医学整合与医务社会工作在社区的发展

医学整合是医学与卫生事业发展中的一种现象,它的出现有着复杂的内部动因和外部动因,预示着医学学科发展的又一次革命.医学的整合分为几个层次,医务社会工作正是医学与社会工作专业整合的结果,它能够在医院和社区为服务对象提供与医学相关的社会心理服务,同时在社区卫生服务中扮演联络者、把门人、管理者、协调者、关爱者、照顾人等重要角色,是社区与医疗机构联系的重要纽带.     

Toward a Model of Social Influence that Explains Minority Student Integration into the Scientific Community

Students from several ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in the sciences, such that minority students more frequently drop out of the scientific career path than non-minority students. Viewed from a perspective of social influence, this pattern suggests that minority students do not integrate into the scientific community at the same rate as non-minority students. Kelman (1958, 2006) describes a tripartite integration model of social influence (TIMSI) by which a person orients to a social system. To test if this model predicts integration into the scientific community, we conducted analyses of data from a national panel of minority science students. A structural equation model framework showed that self-efficacy (operationalized consistent with Kelman's 'rule-orientation') predicted student intentions to pursue a scientific career. However, when identification as a scientist and internalization of values are added to the model, self-efficacy becomes a poorer predictor of intention. Additional mediation analyses support the conclusion that while having scientific self-efficacy is important, identifying with and endorsing the values of the social system reflect a deeper integration and more durable motivation to persist as a scientist.     

社区、社会资本与社区发育

社区发育作为社区发展理论的一个重要组成部分,在社区发展的研究中有着特别重要的意义.在现实社区中,由于对相关问题的忽视等原因,缺少社会资源和社会资本的情况十分普遍,它对于宏观社区的得失和其长期发展的兴衰,都具有不可估量的影响.本文要分析的问题是社区发育的概念是什么,它与社区建设的异同在哪里;社区的社会资本或者说其社会性的内涵是什么;社会资源、社会资本是如何形成和发育成长的;社会资本的创造与社区发育之间的内在联系是什么等.     

生物-心理-社会医学模式:医学整合的学术范式

生物-心理-社会医学模式适合了医学目的、WHO的健康观和医学实践需要整合的要求,成为医学整合的学术范式.在生物-心理-社会医学模式视域下,医学科研在更深刻的分析基础上趋向于整合,医学临床把病人作为整体看待,维护了病人的健康权益,在医学教育中强调了医学科学精神与人文精神的融合,彰显了医学整合"以人为本"的终极目的.     

生物-心理-社会医学模式的实践与医学整合

影响生物-心理-社会医学模式实践的原因是多方面的.推进临床学科间的整合,实现医院与基层医疗的结合,大力发展临床流行病学和社会医学,是落实生物-心理-社会医学模式的基本条件.     

生物-心理-社会医学模式的实践与医学整合

影响生物-心理-社会医学模式实践的原因是多方面的。推进临床学科间的整合,实现医院与基层医疗的结合,大力发展临床流行病学和社会医学,是落实生物-心理-社会医学模式的基本条件。     

医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动机制的实践研究

医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动对于构建和谐医患关系、提高医院的医疗服务水平和质量具有重要作用。从医务社会工作和医疗志愿服务的发展状况入手,对医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动的必要性、联动机制、策略和具体实践进行了探讨,提出要有针对性地采取相应的措施来提高联动的效果,如推进医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务的项目化的建设及建立医疗志愿者服务团队的激励机制。这些实践和探索为医疗机构创新和优化医疗服务模式提供了参考依据。     

我国社会医疗保险模式兼容性问题研究

通过对我国目前多种社会医疗保险模式共存的背景及其负面影响分析,阐述了社会医疗保险模式兼容性之理论、政策与现实基础,从推动社会成员公平地享受社会医疗保障角度,提出了和谐社会建设层面提高社会医疗保险模式兼容性的建议和措施。     

我国社会医疗保险模式兼容性问题研究

通过对我国目前多种社会医疗保险模式共存的背景及其负面影响分析,阐述了社会医疗保险模式兼容性之理论、政策与现实基础,从推动社会成员公平地享受社会医疗保障角度,提出了和谐社会建设层面提高社会医疗保险模式兼容性的建议和措施.     

生物-心理-社会医学模式与社区医疗的科学定位

对生物-心理-社会医学模式与社区医疗的结合进行探讨,生物-心理-社会医学模式在社区医疗中的应用,尤其是其社会性、整体性、综合性、以人为本的思想无疑会给社区医疗带来全新的发展,促使社区医疗科学定位,转变服务模式.而社区医疗的发展也会促进生物-心理-社会医学模式在实践中的应用.     

整合相关职业资源推动医学模式转变

当代知识的高度分化使得我们的知识结构趋于专一化,因此,我们难以通过改革医学教育使医务卫生工作者以及医学生获得与生物-心理-社会医学模式要求相适应的综合性知识结构,这是导致我国医学模式转变困难的根本原因.但是,我们可以选择通过整合社会工作师、心理治疗师等相关职业,组建由医师、护士、药师、心理治疗师、社会工作师共同组成的医疗卫生服务团队,借助不同专业人员的相互配合,克服个人知识结构专一化制约的路径来实现医疗卫生服务模式的转变.     

Violent Victimization Vulnerability: Testing a Conceptual Model of Personality,Social, and Community Factors

The current study extends theories of crime to explain victimization by examining the direct effects of personality factors (low self-control), social factors (social bonds), and community factors (collective efficacy) on violent victimization. Next, we examine the effects of these theories indirectly through risky lifestyles to impact violent victimization. The proposed conceptual model is tested among a large national sample of youth (ages 12–16) from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data (Add Health). Self-control, social bonds, and collective efficacy impact violent victimization indirectly through their effects on risky lifestyles, including unstructured peer socialization, peer marijuana use, respondents’ own marijuana use, and violence. The proposed conceptual model was generally supported and future directions for research to test and enhance this conceptual model are considered     

Perceiving Social Injustice: Observations on the Relationship Between Liberal Attitudes and Proximity to Social Problems

It was proposed that social injustice is more easily perceived in situations distant from self than in situations proximate to self. A corollary of this proposition, the Liberal Distance Function (LDF), was explored in the present research. Formally stated, the LDF proposes that the degree of favorable support for a social reform will increase as the distance between the subject and the locus of reform increases. Attitudes toward ( a ) a prison reform program and ( b ) a proposed public housing project were sampled from groups living at various distances from these projects. Predictions generated by the LDF were generally confirmed, with the groups most distant from the reforms being the most favorable toward these reforms. The implications of the present findings for predicting public reactions to social reform were briefly discussed, and it was argued that public response to reform proposals can be accurately gauged only when respondents can weigh realistically the expected costs and benefits of those reforms.     

Equality, Envy, and the Sense of Injustice

This paper attempts to defend the value of equality against the accusation that it is an expression of irrational and disreputable feelings of envy of those who are better off. It draws on Rawls' account of the sense of justice to suggest that resentment of inequalities may be a proper resentment of injustice. The case of resentment of 'free riders' is taken as one plausible example of a justified resentment of those who benefit unfairly from a scheme of cooperation. Further examples then link the case of the free rider to other cases of unjust inequalities which are the appropriate objects of resentment and indignation.     

Crime, Social Capital, and Community Participation

Social disorganization at the neighborhood and community levels has been consistently linked to various forms of criminal activity. However, a very much smaller body of literature addresses the effects of crime on community organizations. In some studies, crime appears to energize communities while in others, crime leads to withdrawal from community life. Using department of health crime victimization data and interviews with 2,985 low-income inner city residents living in 487 multi-family dwellings, a multi-level model examined the relationships among crime victimization, social organization, and participation in neighborhood organizations. Social organization at the individual and building levels was measured using recent formulations of social capital theory. Findings regarding crime suggested more signs of a chilling effect on participation than of an energizing effect, especially at the building level. Social capital at the building level was more strongly and consistently related to participation in community organizations than was crime.