外,在目前大多数学者的研究中,主管承诺与组织承诺是并列关系,但Hunt和Morgan更主张二者是因果关系,而且是主管承诺带来组织承诺。在全面述评的基础上,作者对未来的研究提出了四点展望。     

A meta-analytic review of occupational commitment: relations with person- and work-related variables

Relations between occupational commitment (OC) and several person- and work-related variables were examined meta-analytically (76 samples; across analyses, Ns ranged 746-15,774). Major findings are as follows. First, OC was positively related to job-focused constructs such as job involvement and satisfaction, suggesting that attitudes toward the job itself may be a central concern in committing to one's occupation. Second, consistent with previous work, OC and organizational commitment were positively related. This relation was found to be moderated by the compatibility of the profession and the employing organization. Third, OC was positively related to job performance and had an indirect effect on organizational turnover intention through occupational turnover intention. This latter effect suggests that understanding of organizational turnover can be enhanced by incorporating occupation-related variables into turnover models.     

组织信任对员工态度和离职意向、组织财务绩效的影响

为了探讨组织信任对个体和组织的作用,在全国不同地区43家企业进行了问卷调查,得到801份有效问卷。结果表明,在个体方面,多层线性模型（HLM：hierarchical linear modeling）分析的结果显示：组织信任对个体的工作满意度、情感承诺有显著的正向预测效果,对离职意向具有显著的负向预测效果;组织信任对工作满意度、情感承诺与离职意向之间的关系都具有显著的调节（加强）作用。在组织方面,结构方程模型的分析结果显示：组织信任通过组织学习和组织创新的完全中介作用于组织的主观财务绩效,即一方面分别通过组织学习和组织创新的完全中介作用于财务绩效,另一方面直接通过组织创新的完全中介作用于组织的财务绩效     

The interactive effect of job involvement and organizational commitment on job turnover revisited: a note on the mediating role of turnover intention

This study extends previous theoretical and empirical research on Blau and Boal's (1987) model of the interactive effect of job involvement and organizational commitment on employee withdrawal. Using longitudinal data from a survey among the nursing staff of a Swedish emergency hospital (N = 535) and register information on actual turnover, the results showed, in contrast to the statement of the original theoretical model, that turnover intention mediates the additive and multiplicative effects of job involvement and organizational commitment on actual turnover. The study suggests that the proposed involvement by commitment interaction is theoretically justified, and underscores the pertinence of investigating intermediate linkages in turnover research.