闭角型青光眼与心理社会因素的关系

其中原发性闭角型青光眼是近年来国内外学者公认的眼科心身疾病[1].虽然其病因至今尚未完全清楚,但心理社会因素在临床诊疗过程中的作用逐渐引起人们的关注[2].近年来随着人口老龄化的临近,闭角型青光眼的发病率、致盲率逐年增高.因此全面了解闭角型青光眼患者的心理特征,社会环境因素在疾病中的作用具有重要意义.     

当代心理语言学研究的若干重要问题

本文较系统地介绍了当代心理语言学研究中的几个重要问题,阐述了研究有关问题的理论基础,基本思想及现状,指出了一些新的研究趋势。     

D型人格对大学新生心理健康的影响:基于三个时间点调查数据的有调节的中介模型

为考察感知到的压力在D型人格与大学新生心理健康关系中的中介作用及心理韧性的调节作用。在新生入学3个月内的不同时间点,利用D型人格量表（T1）、心理韧性量表（T2）、感知到的压力量表（T2）和心理健康量表（T3）对某大学1428名大学新生进行调查。结果显示：（1）在控制性别、年龄、是否恋爱和心理健康（T1）后,社交抑制对感知到的压力具有显著预测作用,感知到的压力对心理健康具有显著预测作用,即社交抑制通过感知到的压力的中介作用间接影响心理健康;在负性情感与心理健康的关系中,感知到的压力中介作用不成立;（2）心理韧性在社交抑制与心理健康的关系中调节效应显著;心理韧性在感知到的压力与心理健康的关系中调节效应显著;（3）一个有调节的中介模型成立。研究结果不仅有助于理解大学新生适应大学生活过程中的心理状况,而且为提高大学新生心理健康水平提供参考依据。     

D型人格对大学新生心理健康的影响:基于三个时间点调查数据的有调节的中介模型

为考察感知到的压力在D型人格与大学新生心理健康关系中的中介作用及心理韧性的调节作用。在新生入学3个月内的不同时间点,利用D型人格量表（T1）、心理韧性量表（T2）、感知到的压力量表（T2）和心理健康量表（T3）对某大学1428名大学新生进行调查。结果显示：（1）在控制性别、年龄、是否恋爱和心理健康（T1）后,社交抑制对感知到的压力具有显著预测作用,感知到的压力对心理健康具有显著预测作用,即社交抑制通过感知到的压力的中介作用间接影响心理健康;在负性情感与心理健康的关系中,感知到的压力中介作用不成立;（2）心理韧性在社交抑制与心理健康的关系中调节效应显著;心理韧性在感知到的压力与心理健康的关系中调节效应显著;（3）一个有调节的中介模型成立。研究结果不仅有助于理解大学新生适应大学生活过程中的心理状况,而且为提高大学新生心理健康水平提供参考依据。     

心理社会因素与人类免疫功能

该文首先介绍了关于心理神经免疫研究中常用的免疫功能测定的背景知识 ,然后主要从人类心理神经免疫研究中几个密切相关的热点方面 :应激、社会支持以及心理干预等与免疫的关系加以阐述 ,并讨论了可能的心理生理机制     

人际敏感:从社会认知到心理危险因素

作为一种社会认知能力,人际敏感受到了研究者的广泛关注。近年来,研究者将这种以不断担心负面的社会评价为特征,对他人评价保持警觉与敏感,并采取防御性行为(如服从或抑制行为)以避免负面社会评价的倾向作为个体一种整合的人格特征。研究发现人际敏感是传染性疾病的心理危险因素,并可能会增加心血管疾病的风险。未来研究应发展信效度良好的测量工具,进一步地整合相关模型,明确人际敏感影响健康的内部机制,为疾病的预防与心理干预提供指导。     

公益组织课外辅导对流动儿童领悟社会支持的影响

通过对选自北京市打工子弟小学的159名流动儿童进行问卷调查,探讨公益组织的社会干预对流动儿童领悟社会支持能力及情绪情感的影响。结果表明:(1)在公益组织实施课外团体辅导后,干预组流动儿童领悟社会支持得分与积极情感得分均显著高于对照组流动儿童。(2)在消极情感得分上,干预组与对照组不存在显著差异。(3)领悟社会支持与积极情感存在显著正相关,与消极情感存在负相关。这表明,通过公益组织实施课外辅导方式进行的社会干预能够有效提高流动儿童的领悟社会支持水平。     

大五人格背后的高级人格因素：社会关系模型

人格结构研究中的一种观点认为人格特质具有层级结构,其中大五人格结构是一种流行的人格结构模型,近年来有研究关注大五人格背后是否存在更高等级的人格.采用全循环设计,用等级评定和团队内排序方法,在80个4～6人小团队中收集成员及成员之间在五个人格特质上的自我人格知觉和对成员的人格知觉,共获得四种来源的大五人格数据,根据社会关系模型分解出目标效应.对每一种来源的数据进行探索性因素分析和跨来源联合因素分析,将四种来源数据视为四个指标进行结构方程建模,结果显示,两高级因素相关模型对数据有较高的拟合程度,两个高级人格因素对关系质量有显著且不同效应量的预测作用.结果支持大五人格背后存在更高级的人格因素.最后,讨论高级人格因素模型对理解人格结构、进行人格评估的意义;未来研究可从发展角度采用多评定者、多方法进行.     

论儒家早期情感心理的教化作用及其重要意义

早期儒家的著述中具有丰富的情感心理内容,其中尤以道德情感心理内容具有突出的以教化民作用。比如“爱”的核心为恻隐之心即同情心,这一重要的情感心理范畴是增进人与入之间的和谐关系、构建和谐社会的粘合剂。忧患意识与和乐精神也凸显出非同寻常的意义。忧患意识是一种凛然的民族大义,是古往今来一切仁人志士所具有的主体意识,是儒学体验性...     

Type D personality and cardiac output in response to stress

Type D personality is predictive of adverse clinical outcome and psychological distress in cardiac patients. However, the mechanisms by which Type D affects health are largely unknown. This study (1) investigated the relationship between Type D and cardiovascular reactivity to experimentally induced stress and (2) tested the influence of Type D on subjective feelings of stress. Eighty four healthy young adults (50% males, mean (SD) age 22 (6.84) years), completed measures of Type D personality, stress arousal and a stress-inducing procedure involving a taxing mental arithmetic task. Cardiovascular measures were recorded throughout the experiment. Mixed measures ANOVA showed a significant main effect of Type D and a significant group by time effect of Type D on cardiac output in male participants. Type D males exhibit significantly higher cardiac output during the stressor phase compared to non-Type D males. However, there was no relationship between Type D and cardiovascular reactivity in females. In addition, Type D individuals exhibited significantly higher feelings of subjective stress compared to non-Type D's. These findings provide new evidence on Type D and suggest that Type D may affect health through increased cardiac output and higher subjective feelings of stress following acute stress.     

叙事治疗在老年双心病患者中的实践

为研究叙事疗法作用,选取江苏省人民医院老年心血管科40名心血管疾病合并情绪障碍住院患者为研究对象,分为试验组和对照组。对照组20人给予常规治疗和常规人文关怀,试验组20人在常规服务的基础上增加多学科协作模式的叙事治疗个案服务,干预前后采用医院焦虑抑郁量表测量作为评估工具,旨在探索医务社工参与的“双心”医学多学科协作模式。结果显示,对照组与试验组分值均有下降,试验组患者的焦虑分值和抑郁分值下降幅度更大(P < 0.05),叙事疗法对双心病患者的干预效果显著。多学科协作模式下的叙事疗法可有效缓解双心病患者的心理障碍、提高科室满意度、提升医疗团队专业能力、创新学科建设与人文服务,具有可推广性。

     

脉压:心脑血管疾病的独立危险因子

脉压的大小是反映动脉粥样硬化的一个指标,因此,脉压增宽可以预测心脑血管疾病的发生,脉压预测的脑血管疾病危险的价值大于收缩压和舒张压,并有助于解释以往研究中舒张压与病死率关系不一致的现象。     

Psychometric properties of the Type D scale (DS14) in Norwegian cardiac patients

Bergvik, S., Sørlie, T., Wynn, R. & Sexton, H. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Type D scale (DS14) in Norwegian cardiac patients. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. The combination of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) – the Type D Personality – is associated with poor outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. A Norwegian translation of the standard instrument measuring Type D (DS14) was tested on 432 CAD patients receiving coronary revascularization treatment. Factor analysis produced two factors with high inter‐item reliability, indicating that the Norwegian DS14 has acceptable psychometric properties. Eighteen percent were classified as Type D, lower than has been reported elsewhere. Type D was associated with anxiety, depression, and passive coping. NA correlated positively with depression, anxiety, and passive coping. SI correlated positively with depression and anxiety, and negatively with active coping. The prevalence of Type D was higher among women, and negatively correlated with time since treatment. The variation in Type D prevalence among studies needs further elucidation as does the predictive power of continuous scoring of the Type D trait.     

Type D personality predicts poor medication adherence in myocardial infarction patients

Type D personality, the combination of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), is an emerging risk factor in cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to examine one possible behavioural mechanism to explain the link between Type D and ill-health. It was hypothesised that Type D personality would predict medication adherence in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. In a prospective study, 192 MI patients (54 females and 138 males) completed measures of Type D personality and provided demographic and medical information 1 week post-MI, and then 131 patients went on to complete a self-report measure of medication adherence 3 months post-MI. It was found that Type D personality predicts adherence to medication, after controlling for demographic and clinical risk factors. Critically, the constituent components of Type D, NA and SI, interact to predict medication adherence, after controlling for the effects of each component separately. Poor adherence to medication may represent one mechanism to explain why Type D cardiac patients experience poor clinical outcome, in comparison to non-Type D patients. Interventions, which target the self-management of medication, may be useful in these high-risk patients.     

Safeguarding Tradition: Psychological Type Preferences of Male Vergers in the Church of England

The current study explores the psychological type profile of vergers within the Church of England. A sample of 42 male vergers completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Form G). The study shows that vergers tend to prefer introversion over extraversion, sensing over intuition, thinking over feeling, and judging over perceiving. The type preferences of vergers are compared and contrasted with the type preferences of clergy and laity. These findings are explored within the context of the role of the verger within the Church of England.     

Type D Personality and Chronic Pain: Construct and Concurrent Validity of the DS14

A body of research has demonstrated that the Type D personality is a risk factor among cardiac patients. Previous studies validating the Type D Scale (DS14) across other clinical groups have not included chronic pain patients in their samples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct and concurrent validity of the DS14 using the MMPI-2. The DS14 and its two component subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency among chronic pain patients. The two subscales of the DS14 were found to be related to similar clinical scales on the MMPI-2, and significant differences were found in the MMPI-2 profiles of individuals with and without the Type D personality. Considerations for clinical practice and research are discussed.