Understanding Why Workers Engage in Rude Behaviors: A Social Interactionist Perspective

Interpersonal deviance is a form of counterproductive workplace behavior that is directly harmful to other individuals within an organization (Bennett and Robinson 2000). We argue that an important piece to understanding why deviance occurs is to go straight to the source—by asking individuals why they did it. Using Felson and Tedeschi’s (1993) social interactionist perspective of aggression and violence as a theoretical frame, the purpose of the current study was to explore individuals’ justifications for engaging in interpersonal deviance. The sample for this study consisted of 291 full-time working individuals obtained through an online service. Constructs were measured through the use of a web-based survey. Iterative K-means cluster analyses revealed interesting patterns that demonstrate the differential importance of power, retaliation, and having “no reason” in the decision to be deviant.     

The Social Ladder: A Rank-Based Perspective on Social Class

Scholars across the social sciences have studied social class for centuries. In this review, we suggest that social class is a fundamental means by which individuals are ranked on the social ladder of society. A rank-based perspective on social class shines light on several future areas of research: Specifically, understanding how social class ranks individuals vis-à-vis others leads to predictions about how class is signaled in interactions, influences social cognition and health, is shaped by global economic inequality trends, and changes across the life course. Importantly, our theory highlights the potential of experimental manipulations of social class rank for testing the causal role of social class in shaping basic patterns of cognition, emotion, and behavior. Future predictions regarding the channels of social class rank signals, along with how position on the social ladder shapes political attitudes and interacts with cultural values, are considered.     

在社会发展的天平上--《效率与公平》评介

效率与公平的问题 ,是人类社会存在和发展的一个永恒话题。如果用一个天平来衡量社会的发展水平和程度 ,那么在这个天平的一端放着的必然是公平 ,另一端放着的必然是效率。效率与公平之于人类社会的发展 ,犹如才与德之于个体的发展。因此 ,追求高效率以及追求更高程度的公平 ,始终是人类社会发展不可分割的两大目标。法律作为规范、调整和反映各种社会关系的基本调控器之一 ,无论是对提高社会发展过程中的效率 ,还是对追求社会发展过程中的公平 ,都具有重要的促进和保证作用。不仅如此 ,法律本身的确立、实施 ,也同样离不开对效率与公平的价…     

Improving Our Understanding of Impaired Social Problem-Solving in Children and Adolescents with Conduct Problems: Implications for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review - In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) children and adolescents with conduct problems learn social problem-solving skills that enable them to behave in...     

Why Social Workers Enter Private Practice:

This article describes the results of a nationwide survey which investigated private practice among clinical social workers and the factors which motivated them. The survey also explores opinions about the qualifications which social workers should meet before entering private practice.     

论企业社会责任的伦理文化基础

企业社会责任是人类商业文明的表现,也是现代社会的一种文化现象.针对目前学界对企业社会责任兴起条件分析中所缺乏的伦理视阈,本文从企业性质的社会伦理学思考、经济价值中立论的逆转、环境危机的伦理诉求以及社会福利制度的责任分担的伦理理念,阐释了社会伦理文化对企业社会责任兴起的价值先导作用.     

Adaptation and Acculturation: Experiences of Internationally Educated Social Workers

Transnational mobility of internationally educated social workers has been on the rise for the past 20 years, with little empirical study regarding their experiences of professional adaptation. This paper contextualises and presents data from a study with 15 social workers who undertook their professional education outside Canada and have migrated to Canada within the past 10 years, regarding their professional acculturation and adaptation. The analysis focuses on elements that facilitated and mitigated their professional acculturation and the resulting adaptations participants have experienced in their practice in the Canadian context. The paper's discussion outlines the importance of a stronger grounding in professional values of social work in order to facilitate professional acculturation and adaptation of internationally educated social workers.     

Understanding Party Identification: A Social Identity Approach

Social identity theory holds that individuals derive their self-concept from knowledge of their membership in a group (or groups) and that they place value and emotional significance on that group membership, with resulting perceptual and attitudinal biases. Individuals favor the in-group to which they belong which they define against a relevant out-group. In this study, a partisan social identity scale was used to reinterpret perceptual features of partisanship through the lens of social identity theory. The social identity of political independents was also examined in an effort to explain the anomalous behavior and identity of partisan leaners. Social identity theory provided a viable alternative framework for understanding the common bipolarity of perceptions regarding the two major U.S. political parties. In addition, an independent social identification may, in part, explain the identity of partisan leaners.     

Social Control in a Sexually Deviant Cybercommunity: A Cappers' Code of Conduct

This study examines a cybercommunity dedicated to recording live webcam feeds that are sexually charged. Those who record these feeds are known as “cappers.” Cappers post these “caps” on message boards designed to disseminate, share, and evaluate their aesthetic qualities. Following the insights of Durkin, Forsyth, Quinn, and others, this article identifies and elaborates the means of social control that promotes deviant ends among a capping community by extending Anderson's “code of the street.” The capping code's basic rules, strategies, tactics, and motives are analyzed in relation to reputation. The article concludes with considerations for future research.     

Growing Up Wired: Social Networking Sites and Adolescent Psychosocial Development

Since the advent of social networking site (SNS) technologies, adolescents’ use of these technologies has expanded and is now a primary way of communicating with and acquiring information about others in their social network. Overall, adolescents and young adults’ stated motivations for using SNSs are quite similar to more traditional forms of communication—to stay in touch with friends, make plans, get to know people better, and present oneself to others. We begin with a summary of theories that describe the role of SNSs in adolescents’ interpersonal relationships, as well as common methodologies used in this field of research thus far. Then, with the social changes that occur throughout adolescence as a backdrop, we address the ways in which SNSs intersect with key tasks of adolescent psychosocial development, specifically peer affiliation and friendship quality, as well as identity development. Evidence suggests that SNSs differentially relate to adolescents’ social connectivity and identity development, with sociability, self-esteem, and nature of SNS feedback as important potential moderators. We synthesize current findings, highlight unanswered questions, and recommend both methodological and theoretical directions for future research.     

The Intention to Give Up Smoking: Disease Versus Social Dimensions

Abstract

An expanded protection motivation model was used to investigate the intention to give up smoking. Because smoking has both physiological and social-psychological foundations, the model was expanded to include the social dimensions as well as the original disease dimensions as predictors of health behavior. The participants were 96 current smokers (35 male and 61 female) in Australia; 44 were young adults (age < 22 years), and 52 were adults (age > 34 years). Data were analyzed by multiple regression with hierarchical entry, first of disease dimensions, then of social dimensions. For both the young and the adult smokers, the disease dimensions contributed significantly to the results of the regression equations. Addition of the social dimensions yielded a significant F change only for young smokers and increased the amount of variance explained from 23% to 38%.     

A Neo-Kantian foundation of Corporate Social Responsibility

‘Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is conceptualized in many ways. We argue that one cannot be indifferent about the issue of its conceptualization. In terms of methodology, our position is that any conceptual discussion must embed CSR in political theory. With regard to substance, we link up with the discussion on whether CSR must be defined on the basis of a tripartite or a quadripartite division of business responsibilities. We share A.B. Carroll’s intuition that a quadripartite division is called for as a basis to define CSR. However, defending the quadripartite division of business responsibilities requires that the distinctions between economic, legal, ethical and discretionary business responsibilities be made intelligible. Carroll’s account is defective in this respect. We argue that contemporary Neo-Kantian political ethics is able to make sense of these distinctions, because of its specific interpretation of liberalism. Interestingly, from a conventional liberal perspective this interpretation of liberalism is atypical, as it extends public morality beyond the domain of the law.

Social Support and the Job Satisfaction of Female Clerical Workers

The beneficial effects on job satisfaction of social support at work and home were established in this study of 85 randomly selected female clerical workers. Partners were found to be effective buffers of adverse work conditions as well.     

Counseling Career-Plateaued Workers During Times of Social Change

This article encourages employment counselors to help employed and unemployed career-plateaued workers regain a sense of personal investment, motivation, and productivity.     

解决农民工养老保险问题的原则和思路

农民工收入偏低是解决农民工参加养老保险的“第一难题”,接受或默认这一不合理的现实,实行农民工参加养老保险的“差别待遇”,不仅产生许多弊端和矛盾,也缺少法理基础。应当在严格执行《劳动法》,规范企业内部分配行为基础上,将农民工纳入城镇基本养老保险制度,以切实解决农民工收入偏低、不同工同酬的问题。     

Sexism and the Effectiveness of Femvertising in China: A Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective

The present study draws on theories and prior research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and gender attitudes (i.e., sexism) to understand young Chinese peoples’ responses toward women-empowering advertising (i.e., femvertising). We conducted two experiments in which male and female Chinese college students (232 in Study 1 and 231 in Study 2) were exposed to either women-empowering or control advertisements (traditional ad in Study 1 and gender-irrelevant ad in Study 2) and reported their attitudes about the ads as well as their purchase intentions toward the advertised products (shampoo and smartphone, respectively). In line with our predictions, both experiments showed that messaging about women’s empowerment in advertising can induce perceptions of CSR, thereby increasing favorable responses such as enhanced positive ad attitudes and increased purchase intentions toward the advertised products. Moreover, hostile sexism was negatively associated with consumer responses toward femvertising such that the lower participants’ hostile sexism, the more positive ad attitudes and stronger purchase intent participants they reported. However, benevolent sexism was not predictive of consumer responses toward femvertising. These results offer insights into people’s responses toward women-empowering advertisements and also have practical implications for advertisers and marketers who are interested in using such an advertising tactic to promote products and services.

     

Explanation and Understanding Revisited: Bohman and the New Philosophy of Social Science

James Bohman has succeeded in reinvigorating the old debate over explanation and understanding by situating it within contemporary discussions about sociological indeterminacy and complexity. I argue that Bohman's preference for a paradigm based on Habermas's theory of communicative action is justifiable given the explanatory deficiencies of ethnomethodological, rational choice, rule-based, and functionalist methodologies. Yet I do not share his belief that the paradigm is preferable to less formalized models of interpretation.     

Understanding Parent Participation in a Going-to-Scale Implementation Trial of the Early Risers Conduct Problems Prevention Program

We examined parent participation in the context of a going-to-scale implementation trial of the evidence-based, multi-component Early Risers conduct problems prevention program. In this study we examine the participation of parents in two parent/family-focused components of Early Risers that were delivered over 2 years across 21 rural school sites with 155 primarily Caucasian families. One component is a standardized “Parent Skills” curriculum delivered at participating schools and the second component delivers “Family Support” via tailored case management services through school and non-school site contacts. The study examines predictors of parent participation for each parent-focused component using multilevel modeling analyses. Previous research is extended by examining parent participation within the context of a going-to-scale trial and by looking at a broader array of child/parent/family and implementation context predictors. Parent participation in Parent Skills is predicted by higher level of parent’s frustration in parent–child relationships, while their participation in Family Support is related to lower family income. Implementers with higher previous work experience with children/families and lower education levels, as well as those manifesting more extroverted and less agreeable personality characteristics, elicit more participation in Parent Skills. Greater participation in Family Support is also predicted by lower levels of implementer neuroticism. Finally, implementers who achieve higher quality of delivery fidelity have greater participation in Parent Skills and a lower level of adherence fidelity predicts more participation in Family Support. The results are discussed within the context of going-to-scale service provision and in terms of implications for future prevention efforts.