社会转型中的道德自我困境及其公民伦理构思

社会主义市场经济体制改革、现代化建设以及面临的经济全球化、高科技和网络化背景,引发了中国社会深刻的伦理转型和社会道德难题.社会个体道德自我呈现出道德理想迷茫和道德冷漠、缺乏正义和规则意识、人格分裂和知行分离、职业道德缺失等不良特征.基于社会生活和伦理的现代转型,提升社会成员的公民意识,以相互性和公共性、人道和良善性、公正和契约性、自主与自律性等理念塑造公民伦理,是道德自我价值转型和精神提升的根本对措和路径选择.     

The Well-being of Salvadoran Refugees

Recently arrived and settled Salvadoran refugees and Anglo-Canadians in London, Ontario were compared with respect to psychological distress, quality of life, and life satisfaction. A matched sample of 60 participants in each group completed a demographic questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, a shortened version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale in either English or Spanish. Significant group differences were obtained on measures of quality of life and life satisfaction, but not of psychological distress. The results are discussed in relation to findings with other refugee groups.     

Perceptions of the Impact of Refugees on Host Communities: The Case of Liberian Refugees in Ghana

This paper analyses the effects of the presence of Liberian refugees on cost of goods/services and business activities, pressure on resources/facilities, social vices and environmental activities based on perceptions (although attempts have been made to buttress the perceptions with information from focus group discussions) of hosts and refugees. The analysis included gender and type of occupation from within and among the groups. The aim was to ascertain whether the presence of refugees are viewed as having positive, negative or mixed impacts. Data are from 10 focus group discussions and 120 household surveys undertaken in April 2007. Results show that although there are gender and occupational differentials, host communities contend that refugees have increased the costs of goods and services, brought pressure on facilities, increased social vices and deteriorated environmental resources. However, refugees are viewed as a source of income and market, and trade partners, who have brought a lot of infrastructural developments. Thus, one can describe refugee presence as having mixed impacts.     

The Unhappy Marriage of Care Ethics and Virtue Ethics

The proposal that care ethic(s) (CE) be subsumed under the framework of virtue ethic(s) (VE) is both promising and problematic for feminists. Although some attempts to construe care as a virtue are more commendable than others, they cannot duplicate a freestanding feminist CE. Sander‐Staudt recommends a model of theoretical collaboration between VE and CE that retains their comprehensiveness, allows CE to enhance VE as well as be enhanced by it, and leaves CE open to other collaborations.     

和谐伦理的现代需求与组织伦理

现代社会的伦理危机是由现代性伦理需求的供给不足所导致的.传统道德哲学不能满足有机团结的、远距离的现代社会及其行动结构所提出的伦理需求.伦理视阈中的组织,是实体性的道德责任主体和创生性的伦理实体.组织所具备的这两大伦理特征,能较好地承担现代社会的伦理需求.组织伦理的研究可以帮助解决现代社会的伦理危机,实现伦理和谐.     

Service Needs of Immigrants and Refugees

This paper evaluates the service needs of immigrants and refugees, paying special attention to their entry status, social, and human capital. Analyses are based on administrative data consisting of 2915 clients collected by the YMCA of Western Ontario, Windsor-Essex Branch (YMO). Results reveal that immigrants’ and refugees’ major service need priorities are (1) government services and language skills, (2) information about Canadian life and access to community services, (3) education and work in Canada, and (4) social and professional networks and community involvement. These service needs varied by the entry status of the immigrant as well as human and social capital. Government-assisted and sponsored refugees identified more service needs than economic immigrants relating to Canadian life, language and skill training, and social networks. Sponsored refugees also identified more needs than the economic immigrants with respect to access to community services and work. Convention refugees’ higher service needs over economic immigrants were related to language training and access to community services. Finally, the service needs of clients with higher education, English proficiency, and ethnic networks were lower than those of their counterparts.     

Christian Munthe,Pure Selection: The Ethics of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Choosing Children without Abortion

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics -     

公民道德意识的确立与青年的法律教育

公民道德建设是一个复杂的社会系统工程 ,要靠教育 ,也要靠法律。本文深入分析了青年在法律教育中如何确立公民道德意识的问题 ,从法律教育是公民道德意识确立的基本保证、主要方式、主要内容等三个方面论述了公民教育的重要意义     

德性伦理与规范伦理在生命伦理中的契合

在生命伦理领域中,规范伦理与德性伦理都曾发挥重要作用,然而,德性伦理没有受到人们足够的重视,重新厘定传统德性伦理的现代价值显得尤为重要。初步探究在生命伦理迅速发展的情况下,德性伦理与规范伦理相结合的模式。     

规则伦理的宗教痕迹与美德伦理学

在美德伦理学讨论中,规则伦理学被批评为一种具有律法主义色彩的宗教残留物.在美德伦理看来,规则伦理学残缺地继承了基督教的伦理思维框架,不恰当地理解"规则"的性质却又没有在现代社会中提供充分的依据.因此美德伦理学主张,必须改变规则伦理学的思路,不把"规则"视为某种普遍绝对的律法式条文,而应当看作人们用于处理复杂而不确定的实践问题的资源之一.     

德性伦理与规范伦理在生命伦理中的契合

在生命伦理领域中,规范伦理与德性伦理都曾发挥重要作用,然而,德性伦理没有受到人们足够的重视,重新厘定传统德性伦理的现代价值显得尤为重要.初步探究在生命伦理迅速发展的情况下,德性伦理与规范伦理相结合的模式.     

Effectiveness of a Community-Based Advocacy and Learning Program for Hmong Refugees

The effectiveness of a community-based advocacy and learning intervention for Hmong refugees was assessed using a comprehensive, multi-method strategy, which included a within-group longitudinal design with four data collection points and in-depth qualitative recruitment and post-intervention interviews. The intervention's impact on five aspects of refugee well-being was examined: Participants' psychological well-being, quality of life, access to resources, English proficiency, and knowledge for the U.S. citizenship exam. Twenty-eight Hmong adults and 27 undergraduate students participated together in the intervention, which had two major components: (1) Learning Circles, which involved cultural exchange and one-on-one learning opportunities for Hmong adults, and (2) an advocacy component that involved undergraduates advocating for and transferring advocacy skills to Hmong families to increase their access to resources in their communities. Undergraduate paraprofessionals and Hmong participants worked together for 6–8 hr per week for 6 months. Growth trajectory analysis revealed promising quantitative findings. Participants' quality of life, satisfaction with resources, English proficiency, and knowledge for the U.S. citizenship test increased and their levels of distress decreased over the course of the intervention. Mediating analyses suggested that participants' increased quality of life could be explained by their improved satisfaction with resources. Qualitative data helped to support and explain the quantitative data, as well as providing insight into other outcomes and processes of the intervention. Policy, practice, and research implications are discussed.     

公民道德建设与核心价值认同

社会主义核心价值体系本质上是实践性的,必须得到全社会的广泛认同和普遍实践,这是实现社会主义根本目的的需要,是引领社会精神需求的需要,是应对全球化挑战的需要。公民道德建设是使社会主义核心价值体系得到广泛认同的重要实践方式,这是由于社会主义核心价值体系是公民道德建设的灵魂和根本,而道德价值是核心价值体系的构成和基础。因此,公民道德建设如何在实践中创新主体、创新内容、创新形式、创新方法,决定着社会主义核心价值体系在何种程度上成为社会成员的共识。