印度宗教与统一民法问题

本文论述了印度属人法的历史与独立后《印度宪法》所规定的“统一民法”目标、独立后印度属人法的改革及其所面临的困难、民法改革与印度教民族主义政治的冲突等。本文特别分析了在印度特殊的宗教政治氛围中,人们的宗教权利与政府的宗教平等政策之间,尚存在着协调的难题;作为立国基础的世俗主义在印度并没有形成共识,更没有成为宗教与立法分离的依托。在生活方式即是宗教的国情下,统一民法不能够避免依赖宗教和习俗,更不能最终解决民法与宗教文化、多元社会、民族政治相关的矛盾问题。     

摩西法律的契约形式和以律法为核心的希伯来宗教

本文详细地探讨了以色列圣约的神学构成、历史背景及其宗教隐喻,指出尽管它具有与整个古代近东相同的立法与司法习俗,但它更强调的是神与以色列立约和日后重立约的宗教经历。以色列对古代近东契约观念的使用使得神人关系概念化,神人之约被最深刻地体现于西奈经历中,并从中衍伸出一种浓厚的历史意识,形成守约得福、背约遭祸的神学历史观。此后,随着古代希伯来历史的发展,律法地位的提高导致了犹太宗教的结构变化,并产生了两种神学倾向:一是“约”的概念的淡化,二是律法被绝对化并赋予了其外在的形式。这使得律法被本体化,逐渐取代约而成为犹太信仰的基础,犹太教也因此成为以实现律法的要求为目的的宗教,公义的外在化由此极大地削弱了信仰的精神内涵。本文正是通过上述对希伯来神人之约与古代近东契约的对比研究,试图深入地领会契约律法发生和发展的深刻的历史和现实意义,并思考包括基督教在内的诸多思想和历史问题。     

Religion as Politics not Law: the Religion Clauses in the Australian Constitution1

Abstract

The Australian Constitution provides for the protection of religious freedom and prohibits establishment in very similar terms to the United States Constitution. Yet while Australian judges have often stated the importance of religious freedom in a democratic state and have defined religion in a broad, culturally sensitive way, they have taken a narrow approach to the scope of religious freedom and to the meaning of establishment. The end result is that the courts have played very little role in determining the boundaries of acceptable government or legislative behaviour in the regulation of religion. Instead, the key decisions have been left to the political branches of government, which have been given a broad scope of power to engage in all but the most direct and egregious breaches of religious freedom. This article begins with an overview of the history of the drafting of the religion clauses of the Australian Constitution and then gives a detailed analysis of the way in which those clauses have been interpreted by the High Court. It concludes that the approach of the High Court in interpreting the religion clauses narrowly, as a constraint on government power rather than a right, has limited the capacity of the Court to participate meaningfully in the key legal questions around religious freedom. While this approach might have been workable in the past, the growing complexity of regulating religion means that the courts need to be able to develop more sophisticated legal approaches to questions of religious freedom.     

全面依法治国视域下宗教工作法治化路径探析

全面推进依法治国是我国的基本治国方略,是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的最根本方式,也是改革开放和现代化事业的根本制度保障。全面依法治国,是新时期做好宗教工作的基本指引,推进宗教工作法治化,是实现社会稳定和国家长治久安的内在要求。宗教工作的法治化是一个动态的过程,我们必须不断总结宗教工作经验,完善涉及宗教事务管理的法律法规,不断探索宗教工作法治化路径,依法规范宗教事务管理。     

云南傣族封建法律文明源于外来宗教的影响

少数民族宗教对社会法律影响很大,就南传上座部佛教来说,其深刻影响了云南傣族封建法律的各个方面,使傣族封建法律形成了自己的特色,无论就其内容、程序,还是其司法制度、操作手法都被抹上一层厚厚的宗教色彩.南传上座部佛教对傣族封建法律的影响是积极的、上进的,致使傣族封建法律文化、乃至傣族社会文化具有较高的文明化程度.     

Religion,Health, and the Psychology of Religion: How the Research on Religion and Health Helps Us Understand Religion

An increasing replication of studies find a correlation between religious belief and practice and mental and physical health and longevity. This paper discusses some of the implications of this research for the ways in which religion might understood psychologically. Most interpretations of this data focus on the presence of one or more mediating variables. This paper argues that the presence of these mediating factors helps us understand more precisely some of the ways in which religion actually does impact on human life and in what the psychological uniqueness of religion actually consists.     

制度性宗教VS分散性宗教——关于杨庆堃《中国社会中的宗教》的讨论

<正>杨庆堃的《中国社会中的宗教》中译本问世后,产生了很大的影响。人们在阅读之后,有所消化和吸收,有些学者在学术上深入"反刍",提出了许多值得进一步思考的问题。《世界宗教文化》编辑部特邀《中国社会中的宗教》的主译者、上海复旦大学的范丽珠教授,上海复旦大学     

信仰和知识之间的宗教——德里达与宗教

世界的意义存在于世界之外。——维特根斯坦:《逻辑哲学论》在今天这个经常以宗教名义各行其是的纷乱世界,如何能够不割断哲学传统进行宗教思考?这是德里达在《信仰与知识》!"中要探讨解决的问题。德里达其实很早就开始对宗教进行思考。宗教问题成为他深入运用他的解构策略的重     

医学与宗教

通过展示医学与宗教部分客观存在的联系,经此努力发现并力图提示宗教与医学之间的某些关系及其影响,认为医学与宗教有着共同的研究目的、生命与死亡。两者殊途同归。