共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Michaelis Michael 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(1):43-61
Quine’s general approach is to treat ontology as a matter of what a theory says there is. This turns ontology into a question
of which existential statements are consequences of that theory. This approach is contrasted favourably with the view that
takes ontological commitment as a relation to things. However within the broadly Quinean approach we can distinguish different
accounts, differing as to the nature of the consequence relation best suited for determining those consequences. It is suggested
that Quine’s own narrowly formal account fails. Then a consideration of the necessitation approach championed by Jackson and
Lewis shows that it does not do justice to the role of acknowledging consequences in determining rationality. I suggest that
an approach which puts a priori consequence as the key relation does a better job. The task of spelling out the nature of
a priori consequence is sketched, along with reasons to doubt the adequacy of the double indexing approach to analysing the
a priori. The sorts of relations we can stand in to theories which allow us to inherit ontological commitments are touched
on with a number of important philosophical strategies for introducing belief-like attitudes which nevertheless avoid ontological
commitment.
相似文献
Michaelis MichaelEmail: |
2.
Berit Brogaard 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(1):21-42
There are two doctrines for which Quine is particularly well known: the doctrine of ontological commitment and the inscrutability
thesis—the thesis that reference and quantification are inscrutable. At first glance, the two doctrines are squarely at odds.
If there is no fact of the matter as to what our expressions refer to, then it would appear that no determinate commitments
can be read off of our best theories. We argue here that the appearance of a clash between the two doctrines is illusory.
The reason that there is no real conflict is not simply that in determining our theories’ ontological commitments we naturally
rely on our home language but also (and more importantly) that ontological commitment is not intimately tied to objectual
quantification and a reference-first approach to language. Or so we will argue. We conclude with a new inscrutability argument
which rests on the observation that the notion of objectual quantification, when properly cashed out, deflates.
相似文献
Berit BrogaardEmail: Email: |
3.
Richard Dagger 《Res Publica》2008,14(4):259-275
This article defends the fair-play theory of legal punishment against three objections. The first, the irrelevance objection, is the long-standing complaint that fair play fails to capture what it is about crimes that makes criminals deserving of
punishment; the others are the recently raised false-equivalence and lacks-integration objections. In response, I sketch an account of fair-play theory that is grounded in a conception of the political order
as a meta-cooperative practice—a conception that falls somewhere between contractual and communitarian conceptions—and draw on this
account to show how the theory can overcome the objections.
相似文献
Richard DaggerEmail: |
4.
Phillip Montague 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):125-131
This paper is a rejoinder to Thaddeus Metz’s article “Censure Theory Still Best Accounts for Punishment of the Guilty: Reply
to Montague.” In his article, Metz attempts to answer objections to censure theory that I had raised previously. I argue in
my rejoinder that Metz’s defense of censure theory remains seriously problematic despite what he says in his reply.
相似文献
Phillip MontagueEmail: |
5.
Steve Clarke 《Sophia》2009,48(2):127-142
There is overwhelming agreement amongst naturalists that a naturalistic ontology should not allow for the possibility of supernatural
entities. I argue, against this prevailing consensus, that naturalists have no proper basis to oppose the existence of supernatural
entities. Naturalism is characterized, following Leiter and Rea, as a position which involves a primary commitment to scientific
methodology and it is argued that any naturalistic ontological commitments must be compatible with this primary commitment.
It is further argued that properly applied scientific method has warranted the acceptance of the existence of supernatural
entities in the past and that it is plausible to think that it will do so again in the future. So naturalists should allow
for the possibility of supernatural entities.
相似文献
Steve ClarkeEmail: |
6.
Uriah Kriegel 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(1):79-95
The ontology of (merely) intentional objects is a can of worms. If we can avoid ontological commitment to such entities, we
should. In this paper, I offer a strategy for accomplishing that. This is to reject the traditional act-object account of
intentionality in favor of an adverbial account. According to adverbialism about intentionality, having a dragon thought is
not a matter of bearing the thinking-about relation to dragons, but of engaging in the activity of thinking dragon-wise.
相似文献
Uriah KriegelEmail: |
7.
Number sense and quantifier interpretation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We consider connections between number sense—the ability to judge number—and the interpretation of natural language quantifiers.
In particular, we present empirical evidence concerning the neuroanatomical underpinnings of number sense and quantifier interpretation.
We show, further, that impairment of number sense in patients can result in the impairment of the ability to interpret sentences
containing quantifiers. This result demonstrates that number sense supports some aspects of the language faculty.
相似文献
Robin ClarkEmail: |
8.
This paper presents an attempt to integrate theories of causal processes—of the kind developed by Wesley Salmon and Phil Dowe—into
a theory of causal models using Bayesian networks. We suggest that arcs in causal models must correspond to possible causal
processes. Moreover, we suggest that when processes are rendered physically impossible by what occurs on distinct paths, the
original model must be restricted by removing the relevant arc. These two techniques suffice to explain cases of late pre?mption
and other cases that have proved problematic for causal models.
相似文献
Toby HandfieldEmail: |
9.
A major virtue of the Pragma-Dialectical theory of argumentation is its commitment to reasonableness and rationality as central
criteria of argumentative quality. However, the account of these key notions offered by the originators of this theory, Frans
van Eemeren and Rob Grootendorst, seems to us problematic in several respects. In what follows we criticize that account and
suggest an alternative, offered elsewhere, that seems to us to be both independently preferable and more in keeping with the
epistemic approach to arguments and argumentation we favor.
相似文献
John BiroEmail: |
10.
Amie L. Thomasson 《Axiomathes》2009,19(1):1-15
This paper defends the view that ontological questions (properly understood) are easy—too easy, in fact, to be subjects of
substantive and distinctively philosophical debates. They are easy, roughly, in the sense that they may be resolved straightforwardly—generally by a combination of conceptual
and empirical enquiries. After briefly outlining the view and some of its virtues, I turn to examine two central lines of
objection. The first is that this ‘easy’ approach is itself committed to substantive ontological views, including an implausibly
permissive ontology. The second is that it, like neo-Fregean views, relies on transformation rules that are questionable on
both logical and ontological grounds. Ultimately, I will argue, the easy view is not easily assailed by either of these routes,
and so remains (thus far) a tenable and attractive approach.
相似文献
Amie L. ThomassonEmail: |
11.
Robert Michael Francescotti 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(1):47-63
Here I offer a precise analysis of what it takes for a property to count as emergent. The features widely considered crucial to emergence include novelty, unpredictability, supervenience, relationality, and downward causal influence. By acknowledging each of these distinctive features, the definition provided below captures an important sense in which
the whole can be more than the sum of its parts.
相似文献
Robert Michael FrancescottiEmail: |
12.
13.
Kai F. Wehmeier 《Erkenntnis》2008,69(3):363-376
Wittgensteinian predicate logic (W-logic) is characterized by the requirement that the objects mentioned within the scope
of a quantifier be excluded from the range of the associated bound variable. I present a sound and complete tableaux calculus
for this logic and discuss issues of translatability between Wittgensteinian and standard predicate logic in languages with
and without individual constants. A metalinguistic co-denotation predicate, akin to Frege’s triple bar of the Begriffsschrift, is introduced and used to bestow the full expressive power of first-order logic with identity on W-logic in the presence
of constants.
相似文献
Kai F. WehmeierEmail: |
14.
Motohide Saji 《Human Studies》2009,32(2):201-223
This article examines Kant’s discussion of the division between reason and unreason in his Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. On the one hand, Kant says that there is a normative, clear, and definite division between reason and unreason. On the other
hand, Kant offers three arguments showing that we cannot draw such a division. First, we cannot explain the normative grounds
for the division. Second, both reason and unreason are present in everyone to varying degrees in different ways. Third, Kant
invalidates the division as such by characterizing what should be more incomprehensible than an extreme case of unreason as
also being a rational way of life.
相似文献
Motohide SajiEmail: |
15.
Scott Soames 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(2):213-218
The article rebutts Michael Kremer’s contention that Russell’s contextual definition of set-theoretic language in Principia
Mathematica constituted the ontological achievement of eliminating commitment to classes. Although Russell’s higher-order
quantifiers, used in the definition, need not range over classes, none of the plausible substitutes provide a solid basis
for eliminating them. This point is used to defend the presentation, in The Dawn of Analysis, of Russell’s logicist reduction,
using a first-order version of naive set theory.
相似文献
Scott SoamesEmail: |
16.
Scott F. Aikin 《Argumentation》2008,22(4):571-584
There is a tension with regard to regulative norms of inquiry. One’s commitments must survive critical scrutiny, and if they
do not survive, they should be revised. Alternately, for views to be adequately articulated and defended, their proponents
must maintain a strong commitment to the views in question. A solution is proposed with the notion of holding one’s own as
the virtue of being reason-responsive with the prospects of improving the view in question.
相似文献
Scott F. AikinEmail: |
17.
Hans Muller 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):109-112
I have argued that to say qualia are epiphenomenal is to say a world without qualia would be physically identical to a world
with qualia. Dan Cavedon-Taylor has offered an alternative interpretation of the commitments of qualia epiphenomenalism according
to which qualia cause beliefs and those beliefs can and do cause changes to the physical world. I argue that neither of these
options works for the qualia epiphenomenalist and thus that theory faces far more serious difficulties than has previously
been recognized.
相似文献
Hans MullerEmail: |
18.
The relationships of voluntary retirement and organizational turnover intentions to various commitment constructs in work
and non-work settings were examined using a sample of 345 employees near retirement age (mean age = 53.71). The results demonstrated
that work centrality and commitment to leisure activities were unique predictors of retirement intentions, while affective
organizational commitment predicted turnover intentions but not retirement. Occupational commitment was a significant predictor
of both retirement and turnover. The implications for revising the definition of work-role attachment theory and further developing
a theoretical model to explain retirement decisions are also discussed.
相似文献
Joseph A. SchmidtEmail: |
19.
Kirk J. Schneider 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2007,37(1):33-39
This article summarizes the experiential liberation strategy of the existential-integrative (EI) model of therapy. The existential-integrative
model of therapy provides one way to understand and coordinate a variety of intervention modes within an overarching ontological
or experiential context. I will (1) define the experiential liberation strategy—such as its emphasis on the capacities to
constrict, expand, and center psychophysiological capacities; (2) describe its salient features—such as the four stances that
promote experiential liberation: presence, invoking the actual, vivifying and confronting resistance, and the cultivation
of meaning and awe; and (3) illustrate the relevance of the strategy to case vignettes drawn from actual practice.
相似文献
Kirk J. SchneiderEmail: |
20.
Christopher Hitchcock 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(3):391-401
Hall [(2007), Philosophical Studies, 132, 109–136] offers a critique of structural equations accounts of actual causation, and then offers a new theory of his own.
In this paper, I respond to Hall’s critique, and present some counterexamples to his new theory. These counterexamples are
then diagnosed.
相似文献
Christopher HitchcockEmail: |