Neuroscience and Criminal Justice: Introduction

This special issue of The Journal of Ethics is devoted to ethical considerations of the use of neuroscience in the criminal justice system. In this introduction, an overview is provided of the different topics dealt with in the volume.     

Perceptual Analysis and Sensory Integration in Brain-Damaged Persons

(Ames, L. B., Learned, J., Metraux, R. W., &; Walker, R. N. Child Rorschach Responses: Developmental Trends from Two to Ten Years. New York: Hoeber, 1952. Pp. 310.): Reviewed by Bettye M. Caldwell     

Introduction to the Special Issue on Assimilative Integration

This issue of Journal of Psychotherapy Integration includes a set of articles that explore and apply the concept of assimilative integration. They do so from different theoretical perspectives, including psychodynamic, cognitive–behavioral, family systems, and Yogic/Buddhist, as well as from broad conceptual standpoints. The articles are followed by 3 commentaries that offer an appreciation and critique of assimilative integration and recommendations for its further development.     

现代神经科学发展述略

现代神经科学的产生是神经解剖学、神经生物化学、神经生理学等传统生物学科与神经心理学、认知心理学等行为科学之间不断融合的结果。在神经科学产生与发展历程中,有许多值得研究总结的方法论问题。     

曼德勒的"知觉分析"理论及其意义

曼德勒提出"知觉分析"理论来解释儿童概念起源.她假设概念获得是与知觉相分离的.该理论面临一些理论困难:1)知觉与概念的分离是否可能,2)一些基本概念界定模糊.尽管如此,"知觉分析"理论仍然对儿童概念获得问题做出了有效的解释.我们提倡将"知觉分析"理论和"心理理论"、"推理"和"心理模块性"等领域结合,可以克服"知觉分析"理论自身的困难,也可以对这些领域的研究提供实证支持.     

An Introduction to Neuropsychological Assessment

Since its inception in the 1940s, clinical neuropsychology has evolved into a field encompassing a diverse and sometimes bewildering array of theoretical points of view and technical approaches. The purpose of this article is to acquaint counselors with the primary historical developments, current perspectives, and clinical applications of neuropsychology so that they can make optimal use of this valuable diagnostic approach. Neuropsychological assessments are significant for counselors in evaluation, remediation, and ongoing counseling of clients and their families. These assessments allow the identification of patients whose cognitive deficits have been underestimated or overestimated by other diagnostic procedures and provide clinically relevant information about potential for and specific means to promote recovery. Advocacy for clients, as broadly conceived, is also an important role for counselors.     

和平研究引论

和平包括消极和平与积极和平.和平学是识别和分析暴力、非暴力行为以及治理人类冲突的方法机制的一门学科,其研究范围包括战争与和平,也包括正义、发展、人权、生态环境.和平学的主要目标是探求用和平的方式实现和平,而和平教育则是其中的一项重要内容.     

An Introduction to Model Selection

This paper is an introduction to model selection intended for nonspecialists who have knowledge of the statistical concepts covered in a typical first (occasionally second) statistics course. The intention is to explain the ideas that generate frequentist methodology for model selection, for example the Akaike information criterion, bootstrap criteria, and cross-validation criteria. Bayesian methods, including the Bayesian information criterion, are also mentioned in the context of the framework outlined in the paper. The ideas are illustrated using an example in which observations are available for the entire population of interest. This enables us to examine and to measure effects that are usually invisible, because in practical applications only a sample from the population is observed. The problem of selection bias, a hazard of which one needs to be aware in the context of model selection, is also discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

"Perceptual scotomas": a functional account of motion-induced blindness

ABSTRACT— In motion-induced blindness (MIB), salient objects in full view can repeatedly fluctuate into and out of conscious awareness when superimposed onto certain global moving patterns. Here we suggest a new account of this striking phenomenon: Rather than being a failure of visual processing, MIB may be a functional product of the visual system's attempt to separate distal stimuli from artifacts of damage to the visual system itself. When a small object is invariant despite changes that are occurring to a global region of the surrounding visual field, the visual system may discount that stimulus as akin to a scotoma, and may thus expunge it from awareness. We describe three experiments demonstrating new phenomena predicted by this account and discuss how it can also explain several previous results.