The Mediating Role of Street Code Attitudes on the Self-Control and Crime Relationship

Research has demonstrated strong but independent attention to the role of self-control and street code attitudes in predicting criminal and violent behavior. Yet, there are good theoretical notions to believe that street code attitudes may be a salient mechanism in the self-control–offending relationship. Specifically, the present study investigates: (1) the extent to which self-control predicts adopting street code attitudes and (2) whether street code attitudes mediate the effect of self-control on criminal behavior. Using data collected from a multisite sample of over 900 young adults, we assess this mediation hypothesis for three distinct types of criminal activity: violent, property, and drug use. Our results reveal that individuals with lower self-control are more likely to adopt street code attitudes, that self-control is related to all three forms of offending, and that street code attitudes fully mediate the effect of self-control on violence, partially on property crime, but not in the case of drug use. Findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

父母教养方式与内隐攻击性的关系研究

采用父母养育方式量表和内隐联想测验,分别测量53名初二学生的父母教养方式和内隐攻击性。研究结果表明,在父母教养方式上,男生和女生在父亲情感温暖、惩罚严厉和母亲干涉保护、惩罚严厉4个因子上差异显著;在内隐攻击性测验上,男生和女生没有显著差异。相关分析结果表明,内隐攻击性与父亲的惩罚严厉、过分干涉和母亲的惩罚严厉等3个因子有显著正相关。     

The Relationship Between Self-Control,Witnessing Domestic Violence,and Subsequent Violence

The notion that violence begets violence is well accepted. Less clear are the precise factors that link together child violence and adult violence in an individual's life course. This study examines the role that self-control has in linking together exposure to violence in a child's life and subsequent violence in that individual's life. A telephone survey with 375 residents in Southeastern Virginia was conducted. Attention is given to whether those who saw their parents fight are more likely to (1) have a low self-control and (2) report having experienced violence either as an offender or a victim. Results suggest that witnessing violence is not related to self-control, and those who witnessed violence were less likely to have subsequent experiences with partner abuse. Further, we found that low self-control has a link with partner abuse. Implications for theory, policy, and future research are provided.     

Examining the Relationship between Social Support,Parenting Stress,and Depression in South Korean Single Mothers

Journal of Child and Family Studies - The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among social support, parenting stress, and depression in single mothers with young children in South...     

Effective Parenting as the Integration of Lessons and Dialogue

Our discussion of parenting is based on the premise that ecosystem contingencies and rules sometimes govern the child's social development in contradictory ways. While contingencies inform the child about self control tactics, rules outline principles of communal control operating beyond the child's direct influence. Parents guide their children through lessons which demonstrate contingency control and through dialogue promoting the children's awareness about the limited nature of this control. When parents integrate lessons and dialogue, they optimize their children's chances of self regulation while also helping the children to sustain synchronous community interactions.     

Development and Validation of the Knowledge of Parenting Strategies Scale: Measuring Effective Parenting Strategies

The current study aimed to develop and evaluate a measure of parenting knowledge, the Knowledge of Parenting Strategies Scale (KOPSS); specifically, to establish the scales internal reliability, ensure a clinically appropriate length, provide a community sample for future comparison, demonstrate adequate test–retest reliability and convergent validity, and to compare the scale to dysfunctional discipline styles. A total of n?=?865 parents were involved in the development and evaluation of the scale. In Study 1, data was collected from n?=?229 parents and Rasch analyses revealed seven items did not fit the measurement model. Study 2 involved a further sample of community families (n?=?346) and revealed the scale could be further shortened to 16 items. Study 3 revealed the scale has good test–retest reliability over a one-week period (r?=?.88, p?<?.001). Study 4 demonstrated convergent validity through a comparison to the Knowledge of Effective Parenting Scale (r?=?.583, p?=?.009). Study 5 utilised a sample of community families (n?=?190), revealing the scale was negatively correlated with hostile and lax discipline (r?=??.29, p?<?.001; r?=??.15, p?<?.05). Lastly, Study 6 showed scores on the KOPSS significantly improved following clinic-based and Internet-based Behavioural Parent Training. The KOPSS was found to be a valid and reliable measure of parenting knowledge of effective parenting strategies, which can be used to evaluate knowledge acquisition in parenting programs, and test the role of knowledge in behaviour change.     

小学儿童社会创造性倾向与父母养育方式的关系

随机选取3~6年级小学儿童363名,采用小学生社会创造性倾向问卷和父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU),考察小学儿童社会创造性倾向与父母养育方式的关系。结果发现,1.小学儿童社会创造性倾向与父亲的情感温暖、理解以及偏爱呈显著正相关,与父亲的惩罚、严厉呈显著负相关,与母亲养育方式呈现出相似的相关模式;2.小学儿童的社会创造性倾向与父亲养育方式只有第一对典型变量显著,其中小学儿童的威信或同伴影响力、冲突解决能力、出众性、社会智力、主动尽责性因子与父亲的情感温暖和理解、偏爱呈显著的正向一致性或典型相关,与母亲养育方式的典型相关分析结果与此类似。     

青少年网络不道德行为与父母教养方式的关系——道德脱离、责任心、道德同一性的中介作用

研究采用问卷法,对764名青少年进行测试,用结构方程模型检验了教养方式、责任心、道德同一性、道德脱离和网络不道德行为之间的关系模型。结果表明,拒绝型教养方式通过责任心、道德同一性和道德脱离的中介来间接影响网络不道德行为。责任心可以直接作用于网络不道德行为,也可以通过道德脱离的中介来影响网络不道德行为。道德同一性只能通过道德脱离来影响不道德行为。     

中国青少年父母教养方式与自杀意念的元分析

如何降低自杀意念是研究者共同面临的问题,其中家庭因素近些年得到了越来越多的关注。本研究采用元分析的方法考察中国青少年父母教养方式与自杀意念的关系及其影响因素,纳入了符合标准的文献22篇,包括158个效应量,总样本量为16980人。结果发现,父母积极教养方式与自杀意念呈显著负相关,父母消极教养方式与自杀意念呈显著正相关。年龄阶段、自杀意念测量工具能够显著调节父母教养方式与自杀意念的关系,独生子女比例能够调节父母消极教养方式与自杀意念的关系。上述结果表明,父母教养方式能够显著影响自杀意念,家长应采用情感温暖、理解等积极教养方式,而非拒绝、过度干涉等消极教养方式。     

父母教养方式对创造性倾向的影响——人格的中介作用

采用父母教养方式评价量表、大五人格量表和威廉姆斯创造性倾向测验,测量了311名初高中生及大学生的父母教养方式、人格与创造性,并对其关系进行考察。结果发现:(1)父母温暖、理解与其子女创造性倾向显著正相关,父亲过分干涉和母亲拒绝否认与其子女创造性倾向显著正相关;(2)开放性和外倾性人格在父母教养方式与创造性倾向之间起中介作用。研究探讨了教养方式、人格与创造性之间的关系以及对父母养育子女的启示。     

城乡父母养育方式与大学生自我概念的关系研究

通过调查689名大学生的父母养育方式和自我概念,考察不同地域父母养育方式与大学生自我概念的关系。结果表明：城市女生比农村女生感受到父母更多的温暖理解和过度保护、更少的偏爱,而城乡男大学生在父母养育方式上没有差异;城市大学生在自我概念各维度上得分均高于农村大学生,而这种差异在女大学生中尤其明显。父母温暖理解对子女的自我概念有正向影响,而拒绝否认和过度保护对子女自我概念有负向影响;城市大学生的自我概念发展主要受父亲养育方式影响,而农村大学生的自我概念发展同时受父亲和母亲养育方式的影响。     

Exploring the Relationship between Market Orientation and Sales and Marketing Collaboration

The relationship between sales and marketing has generated considerable academic interest in recent years, with studies focusing on how the interface can be improved. However, prior research has neglected an important aspect of this interface: the relationship between market orientation and collaboration between sales and marketing. This study considers this relationship and was carried out through a survey of managing directors/chief executives. The results indicate that collaboration between sales and marketing has a positive relationship with market orientation and that collaboration between sales and marketing as well as market orientation have a combined positive effect on business performance.     

Type A Personality,Self-Control,and Vulnerability to Stress

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A; Butcher et al., 1992) was released in 1992 and has rapidly become the most widely used objective personality assessment instrument with adolescents. Although the MMPI-A reduced or eliminated several problems associated with the use of the original MMPI (Hathaway &; McKinley, 1943) with adolescents, the MMPI-A does produce a high frequency of within normal limits basic scale profiles for individuals with substantial psychopathology including adolescents in inpatient psychiatric settings. To better understand the reasons for this phenomenon, we compared the item endorsement frequencies for the MMPI-A normative sample with results from two adolescent clinical samples, and these results were contrasted to the item endorsement frequencies for the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, &; Kaemmer, 1989) normative sample and a clinical sample of adult psychiatric inpatients. Results showed that the MMPI-A contains a substantial number of items that do not show a significant difference in item endorsement frequency between normative and clinical samples. Furthermore, MMPI-A basic and content scales generally show a much lower percentage of effective items than do the corresponding scales for the MMPI-2. We discuss the findings in relation to the frequent occurrence of low range MMPI-A profiles in clinical samples and the potential usefulness of these results in future efforts to develop viable short forms for the MMPI-A.     

An Empirical Test of the Relationship Between Employee Theft and Low Self-Control

Although Gottfredson and Hirschi (1987, 1990 Gottfredson , M. and T. Hirschi . 1990. A General Theory of Crime . Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press. [Google Scholar]) maintain that low self-control can account for white-collar/corporate offending, there have been few and inconclusive empirical tests in this area. One area of white-collar crime, in particular, which could benefit from an examination of the role of low self-control in predicting offending, is employee theft. Although employee theft is one of the more costly and pervasive crimes impacting the American economy each year, there has been very little research examining the role of individual characteristics and personality traits in predicting this type of deviant behavior. The current research is a preliminary attempt at integrating the two bodies of literature, employee theft and low self-control.     

Warmth and Contingency and Their Relationship to Maternal Attitudes Toward Parenting

In this study, the authors addressed the question of whether maternal parenting behaviors in terms of sensitivity, warmth, and contingency with respect to small infants were equally represented in attitudes toward parenting. Sixty mothers from central Germany with middle-class socioeconomic backgrounds were videotaped with their 1st born 3-month-old infant in a free-play and a caregiving episode in their home. The different maternal parenting components were behaviorally analyzed. Maternal attitudes toward parenting were assessed with self-report measures. The results showed that behavioral sensitivity was significantly associated with attitudes related to contingency, whereas behavioral warmth and contingency were not associated with maternal attitudes. The authors interpreted differential associations as a reflection of intuitive and explicit parenting strategies, with only sensitivity being explicitly represented.     

Resting Heart Rate Mediates the Relationship between Parenting Style and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Chinese Children

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Despite increasing knowledge of social and biological risk factors for callous-unemotional (CU) traits, relatively less is known about how these...     

社区高血压患者心理一致感与服药依从性的关系研究

为了解社区高血压患者心理一致感及服药依从性现状,并探讨二者关系,本研究采用心理一致感量表、Morisky服药依从性量表对济南市214例社区高血压患者进行调查.结果显示,社区高血压患者服药依从性良好率仅为18.7％;心理一致感总分为58.78±10.44,处于中等水平,各维度条目均分由低至高依次为可理解感(4.36±0.94)、可控制感(4.47±1.00)及意义感(4.77±0.94);不同心理一致感水平的患者其服药依从性差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),高心理一致感的患者服药依从性最好,且心理一致感是患者服药依从性的保护性因素.因此,社区高血压患者的心理一致感能够影响其服药依从性,故应重视患者心理一致感的培养,以改善服药依从性.     

Relationship of Youth Involvement in Diabetes-Related Decisions to Treatment Adherence

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of youth’s involvement in diabetes-related decisions to adherence. Children and adolescents (8–19 years) and their parents (N = 89) completed the Decision Making Involvement Scale and the Self Care Inventory, a self-report measure of adherence. After controlling for youth age, the degree to which youth expressed an opinion and information to parents was associated with better parent- and youth-reported adherence. The degree to which parents expressed an opinion and information to youth was associated with worse parent-reported adherence. Joint decision-making behaviors (e.g., negotiation; provision of options) also were associated with better youth-reported adherence. Encouraging youth to express opinions and share illness-related information with parents during illness management discussions may improve adherence. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms of effect and determine associations between decision making involvement and health behaviors and outcomes over time.     

Relations between Parenting Stress,Parenting Style,and Child Executive Functioning for Children with ADHD or Autism

Relations among parenting stress, parenting style, and child executive functioning for children with disabilities are not easily teased apart. The current study explored these relations among 82 children and adolescents age 7–18: 21 with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 33 with autism spectrum disorder, and 28 typically developing. Results indicated that children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder had more executive functioning deficits, and their parents reported more parenting stress and a greater use of permissive parenting, compared to typically developing children. In general, increased parenting stress was associated with greater use of authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, as well as more problems with behavior regulation for children. Authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were associated with poorer child executive functioning. Child diagnostic group (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, typically developing) moderated relations between parent stress and child functioning, and between parenting style and child functioning. Implications for intervention with families of children with disabilities are discussed.     

青年子女的传统孝观念及其与早期父母教养行为的关系

采用孝道认知量表和简式父母教养方式问卷, 调查了479名青年子女的传统孝观念, 探讨在青年独生和非独生子女群体中, 传统孝观念的保持情况, 以及传统孝观念与早期(18岁以前)父母教养行为的关系。结果发现:(1)青年子女的传统孝观念整体上有弱化的趋势;独生子女和非独生子女的孝观念并无显著差异;(2)性别对传统孝观念存在一定影响, 女性尊亲恳亲和奉养祭念的孝观念显著强于男性;(3)父母的教养行为与子女孝观念的强弱有密切关联, 且这种关联因家庭结构的不同而存在差异。