SARS突发病害与大学生信任感的变化历程

用问卷法在SARS期间对北京大学生信任感进行了调查,研究了SARS突发病害对大学生信任感的影响。结果表明：SARS爆发初期,大学生的信任感有所下降,尤其对政府、媒体和学校的信任感下降较明显;SARS冲击下大学生信任感呈现了动态平衡的特点;影响信任感的主要因素是政府;制度制定和信息传递是引发社会态度转变的根本因素。     

当代大学生价值观取向的问题分析及对策

经济全球化背景下各种思潮不断涌入,与中国的传统价值现和马克思主义的价值观发生着激烈的碰撞,大学生的价值现取向也发生了一定的变化.当代大学生价值取向总体上呈现出多元化的趋势,主导价值观日趋弱化,这是由国际因素、国内因素、教育因素、家庭因素等诸多因素的影响造成的.引导大学生树立正确的价值观,应当引导他们树立社会主义主导价值观,坚定他们的理想信念;创新高校德育工作,提高德育的时效性;实施全方位引导的有效机制.     

新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生价值观特征及变化趋势探究

社会价值观对于社会群体具有重要的导向和动力作用,而社会重大事件的发生会对社会价值观的走向产生影响。研究采用价值观类型量表,对908名大学生进行调查,其中包含144名湖北省大学生,探究新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生价值观的分布特征,对比湖北省和其他地区,以及与SARS时期的异同,并预测其在疫情后期的变化趋势。结果显示:(1)在大学生的总体样本中,实用型、社会型和科学型价值观依次占据重要地位;(2)湖北省大学生中社会型价值观占据主导地位,其他地区大学生中实用型价值观占据主导地位,两个样本的整体分布特征不存在显著差异;(3)两次疫情中,社会型和实用型价值观均占据主导地位,科学型价值观的地位显著提升。     

时尚文化对当代大学生价值观的影响

时尚文化以其鲜明的求异、前卫、创新等特征易被"90后"大学生接受,对有特殊心理需求的大学生产生较强的渗透力.但由于时尚文化成分复杂、良莠并存,对"90后"大学生价值观的形成、发展产生了极其深刻而广泛的影响,导致他们价值取向多元化、价值目标功利化、价值评价审美化.高校要合理引导"90后"大学生的时尚观,使他们在时尚文化中净化心灵、领悟崇高、升华认识,真正树立起高尚的价值观.     

大学生知识价值观的实证研究

该研究从理论上界定了知识价值观及其基本成分(即知识价值目标、知识价值评价和知识价值手段)。运用设计的《大学生知识价值观调查表》,对2043名大学生进行了调查。结果显示,大学生在知识价值目标、知识价值评价和知识价值手段三方面都呈现出年级、性别和专业的差异。     

试析价值观对心理健康的影响

价值观是个体深层的心理建构,是个性倾向性的核心,指导着个体的行为。他同时包含着认知、情感和意志的成分,与个体心理健康有着一定的关联性。本在对价值观心理成分进行分析的基础上,认为价值观主要是通过认知成分中的价值思维模式和价值认知内容对心理健康发生影响。末从认知心理疗法的角度给出了对价值观进行调整的步骤。     

社会转型时期大学生的价值优先性

本研究以Schwartz开发的价值观量表(SVS)为工具,以北京地区1077位大学生为被试,运用结构方程模型、方差分析等方法考察社会变迁背景下大学生价值观的内容和结构。研究结果发现(1)大学生价值观由4类高阶价值和10类基本价值构成,在总体结构上不存在性别差异。(2)大学生的价值优先性呈现出三个基本特征:价值取向多元、利益指向多元、现实性。鉴于对研究局限的认识,本研究亦对后续研究方向提出建议。     

浅评《科学健康观与健康型社会》

由《中国医学伦理学》杂志李恩昌主任领衔主编、人民军医出版社出版的《科学健康观与健康型社会》,是近几年论述健康问题一本值得一读的书.此书的特点和一般关于健康知识的普及读物不同,也与一般论述健康重要性的著作不同,是将健康置于广阔的空间,从政治、经济、文化与健康的关系,以及如何建设健康型社会、健康型家庭、健康型农村、健康型城镇、健康型生态等多视角,全面讨论了健康这一对于当代社会具有重要意义的课题,为人们提供了一部从全方位认识和评估健康的读物.现就本人阅读此书后的感受谈几点粗浅的看法.     

湖南省大学生对社会主义核心价值观的认知状况调查报告

要大力推进社会主义核心价值观的培育和践行工作,我们不仅应该进行合理规划、精心组织和鼎力推动,而且应该对工作的效果进行科学合理的调查和评估。2015年,中国特色社会主义道德文化协同创新中心联合湖南师范大学社会主义核心价值观研究院等单位开展了一次关于湖南省大学生对社会主义核心价值观认知状况的社会调查,并依据调查结果撰写了此份调查报告。此次社会调查共发放20000份问卷,回收18229份问卷。社会调查以湖南省20所高校的大学生作为调查对象,能够在一定程度上反映我国大学生乃至当代中国人对社会主义核心价值观的认知情况。我国对社会主义核心价值观的培育和践行目前主要处于认知阶段,揭示湖南省大学生对社会主义核心价值观的认知状况具有不容忽视的现实意义和价值。     

时间距离与大学生自我-品牌联结的价值偏好——基于解释水平的研究

自我-品牌联结指消费者使用品牌构建、强化和表达自我的程度。本文试图通过未来时间距离下自我品牌价值偏好的研究,揭示出大学生消费价值观的发展变化。实验1通过操纵时间距离揭示了大学生消费价值观的变化,结果表明：在近期时间距离下,大学生功能性价值的自我-品牌联结强于象征性价值,在未来时间距离下,象征性价值则强于功能性价值。实验2通过操纵成败反馈情景启动自我认知探讨了其发生机制,结果表明：在积极反馈情境下,随着时间距离延伸,大学生象征性价值的自我品牌联结逐渐强于功能性价值;而在消极反馈情景下无论近期还是远期,功能性价值一直强于象征性价值。结论：随着时间距离延伸,大学生消费价值观从实用主义过渡到理想主义,其机制是积极自我认知偏向的启动。     

Psychological responses to outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome: a prospective, multiple time-point study

This study examined anxiety and coping responses to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong. Trait anxiety, situation-specific coping strategies, and coping flexibility were proposed as predictors of state anxiety during the early phase of the SARS epidemic. Seventy-two Hong Kong undergraduates (31 men, 41 women) participated in a prospective, multiple time-point study. Participants' trait anxiety and coping flexibility had been assessed in an earlier study. Five months later, they reported their anxiety and coping at each of the four time points during the outbreak. Results revealed fluctuations in state anxiety across time points. Results from hierarchical linear modeling showed that trait anxiety as well as the situation-appropriate coping strategies of avoidance and personal hygiene practice accounted for changes in state anxiety.     

The psychology behind the masks: Psychological responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in different regions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first reported in China, and spread to 29 regions, affecting over 8000 people worldwide. For the general public, the psychological impact of SARS may have been greater than the physical health danger of the disease. The present paper proposes the influence of psychological factors on people's cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses during the SARS outbreak. The various papers in this special issue of the Journal reveal how people have reacted during the SARS outbreak: People's general coping styles may be related to their health behavior during the outbreak. Cultural differences were evident in the perception of SARS, and individuals' perceptual styles may have influenced their ability to cope with the outbreak. The way in which individuals coped with SARS-related stressful events was different from their usual practices of managing daily stress. Individual differences in the adoption of preventive measures were related to the distinct susceptibility to several social-cognitive biases.     

正视公共卫生,建立有效的疾病控制体系--SARS疫情后的反思

SARS是由一种变异的冠状病毒(Corona-virus)所致的极为危险的传染病,给我们这个世界带来了一次严峻的考验,从政府到社会的方方面面都全力投身于这一次疫情抗击活动。疫情暴露了我们在卫生改革与发展过程中战略与战术上的缺陷与失误,也使我们清楚地认识到,政府必须正视公共卫生,必须建立一个拥有处理公共卫生突发事件能力的疾病控制系统,为居民健康服务;尽管这次SARS危机挑战的是国家的公共卫生系统,但是对我国卫生事业的改革与发展已经产生了巨大而深远的影响。     

Commentary: Reintegrating psychology into an expanded biopsychosocial model of severe acute respiratory syndrome

The Special Issue highlights the importance of psychology in the research agenda on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The five articles examined relevant theories on social cognition and coping in the ecological context of the SARS outbreak. They provide preliminary tests to current psychological principles of coping and health psychology in a real crisis. The limitations of the studies are recognized. Other areas of psychological research on SARS are suggested. It is proposed that the biopsychosocial model of behavioral medicine could be expanded as a paradigm in public health to study and prepare for future emerging epidemics.     

21世纪新发传染病--非典型肺炎

传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)是全球人类健康非常严重的威胁 ,是由一种新病毒———SARS冠状病毒引起的新发传染病。具有全球大流行的潜在可能。面对一种新发传染病做好宣传教育工作 ,动员全社会参与尤为重要 ,信息发布要选择合适的途径、合适的对象、合适的信息和合适的时间。即使暴发过去了 ,详细的流行病学及环境调查分析 ,会丰富我们的认识 ,并可防止疫情的蔓延和再次暴发。控制新发传染病不是局部问题 ,是超越地域及政府界限的 ,需要全球支持 ,国际合作与协调 ,共同努力把疾病控制在萌芽之中。     

Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach

OBJECTIVE: To examine trajectories of psychological functioning using latent class analysis on a sample of hospitalized survivors of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Hong Kong. DESIGN: A longitudinal study of 997 survivors, recruited from among 1,331 individuals hospitalized for SARS, were interviewed at 6, 12, and 18 months after hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological and physical functioning at each time point was measured using the 12-item Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). RESULTS: Four latent classes were identified--chronic dysfunction, delayed dysfunction, recovery, and resilience. All groups had better physical health than the chronic group. Resilient and recovered individuals had greater social support and less SARS-related worry, and resilient individuals were more likely to be male. The resilient group also had greater social support than the delayed group and better physical functioning than the recovered group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that longitudinal outcome trajectories following a major health-threat event in an Asian sample bear close resemblance to prototypical trajectories observed in trauma studies using Western samples. Unique predictors of the trajectories included factors observed in previous studies, such as social support, as well as factors of particular relevance to a major disease outbreak, such as SARS-related worry.     

Biases in the perceived prevalence and motives of severe acute respiratory syndrome prevention behaviors among Chinese high school students in Hong Kong

In two studies conducted in Hong Kong during and immediately after the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), participants displayed several social cognitive biases when they estimated the prevalence of and inferred the motives underlying SARS preventive behaviors. First, participants who practiced preventive behaviors (practicers) consistently estimated that more people practiced such behaviors than did non-practicers (false consensus bias). Second, for some preventive behaviors, participants believed that their own behaviors were more motivated by prosocial concerns (relative to self-interest) than were other practicers (pluralistic ignorance). Finally, non-practicers underestimated the importance of prosocial concerns underlying some preventive behaviors (actor-observer bias). We discussed the relevance of these social cognitive biases to health education and to Hong Kong people's psychological reactions to SARS.     

借鉴循证医学方法促进SARS治疗决策科学化

面对突如其来的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS),其预防和治疗方案层出不穷.究竟哪一种预防或治疗方法对SARS最有效?怎样面对现有的困难?如何借鉴循证医学的理念及方法,促进SARS治疗决策科学化至关重要.     

甲型H1N1流感大流行2周年记

2009年4月,墨西哥暴发甲型H1N1流感疫情,并迅速蔓延至全球。2009年6月11日,世界卫生组织宣布进入流感大流行,直到2010年8月10日世卫组织宣布世界步入流感大流行后期。自流感暴发已经2年过去了,回顾整个过程我们从中可以学到许多经验和教训,并随时准备应对将来可能发生的新的流感疫情。